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Eva Plach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hurrah revolutionaries the polish canadian Communist Movement 1918 1948 by patryk polec review
Canadian journal of history, 2016Co-Authors: Eva PlachAbstract:Hurrah Revolutionaries: The Polish Canadian Communist Movement, 1918-1948, by Patryk Polec. Montreal & Kingston, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2015. xxii, 301 pp. $34.95 Cdn (paper). Patryk Polec has written a very interesting book that tells many stories simultaneously. Hurrah Revolutionaries is about one part of the radical left in Canada during the first half of the twentieth century. It is also a history of Polish immigration to Canada, of Polish immigrants' political, cultural and social lives, and of the changing relationship between nationalist identity and political ideology. Polec's specific focus within this ambitious project is the Polish Communist Movement in Canada--first known as the Polish Workers' and Farmers' Association when it was first established in Winnipeg in 1931, and then as the Polish People's Association in 1936 when the name was changed. Polec explores the internal workings of Polish Communists in Canada and highlights their priorities, strategies, and accomplishments, all while contextualizing Polish-Canadian Communist activism in terms of broader Canadian social and political history. What Polec shows very clearly is how flexible and adaptable Polish Communists were and how shrewdly they used traditional symbols of Polish patriotism and culture to "normalize" their Movement and to thereby gain adherents. Polec thus provides us with a picture of a Movement that at various points from the 1920s through to the early postwar years was genuinely popular. In 1919 there were approximately 50,000 Poles in Canada, and just over a decade later this number had risen to 150,000. About 4,000 to 5,000 of these Polish Canadians were Communists in the late 1930s, making the Communists comparable in size to the two largest non-Communist Polish organizations that operated in Canada at the same time (the Federation of Polish Societies in Canada and the Polish Alliance of Canada). The popularity of Polish Communism is further reflected in the fact that members operated across Canada; no other group was quite so successful in establishing a national presence. Highlighting the relative popularity of the Communists is perhaps Polec's greatest contribution with this book. He provides a fresh perspective on what we know about Polish immigrant experiences in Canada by showing that Polish Communists were not always the pariahs of the Cold War era, and that Poles in Canada were never a homogenous collective. Instead, Polish radicals existed alongside conservative nationalist Polish-Catholic immigrants; before World War II Communism formed a legitimate choice for Polish immigrants. Polish nationalism, it seems, was not the only--or the most important--identity that Poles adopted. Polec builds his argument through ten relatively short chapters. …
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Hurrah Revolutionaries: The Polish Canadian Communist Movement, 1918–1948 by Patryk Polec (review)
Canadian journal of history, 2016Co-Authors: Eva PlachAbstract:Hurrah Revolutionaries: The Polish Canadian Communist Movement, 1918-1948, by Patryk Polec. Montreal & Kingston, McGill-Queen's University Press, 2015. xxii, 301 pp. $34.95 Cdn (paper). Patryk Polec has written a very interesting book that tells many stories simultaneously. Hurrah Revolutionaries is about one part of the radical left in Canada during the first half of the twentieth century. It is also a history of Polish immigration to Canada, of Polish immigrants' political, cultural and social lives, and of the changing relationship between nationalist identity and political ideology. Polec's specific focus within this ambitious project is the Polish Communist Movement in Canada--first known as the Polish Workers' and Farmers' Association when it was first established in Winnipeg in 1931, and then as the Polish People's Association in 1936 when the name was changed. Polec explores the internal workings of Polish Communists in Canada and highlights their priorities, strategies, and accomplishments, all while contextualizing Polish-Canadian Communist activism in terms of broader Canadian social and political history. What Polec shows very clearly is how flexible and adaptable Polish Communists were and how shrewdly they used traditional symbols of Polish patriotism and culture to "normalize" their Movement and to thereby gain adherents. Polec thus provides us with a picture of a Movement that at various points from the 1920s through to the early postwar years was genuinely popular. In 1919 there were approximately 50,000 Poles in Canada, and just over a decade later this number had risen to 150,000. About 4,000 to 5,000 of these Polish Canadians were Communists in the late 1930s, making the Communists comparable in size to the two largest non-Communist Polish organizations that operated in Canada at the same time (the Federation of Polish Societies in Canada and the Polish Alliance of Canada). The popularity of Polish Communism is further reflected in the fact that members operated across Canada; no other group was quite so successful in establishing a national presence. Highlighting the relative popularity of the Communists is perhaps Polec's greatest contribution with this book. He provides a fresh perspective on what we know about Polish immigrant experiences in Canada by showing that Polish Communists were not always the pariahs of the Cold War era, and that Poles in Canada were never a homogenous collective. Instead, Polish radicals existed alongside conservative nationalist Polish-Catholic immigrants; before World War II Communism formed a legitimate choice for Polish immigrants. Polish nationalism, it seems, was not the only--or the most important--identity that Poles adopted. Polec builds his argument through ten relatively short chapters. …
Mohd Samsudin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kaedah perang saraf dalam membanteras gerakan komunis di bahagian pertama sarawak 1963 1974 the implementation of psychology warfare as a counter measures in Communist Movement at first division of sarawak 1963 1974
