The Experts below are selected from a list of 267 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Kleinebudde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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implementing feedback granule size control in a continuous dry granulation line using controlled impeller speed of the granulation unit Compaction Force and gap width
Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation, 2020Co-Authors: Annika Wilms, Raphael Wiedey, Andreas Teske, Robin Meier, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:In continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, dry granulation is of interest because of its large throughput capacity and energy efficiency. In order to manufacture solid oral dosage forms continuously, valid control strategies for critical quality attributes should be established. To this date, there are no published control strategies for granule size distribution in continuous dry granulation. In-line laser diffraction was used to determine the size of granules in a continuous roll Compaction/dry granulation line (QbCon® dry). Different process parameters were evaluated regarding their influences on granule size. The identified critical process parameters were then incorporated into control strategies. The uncontrolled and the controlled processes were compared based on the resulting granule size. In both processes, a process parameter was changed to induce a shift in median particle size and the controller had to counteract this shift. In principle, all process parameters that affect the median particle size could also be used to control the particle size in a dry granulation process. The sieve impeller speed was found to be well suited to control the median particle size as it reacts fast and can be controlled independently of the throughput or material. The median particle size in continuous roll Compaction can be controlled by adjusting process parameters depending on real-time granule size measurements. The method has to be validated and explored further to identify critical requirements to the material and environmental conditions.
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impact of functionalized particle structure on roll Compaction dry granulation and tableting of calcium carbonate
International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2018Co-Authors: Simon Grote, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:Abstract The influence of a functionalized raw material particle structure on the granulation behavior and tabletabilty of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) was investigated. Therefore, a milled grade of CaCO 3 was compared to different binary mixtures of milled and functionalized CaCO 3 . Relevant properties of raw materials, ribbons and granules were measured. The starting materials and two fractions of dry granules were compressed to tablets. The tabletability of granules was compared to that of the powders and the influence of specific Compaction Force and granule size on tablet tensile strength was evaluated. Adding functionalized particles drastically influenced the granulation and tableting behavior of CaCO 3 . Increasing proportions increased the ribbon porosity and granule size. Tensile strength of tablets from powder mixtures and granules was increased as well. Nevertheless, adding functionalized CaCO 3 led to a loss in tabletability induced by a previous Compaction step to an extent depending on its proportion in the formulation. A clear influence of the particle morphology on granulation and tableting behavior was demonstrated by the study. The functionalized structure showed aspects of a more plastic deformation behavior. Adding functionalized CaCO 3 to a mixture, even in small amounts, seemed to be beneficial to increase granule size and tablet strength.
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impact of roll Compaction design process parameters and material deformation behaviour on ribbon relative density
Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018Co-Authors: Kitti Csordas, Raphael Wiedey, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:Ribbons from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), mannitol, and their 50:50% mixture were produced using the roll compactors AlexanderWerk BT120, Hosokawa Alpine Pharmapaktor C250, L.B. Bohle BRC 25, and Gerteis Mini-Pactor in the frame of multilevel full factorial experimental plans. The specific Compaction Force (SCF)/hydraulic pressure (HP), gap width (GW), roll speed, and fraction of MCC were analyzed as quantitative factors, whereas the roll surface and sealing system were examined as qualitative factors. Ribbon relative density was investigated as response of the models. The SCF/HP is found to be the most significant factor in each model. A significant inverse effect of the GW is obtained in the models of AlexanderWerk BT120, Pharmapaktor C250, and BRC 25 roll compactors, using smooth rolls. The principle of the establishment of a conversion factor (cf) is introduced based on the obtained data sets of AlexanderWerk BT120 and Mini-Pactor. This can facilitate the transfer of a roll Compaction process between different types of roll compactors.
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the influence of isomalt particle morphology on tabletability after roll Compaction dry granulation
Powder Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Simon Grote, Hendrik Osthues, Fritz Schaeffer, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:Abstract The influence of different isomalt particle morphologies on dry granule and tablet properties was investigated. Primary crystals, milled particles and agglomerates were tableted after roll Compaction/dry granulation and compared to the directly compressed powders. Afterwards, the changes in tabletability were evaluated. Particle size distribution and specific surface area were measured for powders and granules. The influence of different specific Compaction Forces on granule and tablet properties was investigated. Milled and agglomerated isomalt resulted in products with adequate quality attributes. The agglomerates led to sufficient particle size enlargement even at low specific Compaction Forces. For all morphologies, the specific surface area increased during granulation, but to a different degree. Production under high Compaction Force or tableting pressure induced the destruction of the starting agglomerates and therefore product characteristics were similar to that of products produced from milled raw material. High tableting pressure induced an overpressing of isomalt tablets in particular in case of agglomerates. The investigated primary crystals were neither suitable for direct compression nor roll Compaction/dry granulation. Milling effects predominated the Compaction and therefore granules were smaller than the starting material. In summary, the milled and agglomerated isomalt performed as sufficient filler/binder in roll Compaction/dry granulation.
