The Experts below are selected from a list of 309 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anne Lavergne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A potential robust antiviral defense state in the Common Vampire Bat: Expression, induction and molecular characterization of the three interferon-stimulated genes -OAS1, ADAR1 and PKR
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Stéphanie Dabo, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Vincent Lacoste, Anne LavergneAbstract:Bats are known to harbor many zoonotic viruses, some of which are pathogenic to other mammals while they seem to be harmless in Bats. As the interferon (IFN) response represents the first line of defense against viral infections in mammals, it is hypothesized that activation of the IFN system is one of the mechanisms enabling Bats to co-exist with viruses. We have previously reported induction of type I IFN in a cell line from the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. To deepen our knowledge on D. rotundus’ IFN-I antiviral response, we molecularly characterized three interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), OAS1, PKR and ADAR1, closely implicated in the IFN-I antiviral response, and tested their functionality in our cellular model. We first found that D. rotundus encoded two OAS1 paralogs, OAS1a and OAS1b, and that the functional domains of the four ISGs characterized were highly conserved with those of other mammals. Despite their significant transcription level in the absence of stimulation, the transcription of the four ISGs characterized was enhanced by poly(I:C). In addition, the transcription of OAS1a and OAS1b appears to be differentially regulated. These findings demonstrate an active ISG antiviral response in D. rotundus in which OAS1b may play an important role.
-
how social structure drives the population dynamics of the Common Vampire Bat desmodus rotundus phyllostomidae
Journal of Heredity, 2018Co-Authors: Mailis Huguin, Vincent Lacoste, Nidia Arechigaceballos, Marguerite Delaval, Amandine Guidez, Isai Jorge De Castro, Arielle Salmier, Alvaro Aguilar Setien, Claudia Regina Silva, Anne LavergneAbstract:Social systems are major drivers of population structure and gene flow, with important effects on dynamics and dispersal of associated populations of parasites. Among Bats, the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) has likely one of the most complex social structures. Using autosomal and mitochondrial markers on Vampires from Mexico, French Guiana, and North Brazil, from both roosting and foraging areas, we observed an isolation by distance at the wider scale and lower but significant differentiation between closer populations (<50 km). All populations had a low level of relatedness and showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and a low but significant inbreeding coefficient. The associated heterozygote deficiency was likely related to a Wahlund effect and to cryptic structures, reflecting social groups living in syntopy, both in roosting and foraging areas, with only limited admixture. Discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear markers suggests female philopatry and higher dispersal rates in males, associated with peripheral positions in the groups. Vampires are also the main neotropical reservoir for rabies virus, one of the main lethal pathogens for humans. Female social behaviors and trophallaxis may favor a rapid spread of virus to related and unrelated offspring and females. The high dispersal capacity of males may explain the wider circulation of viruses and the inefficacy of Bat population controls. In such opportunistic species, gene connectivity should be considered for management decision making. Strategies such as culling could induce immigration of Bats from neighboring colonies to fill vacant roosts and feeding areas, associated with the dispersal of viral strains.
-
Development of molecular and cellular tools to decipher the type I IFN pathway of the Common Vampire Bat.
Developmental and comparative immunology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Edith Darcissac, Stéphanie Dabo, Marcel Falk, Laura Chaulet, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Anne Lavergne, Vincent LacosteAbstract:Abstract Though the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, is known as the main rabies virus reservoir in Latin America, no tools are available to investigate its antiviral innate immune system. To characterize the IFN-I pathway, we established an immortalized cell line from a D. rotundus fetal lung named FLuDero. Then we molecularly characterized some of the Toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8 and 9), the three RIG-I-like receptor members, as well as IFNα1 and IFNβ. Challenging the FLuDero cell line with poly (I:C) resulted in an up-regulation of both IFNα1 and IFNβ and the induction of expression of the different pattern recognition receptors characterized. These findings provide evidence of the intact dsRNA recognition machinery and the IFN-I signaling pathway in our cellular model. Herein, we generated a sum of insightful specific molecular and cellular tools that will serve as a useful model to study virus–host interactions of the Common Vampire Bat.
-
Complete Genome Sequence of a Vampire Bat Rabies Virus from French Guiana.
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Anne Lavergne, Edith Darcissac, Hervé Bourhy, Sourakhata Tirera, Benoît De Thoisy, Vincent LacosteAbstract:A rabies virus was detected in a Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) in French Guiana. Its genomic sequence was obtained and found to be closely related to other hematophagous Bat-related viruses that widely circulate in the northern Amazon region. This virus is named AT6.