e-Bangi, 2018Co-Authors: Nararossa Peter Ballak, Mohd SamsudinAbstract:Kemunculan beberapa pertubuhan komunis yang berlaku sekitar tahun 1941-an merupakan permulaan penularan propaganda komunis terhadap penduduk di Sarawak. Pengaruh komunis menular masuk melalui sempadan Malaysia dan Indonesia apabila penyusupan masuk seramai 1000 ahli-ahli komunis yang baru untuk dilatih menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan komunis. Ekoran daripada kejadian tersebut, Bahagian Pertama telah menghadapi pemberontakan bersenjata yang pertama daripada pihak komunis pada Ogos 1952. Lantas menyebabkan pihak kerajaan menggunakan kaedah perang saraf untuk membanteras kegiatan komunis. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kaedah perang saraf yang digunakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama, Sarawak. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan kaedah perang saraf telah berjaya membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama. Bagi melakukan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan sumber primer yang terdiri daripada fail-fail daripada District Office dan Resident Office di Sarawak dan beberapa sumber sekunder untuk melengkapkan kajian ini. Kata kunci: perang saraf, pembanterasan komunis, bahagian pertama Sarawak. (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974) The establishment of Communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s’ indicated the beginning of Communist Movement in Sarawak and the spreading of Communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the Communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure Communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by Communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter Communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the Communist Movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible. Keywords : Psychology warfare, suppression of Communist, first division of Sarawak.
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KAEDAH PERANG SARAF DALAM MEMBANTERAS GERAKAN KOMUNIS DI BAHAGIAN PERTAMA, SARAWAK 1963 – 1974 (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974)
2018Co-Authors: Nararossa Peter Ballak, Mohd SamsudinAbstract:Kemunculan beberapa pertubuhan komunis yang berlaku sekitar tahun 1941-an merupakan permulaan penularan propaganda komunis terhadap penduduk di Sarawak. Pengaruh komunis menular masuk melalui sempadan Malaysia dan Indonesia apabila penyusupan masuk seramai 1000 ahli-ahli komunis yang baru untuk dilatih menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan komunis. Ekoran daripada kejadian tersebut, Bahagian Pertama telah menghadapi pemberontakan bersenjata yang pertama daripada pihak komunis pada Ogos 1952. Lantas menyebabkan pihak kerajaan menggunakan kaedah perang saraf untuk membanteras kegiatan komunis. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kaedah perang saraf yang digunakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama, Sarawak. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan kaedah perang saraf telah berjaya membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama. Bagi melakukan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan sumber primer yang terdiri daripada fail-fail daripada District Office dan Resident Office di Sarawak dan beberapa sumber sekunder untuk melengkapkan kajian ini. Kata kunci: perang saraf, pembanterasan komunis, bahagian pertama Sarawak. (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974) The establishment of Communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s’ indicated the beginning of Communist Movement in Sarawak and the spreading of Communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the Communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure Communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by Communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter Communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the Communist Movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible. Keywords : Psychology warfare, suppression of Communist, first division of Sarawak.
Nararossa Peter Ballak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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kaedah perang saraf dalam membanteras gerakan komunis di bahagian pertama sarawak 1963 1974 the implementation of psychology warfare as a counter measures in Communist Movement at first division of sarawak 1963 1974
e-Bangi, 2018Co-Authors: Nararossa Peter Ballak, Mohd SamsudinAbstract:Kemunculan beberapa pertubuhan komunis yang berlaku sekitar tahun 1941-an merupakan permulaan penularan propaganda komunis terhadap penduduk di Sarawak. Pengaruh komunis menular masuk melalui sempadan Malaysia dan Indonesia apabila penyusupan masuk seramai 1000 ahli-ahli komunis yang baru untuk dilatih menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan komunis. Ekoran daripada kejadian tersebut, Bahagian Pertama telah menghadapi pemberontakan bersenjata yang pertama daripada pihak komunis pada Ogos 1952. Lantas menyebabkan pihak kerajaan menggunakan kaedah perang saraf untuk membanteras kegiatan komunis. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kaedah perang saraf yang digunakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama, Sarawak. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan kaedah perang saraf telah berjaya membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama. Bagi melakukan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan sumber primer yang terdiri daripada fail-fail daripada District Office dan Resident Office di Sarawak dan beberapa sumber sekunder untuk melengkapkan kajian ini. Kata kunci: perang saraf, pembanterasan komunis, bahagian pertama Sarawak. (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974) The establishment of Communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s’ indicated the beginning of Communist Movement in Sarawak and the spreading of Communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the Communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure Communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by Communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter Communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the Communist Movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible. Keywords : Psychology warfare, suppression of Communist, first division of Sarawak.