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roll Compaction dry granulation of dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous does the morphology of the raw material influence the tabletability of dry granules
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2017Co-Authors: Simon Grote, Peter KleinebuddeAbstract:Abstract The influence of raw material particle morphology on the tabletabilty of dry granules was investigated. Therefore, dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrous was used as a model material. One milled grade, 2 agglomerated grades with different porosities, and a functionalized structure, that is, an agglomerate formed by very small primary particles, were included. Particle size, density, and specific surface area of raw materials were measured. The starting materials and 2 fractions of dry granules were compressed to tablets. The tabletability of granules was compared to that of the powders and the influence of specific Compaction Force, granule size, and lubrication on tablet tensile strength was evaluated. All materials showed a loss in tabletability induced by a previous Compaction step but to a varying extent. Only in case of the functionalized calcium phosphate morphology, this effect depended on the specific Compaction Force. In contrast to the other materials, the tabletability of functionalized calcium phosphate was influenced by the granule size. This effect was not related to an overlubrication as internal and external lubrication resulted in similar tensile strengths. A clear influence of the particle morphology on tablet strength was demonstrated by the study. The functionalized structure showed aspects of a more plastic deformation behavior. The functionalized dibasic calcium phosphate and the more porous agglomerate performed as potential filler/binder in the field of roll Compaction/dry granulation.
H M Eldessouky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in situ consolidation of thermoplastic prepreg tape using automated tape placement technology potential and possibilities
Composites Part B-engineering, 2014Co-Authors: Z Qureshi, Timothy Swait, Richard J Scaife, H M EldessoukyAbstract:Abstract The key parameters of the in situ consolidation of carbon fibre reinForced poly-ether–ether–ketone (AS4-CF/PEEK) by automated tape placement (ATP) process were investigated by manufacturing of continuous rings and by laying tape onto pre-consolidated laminates. In order to establish and understand correlations between the process parameters and mechanical properties, a number of parametric studies were performed by manufacturing and testing the interlaminar shear strength, single lap shear strength and fracture toughness samples. The main process parameters investigated were the Compaction Force, tape laying speed and tool temperature. To achieve a uniform heat distribution across the thermoplastic tape, a new nozzle was designed. Baseline samples were also manufactured using the autoclave process to provide a comparison for the ATP composites produced. Optical microscopy was used for investigating the microstructure of composites compared. It was found that increasing the tool temperature reduced the temperature gradient between the incoming tape and substrate, resulting in better lap-shear strength and fracture toughness properties.
Shinichi Hirano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ex situ evaluation of nanometer range gold coating on stainless steel substrate for automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
Journal of Power Sources, 2010Co-Authors: A Kumar, Mark Stephen Ricketts, Shinichi HiranoAbstract:Abstract The bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell helps to feed reactant gases to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and collect current from the MEA. To facilitate these functions, the bipolar plate material should exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance under fuel cell operating conditions, and simultaneously be of low-cost to meet commercialization enabling targets for automotive fuel cells. In the present work, we focus on the benchmarking of 10 nm gold coated SS316L (a.k.a. Au Nanoclad ® ) bipolar plate material through ex situ tests, which is provided by Daido Steel (Japan). The use of nanometer range Au coatings help to retain the noble properties of gold while significantly reducing the cost of the bipolar plate. The area specific resistance of the flat sample is 0.9 mΩ cm 2 while that for the formed bipolar plate is 6.3 mΩ cm 2 at Compaction Force of 60 N cm −2 . The corrosion current density was less than 1 μA cm −2 at 0.8 V/NHE with air sparge simulating cathodic conditions. Additionally, gold coated SS316L showed anodic passivation of SS316L, thereby exhibiting robustness towards coating defects including surface scratches that may originate during the manufacturing of the bipolar plate. These series of ex situ tests indicate that 10 nm gold coated SS316L has good potential to be considered for commercial bipolar plates in automotive fuel cell stack.
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ex situ evaluation of nanometer range gold coating on stainless steel substrate for automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
Journal of Power Sources, 2010Co-Authors: A Kumar, Mark Stephen Ricketts, Shinichi HiranoAbstract:Abstract The bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell helps to feed reactant gases to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and collect current from the MEA. To facilitate these functions, the bipolar plate material should exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance under fuel cell operating conditions, and simultaneously be of low-cost to meet commercialization enabling targets for automotive fuel cells. In the present work, we focus on the benchmarking of 10 nm gold coated SS316L (a.k.a. Au Nanoclad ® ) bipolar plate material through ex situ tests, which is provided by Daido Steel (Japan). The use of nanometer range Au coatings help to retain the noble properties of gold while significantly reducing the cost of the bipolar plate. The area specific resistance of the flat sample is 0.9 mΩ cm 2 while that for the formed bipolar plate is 6.3 mΩ cm 2 at Compaction Force of 60 N cm −2 . The corrosion current density was less than 1 μA cm −2 at 0.8 V/NHE with air sparge simulating cathodic conditions. Additionally, gold coated SS316L showed anodic passivation of SS316L, thereby exhibiting robustness towards coating defects including surface scratches that may originate during the manufacturing of the bipolar plate. These series of ex situ tests indicate that 10 nm gold coated SS316L has good potential to be considered for commercial bipolar plates in automotive fuel cell stack.
