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Vu Sinh Nam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community based control of aedes aegypti by using mesocyclops in southern vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Hoang Minh Duc, Vu Trong Thang, Le Hoang San, Luu Le Loan, Vu Thi Que Huong, Ly Huynh Kim Khanh, Huynh Trang, Leonie Z Y LamAbstract:We previously reported a new community-based mosquito control strategy that resulted in elimination of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) in 40 of 46 Communes in northern and central Vietnam, and with annual recurrent total costs (direct and indirect) of only $0.28-$0.89 international dollars per person. This control strategy was extended to four provinces in southern Vietnam in Long An and Hau Giang (2004-2007) and to Long An, Ben Tre, and Vinh Long (2005- 2010). In a total of 14 Communes with 124,743 residents, the mean ± SD of adult female Ae. aegypti was reduced from 0.93 ± 0.62 to 0.06 ± 0.09, and the reduction of immature Ae. aegypti averaged 98.8%. By the final survey, no adults could be collected in 6 of 14 Communes, and one Commune, Binh Thanh, also had no immature forms. Although the community- based programs also involved community education and clean-up campaigns, the prevalence of Mesocyclops in large water storage containers > 50 liters increased from 12.77 ± 8.39 to 75.69 ± 9.17% over periods of 15-45 months. At the conclusion of the study, no confirmed dengue cases were detected in four of the five Communes for which diagnostic serologic analysis was performed. The rate of progress was faster in Communes that were added in stages to the program but the reason for this finding was unclear. At the completion of the formal project, sustainability funds were set up to provide each Commune with the financial means to ensure that community-based dengue control activities continued.
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new strategy against aedes aegypti in vietnam
The Lancet, 2005Co-Authors: Brian H. Kay, Vu Sinh NamAbstract:The container-breeding mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is the major global vector of dengue viruses, causing around 50 million infections annually. We have developed a mosquito control strategy, incorporating four elements: (1) a combined vertical and horizontal approach that depends on community understanding; (2) prioritised control according to the larval productivity of major habitat types; (3) use of predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops as a biological control agent; delivered by (4) community activities of health volunteers, schools, and the public. We have previously reported that, from 1998 to 2003, community-based vector control had resulted in A aegypti elimination in six of nine Communes, with only small numbers of larvae detected in the others. Here, we report eradication in two further Communes and, as a result of local expansion after the project in three northern provinces, elimination from 32 of 37 Communes (309 730 people). As a result, no dengue cases have been detected in any Commune since 2002. These findings suggest that this strategy is sustainable in Vietnam and applicable where the major sources of A aegypti are large water storage containers.
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elimination of dengue by community programs using mesocyclops copepoda against aedes aegypti in central vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Le Quyen Mai, Le Trung Nghia, Ahmet Bektas, Alistair Briscombe, John Aaskov, Peter A RyanAbstract:From September 2000 to June 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops was conducted in three rural Communes in the central Vietnam provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Khanh Hoa. Post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until March 2004. The number of households and residents in the Communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these Communes from 1996 were as high as 2,418.5 per 100,000 persons. Following knowledge, attitude, and practice evaluations, surveys of water storage containers indicated that Mesocyclops spp. already occurred in 3-17% and that large tanks up to 2,000 liters, 130-300-liter jars, wells, and some 220-liter metal drums were the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti. With technical support, the programs were driven by communal management committees, health collaborators, schoolteachers, and pupils. From quantitative estimates of the standing crop of third and fourth instars from 100 households, Ae. aegypti were reduced by approximately 90% by year 1, 92.3-98.6% by year 2, and Ae. aegypti immature forms had been eliminated from two of three Communes by June 2003. Similarly, from resting adult collections from 100 households, densities were reduced to 0-1 per Commune. By March 2004, two Communes with no larvae had small numbers but the third was negative; one adult was collected in each of two Communes while one became negative. Absolute estimates of third and fourth instars at the three intervention Communes and one left untreated had significant correlations (P = 0.009-< 0.001) with numbers of adults aspirated from inside houses on each of 15 survey periods. By year 1, the incidence of dengue disease in the treated Communes was reduced by 76.7% compared with non-intervention Communes within the same districts, and no dengue was evident in 2002 and 2003, compared with 112.8 and 14.4 cases per 100,000 at district level. Since we had similar success in northern Vietnam from 1998 to 2000, this study demonstrates that this control model is broadly acceptable and achievable at community level but vigilance is required post-project to prevent reinfestation.