Gerald G Carter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
non kin adoption in the Common Vampire Bat
Royal Society Open Science, 2021Co-Authors: Gerald G Carter, Imran Razik, Bridget K G Brown, Rachel A PageAbstract:Individual animals across many different species occasionally ‘adopt’ unrelated, orphaned offspring. Although adoption may be best explained as a by-product of adaptive traits that enhance parental...
-
a method for rapid testing of social learning in Vampire Bats
Royal Society Open Science, 2018Co-Authors: Julia K Vrtilek, Gerald G Carter, Rachel A Page, Krista J Patriquin, John M RatcliffeAbstract:Designing experiments on social learning using an untested behaviour or species requires baseline knowledge of how the animals will perform. We conducted a pilot study of a procedure for rapidly testing social learning in the highly social Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) using a simple maze. To create demonstrators, we allowed captive Bats to learn to exit a three-dimensional maze, which reunited them with their colony as a reward. We then filmed naive Bats in the same maze, comparing their ability to exit the maze before, during and after the addition of a trained demonstrator. The presence of a demonstrator increased the exit rates of naive Bats, presumably by attracting the attention of the naive Bats to the maze exit. Four of the five naive Bats that exited in the presence of a demonstrator retained the ability to exit without the demonstrator. No naive Bat exited during trials without a potential demonstrator present. This experimental procedure appears to be a promising approach for efficient tests of social learning in Vampire Bats because maze difficulty can be manipulated to adjust learning rates and each trial requires only 15 min.
-
younger Vampire Bats desmodus rotundus are more likely than adults to explore novel objects
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Gerald G Carter, Rachel A Page, Sofia Forss, John M RatcliffeAbstract:The effects of age on neophobia and exploration are best described in birds and primates, and broader comparisons require reports from other taxa. Here we present data showing age-dependent exploration in a long-lived social species, the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus). A previous study found that Vampire Bats regurgitated food to partners trapped in a cage. Interestingly, while only a few adult Bats visited the trapped Bat, in every trial all or most of the eight young males in the colony would visit the trapped Bat without feeding it. To test whether this behavioral difference resulted from age class differences in exploration, we compared responses of the Bats to a trapped conspecific versus an inanimate novel object. Some adults and young showed interest in trapped conspecifics, but only the young males explored the novel objects. Additional novel object tests in a second captive colony showed that higher rates of novel object exploration were shown by young of both sexes. Our results corroborate past findings from other mammals and birds that age predicts exploration. If age-dependent exploration is indeed adaptive, then the role of age as a predictor of exploration tendency should depend on species-specific life history traits. Finally, because younger Vampire Bats also appear to have higher exposure to pathogens such as rabies virus, there may be implications for pathogen transmission if younger and more exploratory Vampire Bats are more likely to feed on novel hosts.
-
Common Vampire Bat contact calls attract past food sharing partners
Animal Behaviour, 2016Co-Authors: Gerald G Carter, Gerald S WilkinsonAbstract:Animals living with kin and nonkin should make social decisions based on the consequences for both direct and indirect fitness. Common Vampire Bats, Desmodus rotundus, invest in stable cooperative relationships that benefit both components of inclusive fitness. To disentangle these two factors, we conducted two types of playback trials using a captive group of familiar Common Vampire Bats with mixed kinship and varying rates of dyadic food sharing. We presented each subject with two speakers, playing contact calls from two different familiar conspecifics. In ‘past donor trials’, 15 Vampire Bats chose between calls recorded from either a frequent or rare food donor, but both callers were related to a similar degree with the subject. In ‘kinship trials’, 31 Vampire Bats chose between calls recorded from either a close or distant relative, but both callers were matched for food-sharing history with the subject. We found that Vampire Bats were attracted to contact calls of frequent food donors when controlling for kinship, but not to calls of kin when controlling for food-sharing history. Responses and acoustic analyses suggested that Bats recognized individuals from vocalizations. These results corroborate past findings that prior food sharing can overshadow relatedness in determining the social decisions of Vampire Bats. Common Vampire Bat contact calls allow food-sharing partners to recognize and find each other at a distance, which likely enables them to switch roosts together in the wild.
