The Experts below are selected from a list of 31665 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Břetislav Koudela - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits from different farming systems
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Helena Neumayerova, Jana Jurankova, Edita Jeklova, Hana Kudlackova, Martin Faldyna, Kamil Kovařcik, Eva Janova, Břetislav KoudelaAbstract:The breeding of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition mainly in European and Asian countries. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animals health. This study aimed to collect sera from rabbits bred in different conditions and test the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies. Whether infections were active or latent was assessed by determining the occurrence of IgM or IgM together with IgG antibodies which indicated active infection whereas latent infection was characterized by finding IgG antibodies only. An ELISA test was performed with 1883 sera samples collected throughout the Czech and Slovak Republics. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in 902 samples from 6 Commercial Farms (CF) was very low with only 4 rabbits (0.4%) being positive. In total 99 (10.1%) individuals out of 981 samples from 29 household Farms (HF) were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Only 2 (50%) of the T. gondii positive CF rabbits had active infections while the rest were latently infected. The serological results showed that 35 (35.4%) rabbits from the T. gondii positive HF group suffered from active infection. Out of CF samples 185 (20.5%) were positive for E. cuniculi. Antibodies of E. cuniculi were detected in 497 (50.7%) HF rabbits. Active E. cuniculi infections were determined in 85.9% of CF and 56.3% of HF rabbits; respectively. Interestingly, the E. cuniculi positive rabbits were significantly more often positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies in comparison to E. cuniculi negative individuals. Prevalence of T. gondii in CF rabbits was negligible. According to our results meat of HF rabbits still poses a risk of T. gondii infection. Nevertheless, the risk is on its lowest level in 20 years which is apparently caused due to changes in feeding practices. The occurrence of E. cuniculi antibodies was significantly lower in rabbits from Commercial Farms, apparently because of better hygiene conditions.
A M Awad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi and toxoplasma gondii in farmed domestic rabbits in egypt
Zoonoses and Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: K I Ashmawy, Somaia S Abuakkada, A M AwadAbstract:Summary Rabbit sera from ten Commercial Farms representing three provinces in Northern Egypt (Behera, Alexandria and Khafr El-Sheikh) were submitted to serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for Toxoplasma gondii using an indirect hemagglutination test. Antibodies against E. cuniculi were detected in 36/240 (15%) sera examined while antibodies against T. gondii showed a seroprevalence of 22/194 (11.34%). Both infections were detected in all of the examined Farms. These results are of epidemiological relevance and public health importance because of the recognized susceptibility of humans to E. cuniculi and T. gondii infections; therefore, routine screening examinations of farm rabbits are advised considering the zoonotic potential of these parasites.
Phil Garnsworthy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of feeding system on enteric methane emissions from individual dairy cows on Commercial Farms
Land, 2018Co-Authors: Max Eckert, M J Bell, Sarah Potterton, J Craigon, N Saunders, Ruth Wilcox, Morag Hunter, Jennifer Goodman, Phil GarnsworthyAbstract:This study investigated the effects of feeding system on diurnal enteric methane (CH4) emissions from individual cows on Commercial Farms. Data were obtained from 830 cows across 12 Farms, and data collated included production records, CH4 measurements (in the breath of cows using CH4 analysers at robotic milking stations for at least seven days) and diet composition. Cows received either a partial mixed ration (PMR) or a PMR with grazing. A linear mixed model was used to describe variation in CH4 emissions per individual cow and assess the effect of feeding system. Methane emissions followed a consistent diurnal pattern across both feeding systems, with emissions lowest between 05:00 and 08:59, and with a peak concentration between 17:00 and 20:59. No overall difference in emissions was found between feeding systems studied; however, differences were found in the diurnal pattern of CH4 emissions between feeding systems. The response in emissions to increasing dry matter intake was higher for cows fed PMR with grazing. This study showed that repeated spot measurements of CH4 emissions whilst cows are milked can be used to assess the effects of feeding system and potentially benchmark Farms on level of emissions.