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control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops copepoda and community based methods validated by entomologic clinical and serological surveillance
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2002Co-Authors: Brian H. Kay, Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Ahmet Bektas, Tran Van Tien, Vu Thi Bich Diep, John AaskovAbstract:We describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), in 6 Communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of Haiphong, Hung Yen, and Nam Dinh in Vietnam. The Communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. These were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of Ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local Mesocyclops, mainly M. woutersi Van der Velde, M. aspericornis (Daday) and M. thermocyclopoides Harada. Knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys were performed to determine whether the communities viewed dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever as a serious health threat; to determine their knowledge of the etiology, attitudes, and practices regarding control methods including Mesocyclops; and to determine their receptivity to various information methods. On the basis of the knowledge, attitude, and practice data, the community-based dengue control program comprised a system of local leaders, health volunteer teachers, and schoolchildren, supported by health professionals. Recycling of discards for economic gain was enhanced, where appropriate, and this, plus 37 clean-up campaigns, removed small containers unsuitable for Mesocyclops treatment. A previously successful eradication at Phan Boi village (Hung Yen province) was extended to 7 other villages forming Di Su Commune (1,750 households) in the current study. Complete control was also achieved in Nghia Hiep (Hung Yen province) and in Xuan Phong (Nam Dinh province); control efficacy was > or = 99.7% in the other 3 Communes (Lac Vien in Haiphong, Nghia Dong, and Xuan Kien in Nam Dinh). Although tanks and wells were the key container types of Ae. aegypti productivity, discarded materials were the source of 51% of the standing crop of Ae. albopictus. Aedes albopictus larvae were eliminated from the 3 Nam Dinh Communes, and 86-98% control was achieved in the other 3 Communes. Variable dengue attack rates made the clinical and serological comparison of control and untreated Communes problematic, but these data indicate that clinical surveillance by itself is inadequate to monitor dengue transmission.
Nguyen Thi Yen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community based control of aedes aegypti by using mesocyclops in southern vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2012Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Hoang Minh Duc, Vu Trong Thang, Le Hoang San, Luu Le Loan, Vu Thi Que Huong, Ly Huynh Kim Khanh, Huynh Trang, Leonie Z Y LamAbstract:We previously reported a new community-based mosquito control strategy that resulted in elimination of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) in 40 of 46 Communes in northern and central Vietnam, and with annual recurrent total costs (direct and indirect) of only $0.28-$0.89 international dollars per person. This control strategy was extended to four provinces in southern Vietnam in Long An and Hau Giang (2004-2007) and to Long An, Ben Tre, and Vinh Long (2005- 2010). In a total of 14 Communes with 124,743 residents, the mean ± SD of adult female Ae. aegypti was reduced from 0.93 ± 0.62 to 0.06 ± 0.09, and the reduction of immature Ae. aegypti averaged 98.8%. By the final survey, no adults could be collected in 6 of 14 Communes, and one Commune, Binh Thanh, also had no immature forms. Although the community- based programs also involved community education and clean-up campaigns, the prevalence of Mesocyclops in large water storage containers > 50 liters increased from 12.77 ± 8.39 to 75.69 ± 9.17% over periods of 15-45 months. At the conclusion of the study, no confirmed dengue cases were detected in four of the five Communes for which diagnostic serologic analysis was performed. The rate of progress was faster in Communes that were added in stages to the program but the reason for this finding was unclear. At the completion of the formal project, sustainability funds were set up to provide each Commune with the financial means to ensure that community-based dengue control activities continued.
