The Experts below are selected from a list of 17640 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Akihiro Hayakawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of nox and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia
Combustion and Flame, 2020Co-Authors: Ekenechukwu C Okafo, Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne, Rattanasupapornsak Ratthana, Akihiro Hayakawa, Taku Kudo, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki KobayashiAbstract:Abstract Methane–ammonia mixtures have potentials as low-carbon fuels for gas turbines, however significantly high fuel NOx production in their flames present challenges to their application. This study aims to provide deep insight into the physical and chemical processes involved in the formation and control of emissions from the Combustion of CH4 NH3–air with up to 30% ammonia by heat fraction in gas turbine combustors. Hence, laser diagnostics techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, in addition to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analysis were employed to study the flow field, flame structure and emissions characteristics of a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fuelled with CH4 NH3–air mixtures. The control of emissions from the flames was further studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a model swirl combustor. The results show that NOx emissions from premixed CH4 NH3–air in single-stage Combustion were more than 5000 ppmv at equivalence ratios, Φ = 0.8–1.1, which is about twice more than the values already reported for NH3–air. Trends in NOx emissions correspond with the trends in OH radicals concentration in the combustor owing to the relevance of OH radicals in fuel NOx production. Emissions control leading to significantly low emissions such as 49 ppmv of NOx, 2 ppmv of CO and approximately zero N2O, HCN and NH3 emissions with a 99.8% Combustion efficiency was achieved using rich-lean Combustion. An optimum Φ of the primary Combustion Zone for low NOx emission was identified, which varied from 1.30 to 1.35 depending on the ammonia fraction. For Φ richer (leaner) than the optimum Φ, NOx emission increased due to an increase in NOx production in the secondary (primary) Combustion Zone. Rich-lean Combustion of CH4 NH3–air emitted less NOx than that of NH3-air because the higher flame speed of CH4 NH3–air mixtures ensured lower NOx production in the secondary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
Hideaki Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of nox and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia
Combustion and Flame, 2020Co-Authors: Ekenechukwu C Okafo, Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne, Rattanasupapornsak Ratthana, Akihiro Hayakawa, Taku Kudo, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki KobayashiAbstract:Abstract Methane–ammonia mixtures have potentials as low-carbon fuels for gas turbines, however significantly high fuel NOx production in their flames present challenges to their application. This study aims to provide deep insight into the physical and chemical processes involved in the formation and control of emissions from the Combustion of CH4 NH3–air with up to 30% ammonia by heat fraction in gas turbine combustors. Hence, laser diagnostics techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, in addition to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analysis were employed to study the flow field, flame structure and emissions characteristics of a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fuelled with CH4 NH3–air mixtures. The control of emissions from the flames was further studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a model swirl combustor. The results show that NOx emissions from premixed CH4 NH3–air in single-stage Combustion were more than 5000 ppmv at equivalence ratios, Φ = 0.8–1.1, which is about twice more than the values already reported for NH3–air. Trends in NOx emissions correspond with the trends in OH radicals concentration in the combustor owing to the relevance of OH radicals in fuel NOx production. Emissions control leading to significantly low emissions such as 49 ppmv of NOx, 2 ppmv of CO and approximately zero N2O, HCN and NH3 emissions with a 99.8% Combustion efficiency was achieved using rich-lean Combustion. An optimum Φ of the primary Combustion Zone for low NOx emission was identified, which varied from 1.30 to 1.35 depending on the ammonia fraction. For Φ richer (leaner) than the optimum Φ, NOx emission increased due to an increase in NOx production in the secondary (primary) Combustion Zone. Rich-lean Combustion of CH4 NH3–air emitted less NOx than that of NH3-air because the higher flame speed of CH4 NH3–air mixtures ensured lower NOx production in the secondary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
Osamu Kurata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of nox and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia
Combustion and Flame, 2020Co-Authors: Ekenechukwu C Okafo, Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne, Rattanasupapornsak Ratthana, Akihiro Hayakawa, Taku Kudo, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki KobayashiAbstract:Abstract Methane–ammonia mixtures have potentials as low-carbon fuels for gas turbines, however significantly high fuel NOx production in their flames present challenges to their application. This study aims to provide deep insight into the physical and chemical processes involved in the formation and control of emissions from the Combustion of CH4 NH3–air with up to 30% ammonia by heat fraction in gas turbine combustors. Hence, laser diagnostics techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, in addition to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analysis were employed to study the flow field, flame structure and emissions characteristics of a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fuelled with CH4 NH3–air mixtures. The control of emissions from the flames was further studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a model swirl combustor. The results show that NOx emissions from premixed CH4 NH3–air in single-stage Combustion were more than 5000 ppmv at equivalence ratios, Φ = 0.8–1.1, which is about twice more than the values already reported for NH3–air. Trends in NOx emissions correspond with the trends in OH radicals concentration in the combustor owing to the relevance of OH radicals in fuel NOx production. Emissions control leading to significantly low emissions such as 49 ppmv of NOx, 2 ppmv of CO and approximately zero N2O, HCN and NH3 emissions with a 99.8% Combustion efficiency was achieved using rich-lean Combustion. An optimum Φ of the primary Combustion Zone for low NOx emission was identified, which varied from 1.30 to 1.35 depending on the ammonia fraction. For Φ richer (leaner) than the optimum Φ, NOx emission increased due to an increase in NOx production in the secondary (primary) Combustion Zone. Rich-lean Combustion of CH4 NH3–air emitted less NOx than that of NH3-air because the higher flame speed of CH4 NH3–air mixtures ensured lower NOx production in the secondary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