-
intranasal oxytocin increases social grooming and food sharing in the Common Vampire Bat desmodus rotundus
Hormones and Behavior, 2015Co-Authors: Gerald G Carter, Gerald S WilkinsonAbstract:Intranasal oxytocin (OT) delivery has been used to non-invasively manipulate mammalian cooperative behavior. Such manipulations can potentially provide insight into both shared and species-specific mechanisms underlying cooperation. Vampire Bats are remarkable for their high rates of allogrooming and the presence of regurgitated food sharing among adults. We administered intranasal OT to highly familiar captive Vampire Bats of varying relatedness to test for an effect on allogrooming and food sharing. We found that intranasal OT did not have a detectable effect on food-sharing occurrence, but it did increase the size of regurgitated food donations when controlling for dyad and amount of allogrooming. Intranasal OT in females increased the amount of allogrooming per partner and across all partners per trial, but not the number of partners. We also found that the peak effect of OT treatments occurred 30-50min after administration, which is consistent with the reported latency for intranasal OT to affect relevant brain areas in rats and mice. Our results suggest that intranasal OT is a potential tool for influencing dyadic cooperative investments, but measuring prior social relationships may be necessary to interpret the results of hormonal manipulations of cooperative behavior and it may be difficult to alter partner choice in Vampire Bats using intranasal OT alone.
Vincent Lacoste - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A potential robust antiviral defense state in the Common Vampire Bat: Expression, induction and molecular characterization of the three interferon-stimulated genes -OAS1, ADAR1 and PKR
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Stéphanie Dabo, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Vincent Lacoste, Anne LavergneAbstract:Bats are known to harbor many zoonotic viruses, some of which are pathogenic to other mammals while they seem to be harmless in Bats. As the interferon (IFN) response represents the first line of defense against viral infections in mammals, it is hypothesized that activation of the IFN system is one of the mechanisms enabling Bats to co-exist with viruses. We have previously reported induction of type I IFN in a cell line from the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. To deepen our knowledge on D. rotundus’ IFN-I antiviral response, we molecularly characterized three interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), OAS1, PKR and ADAR1, closely implicated in the IFN-I antiviral response, and tested their functionality in our cellular model. We first found that D. rotundus encoded two OAS1 paralogs, OAS1a and OAS1b, and that the functional domains of the four ISGs characterized were highly conserved with those of other mammals. Despite their significant transcription level in the absence of stimulation, the transcription of the four ISGs characterized was enhanced by poly(I:C). In addition, the transcription of OAS1a and OAS1b appears to be differentially regulated. These findings demonstrate an active ISG antiviral response in D. rotundus in which OAS1b may play an important role.
-
how social structure drives the population dynamics of the Common Vampire Bat desmodus rotundus phyllostomidae
Journal of Heredity, 2018Co-Authors: Mailis Huguin, Vincent Lacoste, Nidia Arechigaceballos, Marguerite Delaval, Amandine Guidez, Isai Jorge De Castro, Arielle Salmier, Alvaro Aguilar Setien, Claudia Regina Silva, Anne LavergneAbstract:Social systems are major drivers of population structure and gene flow, with important effects on dynamics and dispersal of associated populations of parasites. Among Bats, the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) has likely one of the most complex social structures. Using autosomal and mitochondrial markers on Vampires from Mexico, French Guiana, and North Brazil, from both roosting and foraging areas, we observed an isolation by distance at the wider scale and lower but significant differentiation between closer populations (<50 km). All populations had a low level of relatedness and showed deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and a low but significant inbreeding coefficient. The associated heterozygote deficiency was likely related to a Wahlund effect and to cryptic structures, reflecting social groups living in syntopy, both in roosting and foraging areas, with only limited admixture. Discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear markers suggests female philopatry and higher dispersal rates in males, associated with peripheral positions in the groups. Vampires are also the main neotropical reservoir for rabies virus, one of the main lethal pathogens for humans. Female social behaviors and trophallaxis may favor a rapid spread of virus to related and unrelated offspring and females. The high dispersal capacity of males may explain the wider circulation of viruses and the inefficacy of Bat population controls. In such opportunistic species, gene connectivity should be considered for management decision making. Strategies such as culling could induce immigration of Bats from neighboring colonies to fill vacant roosts and feeding areas, associated with the dispersal of viral strains.
-
Development of molecular and cellular tools to decipher the type I IFN pathway of the Common Vampire Bat.