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variation in enteric methane emissions among cows on Commercial dairy Farms
Animal, 2014Co-Authors: M J Bell, Sarah Potterton, J Craigon, N Saunders, R H Wilcox, M G Hunter, J R Goodman, Phil GarnsworthyAbstract:Methane (CH4) emissions by dairy cows vary with feed intake and diet composition. Even when fed on the same diet at the same intake, however, variation between cows in CH4 emissions can be substantial. The extent of variation in CH4 emissions among dairy cows on Commercial Farms is unknown, but developments in methodology now permit quantification of CH4 emissions by individual cows under Commercial conditions. The aim of this research was to assess variation among cows in emissions of eructed CH4 during milking on Commercial dairy Farms. Enteric CH4 emissions from 1964 individual cows across 21 Farms were measured for at least 7 days/cow using CH4 analysers at robotic milking stations. Cows were predominantly of Holstein Friesian breed and remained on the same feeding systems during sampling. Effects of explanatory variables on average CH4 emissions per individual cow were assessed by fitting a linear mixed model. Significant effects were found for week of lactation, daily milk yield and farm. The effect of milk yield on CH4 emissions varied among Farms. Considerable variation in CH4 emissions was observed among cows after adjusting for fixed and random effects, with the CV ranging from 22% to 67% within Farms. This study confirms that enteric CH4 emissions vary among cows on Commercial Farms, suggesting that there is considerable scope for selecting individual cows and management systems with reduced emissions.
Helena Neumayerova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and encephalitozoon cuniculi in rabbits from different farming systems
Veterinary Parasitology, 2014Co-Authors: Helena Neumayerova, Jana Jurankova, Edita Jeklova, Hana Kudlackova, Martin Faldyna, Kamil Kovařcik, Eva Janova, Břetislav KoudelaAbstract:The breeding of domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) for human consumption has a long tradition mainly in European and Asian countries. Infections that can affect the production of meat or even be transmitted from animals to humans are important to monitor, especially for public health reasons as well as for their impact on animals health. This study aimed to collect sera from rabbits bred in different conditions and test the presence of Toxoplasma gondii and Encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies. Whether infections were active or latent was assessed by determining the occurrence of IgM or IgM together with IgG antibodies which indicated active infection whereas latent infection was characterized by finding IgG antibodies only. An ELISA test was performed with 1883 sera samples collected throughout the Czech and Slovak Republics. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in 902 samples from 6 Commercial Farms (CF) was very low with only 4 rabbits (0.4%) being positive. In total 99 (10.1%) individuals out of 981 samples from 29 household Farms (HF) were positive for T. gondii antibodies. Only 2 (50%) of the T. gondii positive CF rabbits had active infections while the rest were latently infected. The serological results showed that 35 (35.4%) rabbits from the T. gondii positive HF group suffered from active infection. Out of CF samples 185 (20.5%) were positive for E. cuniculi. Antibodies of E. cuniculi were detected in 497 (50.7%) HF rabbits. Active E. cuniculi infections were determined in 85.9% of CF and 56.3% of HF rabbits; respectively. Interestingly, the E. cuniculi positive rabbits were significantly more often positive for anti-T. gondii antibodies in comparison to E. cuniculi negative individuals. Prevalence of T. gondii in CF rabbits was negligible. According to our results meat of HF rabbits still poses a risk of T. gondii infection. Nevertheless, the risk is on its lowest level in 20 years which is apparently caused due to changes in feeding practices. The occurrence of E. cuniculi antibodies was significantly lower in rabbits from Commercial Farms, apparently because of better hygiene conditions.
K I Ashmawy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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seroprevalence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi and toxoplasma gondii in farmed domestic rabbits in egypt
Zoonoses and Public Health, 2011Co-Authors: K I Ashmawy, Somaia S Abuakkada, A M AwadAbstract:Summary Rabbit sera from ten Commercial Farms representing three provinces in Northern Egypt (Behera, Alexandria and Khafr El-Sheikh) were submitted to serological screening for Encephalitozoon cuniculi using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and for Toxoplasma gondii using an indirect hemagglutination test. Antibodies against E. cuniculi were detected in 36/240 (15%) sera examined while antibodies against T. gondii showed a seroprevalence of 22/194 (11.34%). Both infections were detected in all of the examined Farms. These results are of epidemiological relevance and public health importance because of the recognized susceptibility of humans to E. cuniculi and T. gondii infections; therefore, routine screening examinations of farm rabbits are advised considering the zoonotic potential of these parasites.