Taku Tsujimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of nox and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia
Combustion and Flame, 2020Co-Authors: Ekenechukwu C Okafo, Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne, Rattanasupapornsak Ratthana, Akihiro Hayakawa, Taku Kudo, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki KobayashiAbstract:Abstract Methane–ammonia mixtures have potentials as low-carbon fuels for gas turbines, however significantly high fuel NOx production in their flames present challenges to their application. This study aims to provide deep insight into the physical and chemical processes involved in the formation and control of emissions from the Combustion of CH4 NH3–air with up to 30% ammonia by heat fraction in gas turbine combustors. Hence, laser diagnostics techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, in addition to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analysis were employed to study the flow field, flame structure and emissions characteristics of a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fuelled with CH4 NH3–air mixtures. The control of emissions from the flames was further studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a model swirl combustor. The results show that NOx emissions from premixed CH4 NH3–air in single-stage Combustion were more than 5000 ppmv at equivalence ratios, Φ = 0.8–1.1, which is about twice more than the values already reported for NH3–air. Trends in NOx emissions correspond with the trends in OH radicals concentration in the combustor owing to the relevance of OH radicals in fuel NOx production. Emissions control leading to significantly low emissions such as 49 ppmv of NOx, 2 ppmv of CO and approximately zero N2O, HCN and NH3 emissions with a 99.8% Combustion efficiency was achieved using rich-lean Combustion. An optimum Φ of the primary Combustion Zone for low NOx emission was identified, which varied from 1.30 to 1.35 depending on the ammonia fraction. For Φ richer (leaner) than the optimum Φ, NOx emission increased due to an increase in NOx production in the secondary (primary) Combustion Zone. Rich-lean Combustion of CH4 NH3–air emitted less NOx than that of NH3-air because the higher flame speed of CH4 NH3–air mixtures ensured lower NOx production in the secondary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
Hirohide Furutani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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control of nox and other emissions in micro gas turbine combustors fuelled with mixtures of methane and ammonia
Combustion and Flame, 2020Co-Authors: Ekenechukwu C Okafo, Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne, Rattanasupapornsak Ratthana, Akihiro Hayakawa, Taku Kudo, Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki KobayashiAbstract:Abstract Methane–ammonia mixtures have potentials as low-carbon fuels for gas turbines, however significantly high fuel NOx production in their flames present challenges to their application. This study aims to provide deep insight into the physical and chemical processes involved in the formation and control of emissions from the Combustion of CH4 NH3–air with up to 30% ammonia by heat fraction in gas turbine combustors. Hence, laser diagnostics techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) imaging, in addition to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) gas analysis were employed to study the flow field, flame structure and emissions characteristics of a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fuelled with CH4 NH3–air mixtures. The control of emissions from the flames was further studied using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of a model swirl combustor. The results show that NOx emissions from premixed CH4 NH3–air in single-stage Combustion were more than 5000 ppmv at equivalence ratios, Φ = 0.8–1.1, which is about twice more than the values already reported for NH3–air. Trends in NOx emissions correspond with the trends in OH radicals concentration in the combustor owing to the relevance of OH radicals in fuel NOx production. Emissions control leading to significantly low emissions such as 49 ppmv of NOx, 2 ppmv of CO and approximately zero N2O, HCN and NH3 emissions with a 99.8% Combustion efficiency was achieved using rich-lean Combustion. An optimum Φ of the primary Combustion Zone for low NOx emission was identified, which varied from 1.30 to 1.35 depending on the ammonia fraction. For Φ richer (leaner) than the optimum Φ, NOx emission increased due to an increase in NOx production in the secondary (primary) Combustion Zone. Rich-lean Combustion of CH4 NH3–air emitted less NOx than that of NH3-air because the higher flame speed of CH4 NH3–air mixtures ensured lower NOx production in the secondary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.
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performances and emission characteristics of nh3 air and nh3ch4 air Combustion gas turbine power generations
Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2017Co-Authors: Osamu Kurata, Norihiko Iki, Taku Tsujimura, Hirohide Furutani, Hideaki Kobayashi, Takayuki Matsunuma, Takahiro Inoue, Akihiro HayakawaAbstract:Abstract For the first time, NH 3 –air Combustion power generation has been successfully realized using a 50 kW class micro gas turbine system at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan. Based on the global demand for carbon-free power generation as well as recent advances involving gas-turbine technologies, such as heat-regenerative cycles, rapid fuel mixing using strong swirling flows, and NO x reduction using selective catalytic reduction (SCR), allow us to realize NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine system, which was abandoned in the 1960′s. In the present system, the combustor adopted gaseous NH 3 fuel and diffusion Combustion to enhance flame stability. The NH 3 pre-cracking apparatus for Combustion enhancement using generated H 2 was not employed. The NH 3 –air Combustion gas-turbine power generation system can be operated over a wide range of power and rotational speeds, i.e., 18.4 kW to 44.4 kW and 70,000 rpm to 80,000 rpm, respectively. The Combustion efficiency of the NH 3 –air gas turbine ranged from 89% to 96% at 80,000 rpm. The emission of NO and unburnt NH 3 depends on the combustor inlet temperature. Emission data indicates that there are NH 3 fuel-rich and fuel-lean regions in the primary Combustion Zone. It is presumed that unburnt NH 3 is released from the fuel-rich region, while NO is released from the fuel-lean region. When diluted air enters the secondary Combustion Zone, unburnt NH 3 is expected to react with NO through selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR). NH 3 CH 4 –air Combustion operation tests were also performed and the results show that the increase of the NH 3 fuel ratio significantly increases the NO emission, whereas it decreases the NO conversion ratio. To achieve low NO x Combustion in NH 3 –air Combustion gas turbines, it is suggested to burn large quantities of NH 3 fuel and produce both rich and lean fuel mixtures in the primary Combustion Zone.