Developmental and comparative immunology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Edith Darcissac, Stéphanie Dabo, Marcel Falk, Laura Chaulet, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Anne Lavergne, Vincent LacosteAbstract:Abstract Though the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, is known as the main rabies virus reservoir in Latin America, no tools are available to investigate its antiviral innate immune system. To characterize the IFN-I pathway, we established an immortalized cell line from a D. rotundus fetal lung named FLuDero. Then we molecularly characterized some of the Toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8 and 9), the three RIG-I-like receptor members, as well as IFNα1 and IFNβ. Challenging the FLuDero cell line with poly (I:C) resulted in an up-regulation of both IFNα1 and IFNβ and the induction of expression of the different pattern recognition receptors characterized. These findings provide evidence of the intact dsRNA recognition machinery and the IFN-I signaling pathway in our cellular model. Herein, we generated a sum of insightful specific molecular and cellular tools that will serve as a useful model to study virus–host interactions of the Common Vampire Bat.
-
Complete Genome Sequence of a Vampire Bat Rabies Virus from French Guiana.
Genome Announcements, 2016Co-Authors: Anne Lavergne, Edith Darcissac, Hervé Bourhy, Sourakhata Tirera, Benoît De Thoisy, Vincent LacosteAbstract:A rabies virus was detected in a Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) in French Guiana. Its genomic sequence was obtained and found to be closely related to other hematophagous Bat-related viruses that widely circulate in the northern Amazon region. This virus is named AT6.
Sarkis Sarkis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
A potential robust antiviral defense state in the Common Vampire Bat: Expression, induction and molecular characterization of the three interferon-stimulated genes -OAS1, ADAR1 and PKR
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Stéphanie Dabo, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Vincent Lacoste, Anne LavergneAbstract:Bats are known to harbor many zoonotic viruses, some of which are pathogenic to other mammals while they seem to be harmless in Bats. As the interferon (IFN) response represents the first line of defense against viral infections in mammals, it is hypothesized that activation of the IFN system is one of the mechanisms enabling Bats to co-exist with viruses. We have previously reported induction of type I IFN in a cell line from the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. To deepen our knowledge on D. rotundus’ IFN-I antiviral response, we molecularly characterized three interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), OAS1, PKR and ADAR1, closely implicated in the IFN-I antiviral response, and tested their functionality in our cellular model. We first found that D. rotundus encoded two OAS1 paralogs, OAS1a and OAS1b, and that the functional domains of the four ISGs characterized were highly conserved with those of other mammals. Despite their significant transcription level in the absence of stimulation, the transcription of the four ISGs characterized was enhanced by poly(I:C). In addition, the transcription of OAS1a and OAS1b appears to be differentially regulated. These findings demonstrate an active ISG antiviral response in D. rotundus in which OAS1b may play an important role.
-
A potential robust antiviral defense state in the Common Vampire Bat: Expression, induction and molecular characterization of the three interferon-stimulated genes -OAS1, ADAR1 and PKR
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Lise Marie-claude, Dabo Stéphanie, Neuveut Christine, Meurs Eliane, Lacoste Vincent, Lavergne AnneAbstract:International audienceBats are known to harbor many zoonotic viruses, some of which are pathogenic to other mammals while they seem to be harmless in Bats. As the interferon (IFN) response represents the first line of defense against viral infections in mammals, it is hypothesized that activation of the IFN system is one of the mechanisms enabling Bats to co-exist with viruses. We have previously reported induction of type I IFN in a cell line from the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, upon polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) stimulation. To deepen our knowledge on D. rotundus’ IFN-I antiviral response, we molecularly characterized three interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), OAS1, PKR and ADAR1, closely implicated in the IFN-I antiviral response, and tested their functionality in our cellular model. We first found that D. rotundus encoded two OAS1 paralogs, OAS1a and OAS1b, and that the functional domains of the four ISGs characterized were highly conserved with those of other mammals. Despite their significant transcription level in the absence of stimulation, the transcription of the four ISGs characterized was enhanced by poly(I:C). In addition, the transcription of OAS1a and OAS1b appears to be differentially regulated. These findings demonstrate an active ISG antiviral response in D. rotundus in which OAS1b may play an important role
-
Development of molecular and cellular tools to decipher the type I IFN pathway of the Common Vampire Bat.