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KAEDAH PERANG SARAF DALAM MEMBANTERAS GERAKAN KOMUNIS DI BAHAGIAN PERTAMA, SARAWAK 1963 – 1974 (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974)
2018Co-Authors: Nararossa Peter Ballak, Mohd SamsudinAbstract:Kemunculan beberapa pertubuhan komunis yang berlaku sekitar tahun 1941-an merupakan permulaan penularan propaganda komunis terhadap penduduk di Sarawak. Pengaruh komunis menular masuk melalui sempadan Malaysia dan Indonesia apabila penyusupan masuk seramai 1000 ahli-ahli komunis yang baru untuk dilatih menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan komunis. Ekoran daripada kejadian tersebut, Bahagian Pertama telah menghadapi pemberontakan bersenjata yang pertama daripada pihak komunis pada Ogos 1952. Lantas menyebabkan pihak kerajaan menggunakan kaedah perang saraf untuk membanteras kegiatan komunis. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kaedah perang saraf yang digunakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama, Sarawak. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan kaedah perang saraf telah berjaya membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama. Bagi melakukan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan sumber primer yang terdiri daripada fail-fail daripada District Office dan Resident Office di Sarawak dan beberapa sumber sekunder untuk melengkapkan kajian ini. Kata kunci: perang saraf, pembanterasan komunis, bahagian pertama Sarawak. (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974) The establishment of Communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s’ indicated the beginning of Communist Movement in Sarawak and the spreading of Communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the Communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure Communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by Communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter Communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the Communist Movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible. Keywords : Psychology warfare, suppression of Communist, first division of Sarawak.
Ho Hui Ling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Penglibatan Orang Cina Dalam Gerakan Komunis di Sarawak, 1924-1974
SEJARAH, 2014Co-Authors: Ho Hui LingAbstract:The beginning of the Communist Movement in Sarawak could be traced back to the 1924 when the Kuomintang (KMT) branch was established in Sarawak. In the Sarawak Communist Movement, almost all involved were Chinese, and they were the largest group sympathetic to the Communist cause. They were exposed to Communist teachings through Chinese schools, periodicals, labourand plantation unions, and political establishments. The Communist Movement then turned to armed struggle when the Malaysian plan was announced, and then the Federation of Malaysia was formed on 16 September 1963. However, the spread of Communist ideology among the Chinese and their involvement in the Movement alarmed the government, as the Chinese were an important group, especially in the development of economy and because they formed the second largest ethnic community in Sarawak. The government acted to limit communism from spreading further in Sarawak, by launching military operations and controlling newspaper publications, Chinese schools, and political organisations and activities. The Communist problem in Sarawak finally faded with the success of the government-launched Sri Aman Operation in 1974.
Martin J Bull - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the west european Communist Movement in the late twentieth century
West European Politics, 1995Co-Authors: Martin J BullAbstract:This article evaluates the impact of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe on the West European Communist Movement. The state of the Movement before 1989 is examined, followed by an analysis of the different trajectories of the parties after the revolutions and an assessment of their future prospects. It is argued that the momentous changes of 1989 have witnessed the passing of the West European Communist tradition and that, while some Communist parties live on, it is no longer fruitful to regard them and the ex‐Communist parties as one ‘family’ or to study them under a common framework.
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the west european Communist Movement past present and future
1994Co-Authors: Martin J BullAbstract:What is the current state of the West European Communist Movement? How has it been affected by the East European Revolutions of 1989? What are the prospects for the Movement in the late twentieth century? An assessment of the Movement’s present state and future prospects is not possible without first evaluating the Movement’s past what was the West European Communist Movement before 1989 and what condition, domestically and internationally, was it in? This conclusion, therefore, in drawing out the common themes which emerge from the studies in this book, is divided into three parts: the past, the present, the future.