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Zachary Estes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priming by relational integration in perceptual identification and stroop Colour Naming
Journal of Memory and Language, 2014Co-Authors: Lara L Jones, Zachary Estes, Emily MatherAbstract:Integrative priming is the facilitated recognition of a target word following a prime word with which it can be combined to produce a sub-type of the target (e.g., a lake bird is a type of bird). Such priming occurs even in the absence of lexical association, semantic similarity, or compound familiarity and so poses a challenge to current models of priming. The present research establishes integrative priming as a robust phenomenon across paradigms and tests whether it occurs controllably or uncontrollably. Target words (e.g., “bird”) were preceded by a prime word that was integratable (e.g., “lake”), associated and similar (e.g., “canary”), or unrelated (e.g., “trial”). Integrative priming was observed in a perceptual identification task that minimised strategic processing (Experiment 1) and in a Stroop Colour Naming task that penalised lexical integration (Experiment 2). Thus, like associative priming, integrative priming occurred uncontrollably. The results necessitate a distinct model of integrative priming, in which priming occurs automatically.
Emily Mather - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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priming by relational integration in perceptual identification and stroop Colour Naming
Journal of Memory and Language, 2014Co-Authors: Lara L Jones, Zachary Estes, Emily MatherAbstract:Integrative priming is the facilitated recognition of a target word following a prime word with which it can be combined to produce a sub-type of the target (e.g., a lake bird is a type of bird). Such priming occurs even in the absence of lexical association, semantic similarity, or compound familiarity and so poses a challenge to current models of priming. The present research establishes integrative priming as a robust phenomenon across paradigms and tests whether it occurs controllably or uncontrollably. Target words (e.g., “bird”) were preceded by a prime word that was integratable (e.g., “lake”), associated and similar (e.g., “canary”), or unrelated (e.g., “trial”). Integrative priming was observed in a perceptual identification task that minimised strategic processing (Experiment 1) and in a Stroop Colour Naming task that penalised lexical integration (Experiment 2). Thus, like associative priming, integrative priming occurred uncontrollably. The results necessitate a distinct model of integrative priming, in which priming occurs automatically.
Jennifer S. Burt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identity primes produce facilitation in a Colour Naming task
The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 1994Co-Authors: Jennifer S. BurtAbstract:Five experiments examined associative or identity priming effects in a Colour-Naming task with Colour-neutral words. In Experiment 1, subjects instructed to read the prime silently showed no associative priming effect but a Colour-Naming facilitation with identity priming. In Experiment 2, the typical associative priming interference in Colour Naming was demonstrated in subjects recalling the prime word, but not in subjects reading the prime silently, whereas associative primes facilitated word Naming regardless of the prime response requirement. The remaining studies investigated the Colour-Naming facilitation observed with identity primes. Experiment 3 showed no effects on the facilitation of Colour Naming from varying the letter case of a silently read prime. Experiment 4 showed facilitation when subjects recalled the prime, and a target frequency effect, with faster Colour-Naming latencies for high- and medium- than low-frequency targets. In Experiment 5, there was no facilitation for Naming the colou...
Dimitris Mylonas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Colour communication within different languages
2020Co-Authors: Dimitris MylonasAbstract:For computational methods aiming to reproduce Colour names that are meaningful to speakers of different languages, the mapping between perceptual and linguistic aspects of Colour is a problem of central information processing. This thesis advances the field of computational Colour communication within different languages in five main directions. First, we show that web-based experimental methodologies offer considerable advantages in obtaining a large number of Colour Naming responses in British and American English, Greek, Russian, Thai and Turkish. We continue with the application of machine learning methods to discover criteria in linguistic, behavioural and geometric features of Colour names that distinguish classes of Colours. We show that primary Colour terms do not form a coherent class, whilst achromatic and basic classes do. We then propose and evaluate a computational model trained by human responses in the online experiment to automate the assignment of Colour names in different languages across the full three-dimensional Colour gamut. Fourth, we determine for the first time the location of Colour names within a physiologically-based cone excitation space through an unconstrained Colour Naming experiment using a calibrated monitor under controlled viewing conditions. We show a good correspondence between online and offline datasets; and confirm the validity of both experimental methodologies for estimating Colour Naming functions in laboratory and real-world monitor settings. Finally, we present a novel information theoretic measure, called dispensability, for Colour categories that predicts a gradual scale of basicness across languages from both web- and laboratory- based unconstrained Colour Naming datasets. As a result, this thesis contributes experimental and computational methodologies towards the development of multilingual Colour communication schemes.
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A toy Colour Naming example.
2019Co-Authors: Lewis D. Griffin, Dimitris MylonasAbstract:a) Plots the distribution of Naming responses (vertical) for different locations (horizontal) in a hypothetical 1-D Colour manifold. Red points mark points in the Colour manifold which can be followed across the panels. b) A replot of the previous panel, with location within the triangle indicating the distribution of Naming responses. c) A replot of the previous panel, with location on the sphere indicating the distribution. d) Same horizontal scale as a, the vertical scale indicates the categorical distance (determined by the change in Naming responses) for a small change in Colour at that location in the Colour manifold. e) A warp of a so that horizontal distances in the figure equal categorical distances.