Developmental and comparative immunology, 2017Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Marie-claude Lise, Edith Darcissac, Stéphanie Dabo, Marcel Falk, Laura Chaulet, Christine Neuveut, Eliane Meurs, Anne Lavergne, Vincent LacosteAbstract:Abstract Though the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, is known as the main rabies virus reservoir in Latin America, no tools are available to investigate its antiviral innate immune system. To characterize the IFN-I pathway, we established an immortalized cell line from a D. rotundus fetal lung named FLuDero. Then we molecularly characterized some of the Toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8 and 9), the three RIG-I-like receptor members, as well as IFNα1 and IFNβ. Challenging the FLuDero cell line with poly (I:C) resulted in an up-regulation of both IFNα1 and IFNβ and the induction of expression of the different pattern recognition receptors characterized. These findings provide evidence of the intact dsRNA recognition machinery and the IFN-I signaling pathway in our cellular model. Herein, we generated a sum of insightful specific molecular and cellular tools that will serve as a useful model to study virus–host interactions of the Common Vampire Bat.
-
Development of molecular and cellular tools to decipher the type I IFN pathway of the Common Vampire Bat
'Elsevier BV', 2017Co-Authors: Sarkis Sarkis, Lise Marie-claude, Darcissac Edith, Dabo Stéphanie, Falk Marcel, Chaulet Laura, Neuveut Christine, Meurs Eliane, Lavergne Anne, Lacoste VincentAbstract:International audienceThough the Common Vampire Bat, Desmodus rotundus, is known as the main rabies virus reservoir in Latin America, no tools are available to investigate its antiviral innate immune system. To characterize the IFN-I pathway, we established an immortalized cell line from a D. rotundus fetal lung named FLuDero. Then we molecularly characterized some of the Toll-like receptors (TLR3, 7, 8 and 9), the three RIG-I-like receptor members, as well as IFNa1 and IFNb. Challenging the FLuDero cell line with poly (I:C) resulted in an up-regulation of both IFNa1 and IFNb and the induction of expression of the different pattern recognition receptors characterized. These findings provide evidence of the intact dsRNA recognition machinery and the IFN-I signaling pathway in our cellular model. Herein, we generated a sum of insightful specific molecular and cellular tools that will serve as a useful model to study virusehost interactions of the Common Vampire Bat
John M Ratcliffe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a method for rapid testing of social learning in Vampire Bats
Royal Society Open Science, 2018Co-Authors: Julia K Vrtilek, Gerald G Carter, Rachel A Page, Krista J Patriquin, John M RatcliffeAbstract:Designing experiments on social learning using an untested behaviour or species requires baseline knowledge of how the animals will perform. We conducted a pilot study of a procedure for rapidly testing social learning in the highly social Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) using a simple maze. To create demonstrators, we allowed captive Bats to learn to exit a three-dimensional maze, which reunited them with their colony as a reward. We then filmed naive Bats in the same maze, comparing their ability to exit the maze before, during and after the addition of a trained demonstrator. The presence of a demonstrator increased the exit rates of naive Bats, presumably by attracting the attention of the naive Bats to the maze exit. Four of the five naive Bats that exited in the presence of a demonstrator retained the ability to exit without the demonstrator. No naive Bat exited during trials without a potential demonstrator present. This experimental procedure appears to be a promising approach for efficient tests of social learning in Vampire Bats because maze difficulty can be manipulated to adjust learning rates and each trial requires only 15 min.
-
younger Vampire Bats desmodus rotundus are more likely than adults to explore novel objects
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Gerald G Carter, Rachel A Page, Sofia Forss, John M RatcliffeAbstract:The effects of age on neophobia and exploration are best described in birds and primates, and broader comparisons require reports from other taxa. Here we present data showing age-dependent exploration in a long-lived social species, the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus). A previous study found that Vampire Bats regurgitated food to partners trapped in a cage. Interestingly, while only a few adult Bats visited the trapped Bat, in every trial all or most of the eight young males in the colony would visit the trapped Bat without feeding it. To test whether this behavioral difference resulted from age class differences in exploration, we compared responses of the Bats to a trapped conspecific versus an inanimate novel object. Some adults and young showed interest in trapped conspecifics, but only the young males explored the novel objects. Additional novel object tests in a second captive colony showed that higher rates of novel object exploration were shown by young of both sexes. Our results corroborate past findings from other mammals and birds that age predicts exploration. If age-dependent exploration is indeed adaptive, then the role of age as a predictor of exploration tendency should depend on species-specific life history traits. Finally, because younger Vampire Bats also appear to have higher exposure to pathogens such as rabies virus, there may be implications for pathogen transmission if younger and more exploratory Vampire Bats are more likely to feed on novel hosts.