The Experts below are selected from a list of 192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew Fisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Invited review: The welfare of young calves transported by road.
Journal of dairy science, 2021Co-Authors: Natalie Roadknight, Peter Mansell, Ellen Jongman, Natalie Courtman, Andrew FisherAbstract:The transport of young calves is a welfare concern. Young calves aged ≤3 mo are particularly vulnerable to compromised welfare, and are at a relatively high risk of morbidity and mortality compared with adult cattle. Calves face several potential challenges to welfare during and after transport, including food and water deprivation, disease, injury, and stress from handling, social mixing, and new environments. The key risk factors identified for poor calf welfare associated with transport include long transport and fasting durations, young age at transport, poor Colostral Immunity, timing within the calving season, lack of bedding in trucks, and high stocking density. Maximizing calf welfare thus requires a multifaceted approach, such as minimizing transport and fasting durations, transporting at an appropriate stocking density with comfortable bedding, only transporting calves that are healthy and fit, and optimizing pre-transport calf management. More research is needed to understand the effect of transport on the mental or affective state of calves.
Tanja Opriessnig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
detection of antibodies against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in serum and colostrum by indirect elisa
Veterinary Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Priscilla Freitas Gerber, Qiaoling Gong, Yaowei Huang, Chong Wang, Derald J Holtkamp, Tanja OpriessnigAbstract:An indirect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) G ELISA based on the S1 portion of the spike protein was validated and compared with an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In serum samples from experimentally infected pigs (n = 35), anti-IgG PEDV antibodies were detected as early as 7 days post-infection. In field serum samples (n = 239), the diagnostic sensitivity of the S1 ELISA was 100% and the diagnostic specificity was 94%. The S1 ELISA showed no cross-reactivity with antibodies against other porcine coronaviruses. Colostrum samples (n = 133) were also tested for anti-PEDV IgG and IgA. The diagnostic sensitivity was 92% for IgG and 100% for IgA, and the diagnostic specificity was 90% for IgG and 99.4% for IgA. These data suggest that the S1 ELISA is a sensitive and specific test that could also be used to evaluate PEDV Colostral Immunity.
W. L. Mengeling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Successful pseudorabies vaccination in maternally immune piglets using recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines
Research in veterinary science, 1997Co-Authors: Susan L. Brockmeier, Kelly M. Lager, W. L. MengelingAbstract:Three gilts were vaccinated with a NYVAC vaccinia recombinant expressing glycoprotein gD of pseudorabies virus (PRV) (NYVAC/gD). After farrowing, the piglets were allowed to nurse normally to obtain Colostral Immunity and then were divided into four groups, receiving NYVAC/gD, a NYVAC recombinant expressing glycoprotein gB of PRV (NYVAC/gB), an inactivated PRV vaccine (iPRV), or no vaccine. The piglets were vaccinated twice, three weeks apart beginning at approximately two weeks of age and later challenged with virulent PRV oronasally. Piglets that received NYVAC/gB or iPRV were the best protected based on lack of mortality, lower temperature responses, decreased weight loss and decreased viral shedding after challenge. These results indicate effective strategies for stimulating active immune response while still under the protection of maternal Immunity.
Christina G. Wilkerson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A prospective study of septicaemia in colostrum‐deprived foals
Equine Veterinary Journal, 1993Co-Authors: Julie A. Robinson, Allen Gk, Green Em, W.e. Loch, W. H. Fales, Christina G. WilkersonAbstract:Summary Fourteen mares and their foals were attended at parturition. After mare-foal bonding, 8 colostrum-deprived (CD) foals were removed from their dams, deprived of colostrum, and provided with an alternative milk source for the first 24 h of life. The mares were milked out every 2–4 h during this period to remove colostrum, after which the CD foals were returned to their mares and allowed to nurse. Six colostrum-fed (CF) foals were allowed to suck colostrum in the normal manner. Foal serum IgG concentration was determined by single radial immunodiffusion (means, CD = 0 mg/dl; CF = 1,508 mg/dl). Accepted methods were used to minimise infections in the neonatal foals. Of the 8 CD foals, 7 demonstrated clinical signs of sepsis. Septicaemia was confirmed in 5 of the 7 septicaemic CD foals by ante-mortem blood culture or by culture of tissue at necropsy. Organisms isolated included: Actinobacillus equuli, Escherichia coli, undifferentiated coliforms, Pseudomonas spp., and Actinomyces pyogenes. Clinically ill foals were treated with antimicrobial drugs, intravenous fluid therapy, flunixin meglumine, and anti-endotoxin hyperimmune serum. Three septicaemic CD foals survived. Four of 7 septicaemic CD foals died or were destroyed. Post-mortem lesions included bacterial embolic pneumonia, glomerulonephritis/nephritis, lymphoid depletion/atrophy, splenic and lymphoid necrosis, hepatitis, septic arthritis, and systemic bacterial embolism. None of the CF foals became septicaemic. One CF foal had foal heat diarrhoea and 1 CF foal had a serum IgG concentration of 160 mg/dl (i.e. failure of passive transfer), but both foals were otherwise normal. Despite the precautions taken to prevent infection in these foals, the severity, rapidity of disease onset, and extent of this outbreak of septicaemia in CD foals demonstrate the importance of Colostral Immunity in protecting neonatal foals from opportunistic and pathogenic bacterial infection.
Natalie Roadknight - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Invited review: The welfare of young calves transported by road.
Journal of dairy science, 2021Co-Authors: Natalie Roadknight, Peter Mansell, Ellen Jongman, Natalie Courtman, Andrew FisherAbstract:The transport of young calves is a welfare concern. Young calves aged ≤3 mo are particularly vulnerable to compromised welfare, and are at a relatively high risk of morbidity and mortality compared with adult cattle. Calves face several potential challenges to welfare during and after transport, including food and water deprivation, disease, injury, and stress from handling, social mixing, and new environments. The key risk factors identified for poor calf welfare associated with transport include long transport and fasting durations, young age at transport, poor Colostral Immunity, timing within the calving season, lack of bedding in trucks, and high stocking density. Maximizing calf welfare thus requires a multifaceted approach, such as minimizing transport and fasting durations, transporting at an appropriate stocking density with comfortable bedding, only transporting calves that are healthy and fit, and optimizing pre-transport calf management. More research is needed to understand the effect of transport on the mental or affective state of calves.