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elimination of dengue by community programs using mesocyclops copepoda against aedes aegypti in central vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Le Quyen Mai, Le Trung Nghia, Ahmet Bektas, Alistair Briscombe, John Aaskov, Peter A RyanAbstract:From September 2000 to June 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops was conducted in three rural Communes in the central Vietnam provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Khanh Hoa. Post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until March 2004. The number of households and residents in the Communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these Communes from 1996 were as high as 2,418.5 per 100,000 persons. Following knowledge, attitude, and practice evaluations, surveys of water storage containers indicated that Mesocyclops spp. already occurred in 3-17% and that large tanks up to 2,000 liters, 130-300-liter jars, wells, and some 220-liter metal drums were the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti. With technical support, the programs were driven by communal management committees, health collaborators, schoolteachers, and pupils. From quantitative estimates of the standing crop of third and fourth instars from 100 households, Ae. aegypti were reduced by approximately 90% by year 1, 92.3-98.6% by year 2, and Ae. aegypti immature forms had been eliminated from two of three Communes by June 2003. Similarly, from resting adult collections from 100 households, densities were reduced to 0-1 per Commune. By March 2004, two Communes with no larvae had small numbers but the third was negative; one adult was collected in each of two Communes while one became negative. Absolute estimates of third and fourth instars at the three intervention Communes and one left untreated had significant correlations (P = 0.009-< 0.001) with numbers of adults aspirated from inside houses on each of 15 survey periods. By year 1, the incidence of dengue disease in the treated Communes was reduced by 76.7% compared with non-intervention Communes within the same districts, and no dengue was evident in 2002 and 2003, compared with 112.8 and 14.4 cases per 100,000 at district level. Since we had similar success in northern Vietnam from 1998 to 2000, this study demonstrates that this control model is broadly acceptable and achievable at community level but vigilance is required post-project to prevent reinfestation.
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control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops copepoda and community based methods validated by entomologic clinical and serological surveillance
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2002Co-Authors: Brian H. Kay, Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Ahmet Bektas, Tran Van Tien, Vu Thi Bich Diep, John AaskovAbstract:We describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), in 6 Communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of Haiphong, Hung Yen, and Nam Dinh in Vietnam. The Communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. These were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of Ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local Mesocyclops, mainly M. woutersi Van der Velde, M. aspericornis (Daday) and M. thermocyclopoides Harada. Knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys were performed to determine whether the communities viewed dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever as a serious health threat; to determine their knowledge of the etiology, attitudes, and practices regarding control methods including Mesocyclops; and to determine their receptivity to various information methods. On the basis of the knowledge, attitude, and practice data, the community-based dengue control program comprised a system of local leaders, health volunteer teachers, and schoolchildren, supported by health professionals. Recycling of discards for economic gain was enhanced, where appropriate, and this, plus 37 clean-up campaigns, removed small containers unsuitable for Mesocyclops treatment. A previously successful eradication at Phan Boi village (Hung Yen province) was extended to 7 other villages forming Di Su Commune (1,750 households) in the current study. Complete control was also achieved in Nghia Hiep (Hung Yen province) and in Xuan Phong (Nam Dinh province); control efficacy was > or = 99.7% in the other 3 Communes (Lac Vien in Haiphong, Nghia Dong, and Xuan Kien in Nam Dinh). Although tanks and wells were the key container types of Ae. aegypti productivity, discarded materials were the source of 51% of the standing crop of Ae. albopictus. Aedes albopictus larvae were eliminated from the 3 Nam Dinh Communes, and 86-98% control was achieved in the other 3 Communes. Variable dengue attack rates made the clinical and serological comparison of control and untreated Communes problematic, but these data indicate that clinical surveillance by itself is inadequate to monitor dengue transmission.