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An online color Naming experiment in Russian using Munsell color samples
Color Research & Application, 2017Co-Authors: Galina V. Paramei, Yulia A. Griber, Dimitris MylonasAbstract:Russian Colour Naming was explored in a web-based psycholinguistic experiment. The purpose was threefold: to examine (i) CIELAB coordinates of centroids for 12 Russian basic Colour terms (BCTs), including two Russian terms for ‘blue’, sinij ‘dark blue’ and goluboj ‘light blue’, and compare these with coordinates for the 11 English BCTs obtained in earlier studies; (ii) frequent non-BCTs and (iii) gender differences in Colour Naming. Native Russian speakers participated in the experiment using an unconstrained Colour-Naming method. Each participant named 20 Colours, selected from 600 Colours densely sampling the Munsell Color Solid. Colour names and response times of typing onset were registered. Several deviations between centroids of the Russian and English BCTs were found. The two Russian ‘blues’, as expected, divided the BLUE area along the lightness dimension; their centroids deviated from a centroid of English blue. Further minor departures were found between centroids of Russian and English counterparts of ‘brown’ and ‘red’. The Russian Colour inventory confirmed the linguistic refinement of the PURPLE area, with high frequencies of non-BCTs. In addition, Russian speakers revealed elaborated Naming strategies and use of a rich inventory of non-BCTs. Elicitation frequencies of the 12 BCTs were comparable for both genders; however, linguistic segmentation of Colour space, employing a synthetic observer, revealed gender differences in Naming Colours, with more refined Naming of the “warm” Colours from females. We conclude that, along with universal perceptual factors, that govern categorical partition of Colour space, Russian speakers’ Colour Naming reflects language-specific factors, supporting the weak relativity hypothesis.
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Gender Differences in Russian Colour Naming
2017Co-Authors: Yulia A. Griber, Galina V. Paramei, Dimitris MylonasAbstract:In the present study we explored Russian Colour Naming in a web-based psycholinguistic experiment (http://www.ColourNaming.com). Colour singletons representing the Munsell Color Solid (N=600 in total) were presented on a computer monitor and named using an unconstrained Colour-Naming method. Respondents were Russian speakers (N=713). For gender-split equal-size samples (NF=333, NM=333) we estimated and compared (i) location of centroids of 12 Russian basic Colour terms (BCTs); (ii) the number of words in Colour descriptors; (iii) occurrences of BCTs most frequent non-BCTs. We found a close correspondence between females’ and males’ BCT centroids. Among individual BCTs, the highest inter-gender agreement was for seryj ‘grey’ and goluboj ‘light blue’, while the lowest was for sinij ‘dark blue’ and krasnyj ‘red’. Females revealed a significantly richer repertory of distinct Colour descriptors, with great variety of monolexemic non-BCTs and “fancy” Colour names; in comparison, males offered relatively more BCTs or their compounds. Along with these measures, we gauged denotata of most frequent CTs, reflected by linguistic segmentation of Colour space, by employing a synthetic observer trained by gender-specific responses. This psycholinguistic representation revealed females’ more refined linguistic segmentation, compared to males, with higher linguistic density predominantly along the redgreen axis of Colour space.
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Colour Naming for Colour design
Colour Design, 2017Co-Authors: Dimitris Mylonas, Lindsay MacdonaldAbstract:Abstract Previous research in Colour Naming has been mostly focused on a small number of basic Colour categories rather than towards the development of more subtle Colour identifications. This has led to a preponderance of ‘basic’ Colour schemes and has limited the visualisation of complex data. In this chapter, we present the findings of a long-running Internet-based Colour Naming experiment, designed to collect unconstrained Colour names in multiple languages with their corresponding stimulus values. The data gathered are being used for the development of a Colour-Naming model that facilitates Colour communication within and between different cultures.
Derek Besner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Basic processes in reading aloud and Colour Naming: Towards a better understanding of the role of spatial attention
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2013Co-Authors: Serje Robidoux, Derek Rauwerda, Derek BesnerAbstract:Whether or not lexical access from print requires spatial attention has been debated intensively for the last 30 years. Studies involving Colour Naming generally find evidence that “unattended” words are processed. In contrast, reading-based experiments do not find evidence of distractor processing. One theory ascribes the discrepancy to weaker attentional demands for Colour identification. If Colour Naming does not capture all of a subject's attention, the remaining attentional resources can be deployed to process the distractor word. The present study combined exogenous spatial cueing with Colour Naming and reading aloud separately and found that Colour Naming is less sensitive to the validity of a spatial cue than is reading words aloud. Based on these results, we argue that Colour Naming studies do not effectively control attention so that no conclusions about unattended distractor processing can be drawn from them. Thus we reiterate the consistent conclusion drawn from reading aloud and lexical decis...