K Friedrich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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processing related consolidation of high speed filament wound continuous fibre thermoplastic composite rings
Composites Manufacturing, 1995Co-Authors: F Haupert, K FriedrichAbstract:Filament winding of composite materials with thermoplastic matrices is more complicated than wer winding of thermosetting composites, due to the much higher viscosity of thermoplastics. Therefore, winding parameters have to be optimized to achieve both good impregnation and high consolidation quality. In this study, the material investigated was impregnated with poly(ethylene terephthalate) powder and had a thin matrix sheath surrounding the flexible glass fibre bundles. It offers a high degree of flexibility compared with stiffer tapes, but is much more difficult to process by a filament winding technique, hence a specially developed filament winding device for processing these flexible fibre bundles is presented. The filament winding technique is the so-called in situ consolidation process, where the incoming yarn is welded to the previously wound surface. The processing parameters in this winding process are mandrel temperature, preheating temperature, nip-point temperature, tow tension, Compaction Force and winding speed. For this technique, the winding parameters were optimized to obtain a bulk composite structure without any defects if possible. To characterize the consolidation quality, the composite's interlaminar shear strength was determined. Furthermore, the density, flexural modulus and residual stresses in the wound rings were measured. From the point of view of economics, it is very important to increase the winding speed. For this reason a hot air preheating zone was developed. Thus the in situ consolidation process involved a further processing parameter: the preheating temperature. Winding speeds of up to 30 m min−1 were realized using this preheating zone, without diminishing good consolidation quality.
A Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ex situ evaluation of nanometer range gold coating on stainless steel substrate for automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
Journal of Power Sources, 2010Co-Authors: A Kumar, Mark Stephen Ricketts, Shinichi HiranoAbstract:Abstract The bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell helps to feed reactant gases to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and collect current from the MEA. To facilitate these functions, the bipolar plate material should exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance under fuel cell operating conditions, and simultaneously be of low-cost to meet commercialization enabling targets for automotive fuel cells. In the present work, we focus on the benchmarking of 10 nm gold coated SS316L (a.k.a. Au Nanoclad ® ) bipolar plate material through ex situ tests, which is provided by Daido Steel (Japan). The use of nanometer range Au coatings help to retain the noble properties of gold while significantly reducing the cost of the bipolar plate. The area specific resistance of the flat sample is 0.9 mΩ cm 2 while that for the formed bipolar plate is 6.3 mΩ cm 2 at Compaction Force of 60 N cm −2 . The corrosion current density was less than 1 μA cm −2 at 0.8 V/NHE with air sparge simulating cathodic conditions. Additionally, gold coated SS316L showed anodic passivation of SS316L, thereby exhibiting robustness towards coating defects including surface scratches that may originate during the manufacturing of the bipolar plate. These series of ex situ tests indicate that 10 nm gold coated SS316L has good potential to be considered for commercial bipolar plates in automotive fuel cell stack.
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ex situ evaluation of nanometer range gold coating on stainless steel substrate for automotive polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell bipolar plate
Journal of Power Sources, 2010Co-Authors: A Kumar, Mark Stephen Ricketts, Shinichi HiranoAbstract:Abstract The bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell helps to feed reactant gases to the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and collect current from the MEA. To facilitate these functions, the bipolar plate material should exhibit excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance under fuel cell operating conditions, and simultaneously be of low-cost to meet commercialization enabling targets for automotive fuel cells. In the present work, we focus on the benchmarking of 10 nm gold coated SS316L (a.k.a. Au Nanoclad ® ) bipolar plate material through ex situ tests, which is provided by Daido Steel (Japan). The use of nanometer range Au coatings help to retain the noble properties of gold while significantly reducing the cost of the bipolar plate. The area specific resistance of the flat sample is 0.9 mΩ cm 2 while that for the formed bipolar plate is 6.3 mΩ cm 2 at Compaction Force of 60 N cm −2 . The corrosion current density was less than 1 μA cm −2 at 0.8 V/NHE with air sparge simulating cathodic conditions. Additionally, gold coated SS316L showed anodic passivation of SS316L, thereby exhibiting robustness towards coating defects including surface scratches that may originate during the manufacturing of the bipolar plate. These series of ex situ tests indicate that 10 nm gold coated SS316L has good potential to be considered for commercial bipolar plates in automotive fuel cell stack.