John Aaskov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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elimination of dengue by community programs using mesocyclops copepoda against aedes aegypti in central vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Le Quyen Mai, Le Trung Nghia, Ahmet Bektas, Alistair Briscombe, John Aaskov, Peter A RyanAbstract:From September 2000 to June 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops was conducted in three rural Communes in the central Vietnam provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Khanh Hoa. Post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until March 2004. The number of households and residents in the Communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these Communes from 1996 were as high as 2,418.5 per 100,000 persons. Following knowledge, attitude, and practice evaluations, surveys of water storage containers indicated that Mesocyclops spp. already occurred in 3-17% and that large tanks up to 2,000 liters, 130-300-liter jars, wells, and some 220-liter metal drums were the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti. With technical support, the programs were driven by communal management committees, health collaborators, schoolteachers, and pupils. From quantitative estimates of the standing crop of third and fourth instars from 100 households, Ae. aegypti were reduced by approximately 90% by year 1, 92.3-98.6% by year 2, and Ae. aegypti immature forms had been eliminated from two of three Communes by June 2003. Similarly, from resting adult collections from 100 households, densities were reduced to 0-1 per Commune. By March 2004, two Communes with no larvae had small numbers but the third was negative; one adult was collected in each of two Communes while one became negative. Absolute estimates of third and fourth instars at the three intervention Communes and one left untreated had significant correlations (P = 0.009-< 0.001) with numbers of adults aspirated from inside houses on each of 15 survey periods. By year 1, the incidence of dengue disease in the treated Communes was reduced by 76.7% compared with non-intervention Communes within the same districts, and no dengue was evident in 2002 and 2003, compared with 112.8 and 14.4 cases per 100,000 at district level. Since we had similar success in northern Vietnam from 1998 to 2000, this study demonstrates that this control model is broadly acceptable and achievable at community level but vigilance is required post-project to prevent reinfestation.
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control of aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of vietnam by use of mesocyclops copepoda and community based methods validated by entomologic clinical and serological surveillance
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2002Co-Authors: Brian H. Kay, Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Ahmet Bektas, Tran Van Tien, Vu Thi Bich Diep, John AaskovAbstract:We describe remarkable success in controlling dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), in 6 Communes with 11,675 households and 49,647 people in the northern provinces of Haiphong, Hung Yen, and Nam Dinh in Vietnam. The Communes were selected for high-frequency use of large outdoor concrete tanks and wells. These were found to be the source of 49.6-98.4% of Ae. aegypti larvae, which were amenable to treatment with local Mesocyclops, mainly M. woutersi Van der Velde, M. aspericornis (Daday) and M. thermocyclopoides Harada. Knowledge, attitude, and practice surveys were performed to determine whether the communities viewed dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever as a serious health threat; to determine their knowledge of the etiology, attitudes, and practices regarding control methods including Mesocyclops; and to determine their receptivity to various information methods. On the basis of the knowledge, attitude, and practice data, the community-based dengue control program comprised a system of local leaders, health volunteer teachers, and schoolchildren, supported by health professionals. Recycling of discards for economic gain was enhanced, where appropriate, and this, plus 37 clean-up campaigns, removed small containers unsuitable for Mesocyclops treatment. A previously successful eradication at Phan Boi village (Hung Yen province) was extended to 7 other villages forming Di Su Commune (1,750 households) in the current study. Complete control was also achieved in Nghia Hiep (Hung Yen province) and in Xuan Phong (Nam Dinh province); control efficacy was > or = 99.7% in the other 3 Communes (Lac Vien in Haiphong, Nghia Dong, and Xuan Kien in Nam Dinh). Although tanks and wells were the key container types of Ae. aegypti productivity, discarded materials were the source of 51% of the standing crop of Ae. albopictus. Aedes albopictus larvae were eliminated from the 3 Nam Dinh Communes, and 86-98% control was achieved in the other 3 Communes. Variable dengue attack rates made the clinical and serological comparison of control and untreated Communes problematic, but these data indicate that clinical surveillance by itself is inadequate to monitor dengue transmission.
Michael J Dibley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative quality of private and public health services in rural vietnam
Health Policy and Planning, 2005Co-Authors: Tran Tuan, Van Thi Mai Dung, Ingo Neu, Michael J DibleyAbstract:Methods: A community-based survey was conducted in 30 of the 160 Communes in Hung Yen, which were selected by probability proportional to population size (PPS) sampling. All Commune health centres (CHCs) and private health care providers in the selected Communes were surveyed on human resources, services provided, availability of medical equipment and pharmaceuticals, knowledge and clinical performance for acute and chronic problems. Patient satisfaction and cost of care associated with recent illness were measured using a random household survey covering 30 households from each of the selected Communes. Results: There were 11.5 private providers per 10000 population, compared with 6.7 public providers per 10000. A quarter of private providers were employees of the public health sector. Less than 20% of the private providers had registered their practice with the government system. Eleven per cent (26/234) had no professional qualifications. Fifty-eight per cent (135/234) provided treatment as well as selling medications. Public sector infrastructure was superior to that of the private providers. The quality of services provided by public providers was poor but significantly better than that of private providers. Patient satisfaction and costs of care were similar between the two groups. Conclusions: Private providers are successfully competing with the public health centre system in rural areas but not because they provide cheaper or better services. The quality of private health care services is not controlled and is significantly poorer than public services. Current practice in both systems falls below the national standard, especially for the management of chronic health problems. The low quality of health care services at a community level may help explain the previously observed phenomena of high levels of self-medicating, low utilization of Commune health centres and overutilization of tertiary health care facilities.
Peter A Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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elimination of dengue by community programs using mesocyclops copepoda against aedes aegypti in central vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2005Co-Authors: Vu Sinh Nam, Nguyen Thi Yen, Tran Vu Phong, Truong Uyen Ninh, Le Quyen Mai, Le Trung Nghia, Ahmet Bektas, Alistair Briscombe, John Aaskov, Peter A RyanAbstract:From September 2000 to June 2003, a community-based program for dengue control using local predacious copepods of the genus Mesocyclops was conducted in three rural Communes in the central Vietnam provinces of Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, and Khanh Hoa. Post-project, three subsequent entomologic surveys were conducted until March 2004. The number of households and residents in the Communes were 5,913 and 27,167, respectively, and dengue notification rates for these Communes from 1996 were as high as 2,418.5 per 100,000 persons. Following knowledge, attitude, and practice evaluations, surveys of water storage containers indicated that Mesocyclops spp. already occurred in 3-17% and that large tanks up to 2,000 liters, 130-300-liter jars, wells, and some 220-liter metal drums were the most productive habitats for Aedes aegypti. With technical support, the programs were driven by communal management committees, health collaborators, schoolteachers, and pupils. From quantitative estimates of the standing crop of third and fourth instars from 100 households, Ae. aegypti were reduced by approximately 90% by year 1, 92.3-98.6% by year 2, and Ae. aegypti immature forms had been eliminated from two of three Communes by June 2003. Similarly, from resting adult collections from 100 households, densities were reduced to 0-1 per Commune. By March 2004, two Communes with no larvae had small numbers but the third was negative; one adult was collected in each of two Communes while one became negative. Absolute estimates of third and fourth instars at the three intervention Communes and one left untreated had significant correlations (P = 0.009-< 0.001) with numbers of adults aspirated from inside houses on each of 15 survey periods. By year 1, the incidence of dengue disease in the treated Communes was reduced by 76.7% compared with non-intervention Communes within the same districts, and no dengue was evident in 2002 and 2003, compared with 112.8 and 14.4 cases per 100,000 at district level. Since we had similar success in northern Vietnam from 1998 to 2000, this study demonstrates that this control model is broadly acceptable and achievable at community level but vigilance is required post-project to prevent reinfestation.
