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Hans-christoph Nuerk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cognitive control in number magnitude processing: evidence from eye-tracking
Psychological research, 2013Co-Authors: Stefan Huber, Hans-christoph Nuerk, Anne Mann, K. Orbinian MoellerAbstract:The unit-decade Compatibility Effect describes longer response times and higher error rates for incompatible (e.g., 37_52) than compatible (e.g., 42_57) number comparisons. Recent research indicated that the Effect depends on the percentage of same-decade filler items. In the present study, we further examined this relationship by recording participants’ eye-fixation behaviour. In four conditions, participants had to compare item sets with different filler item types (i.e., same-decade and same-unit filler items) and different numbers of same-decade filler items (i.e., 25, 50, and 75 %). We found a weaker unit-decade Compatibility Effect with most fixations on tens in the condition with same-unit filler items. Moreover, the Compatibility Effect increased with the percentage of same-decade filler items which was accompanied by less fixations on tens and more fixations on units. Thus, our study provides first eye-tracking evidence for the influence of cognitive control in number processing.
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A Unitary or Multiple Representations of Numerical Magnitude? – the Case of Structure in Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Quantities
Frontiers in Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: K. Orbinian Moeller, Hans-christoph Nuerk, Elise Klein, Roi Cohen KadoshAbstract:Currently, there is a controversial debate on whether there is an abstract representation of number magnitude, multiple different ones, or multiple different ones that project onto a unitary representation. The current study aimed at evaluating this issue by means of a magnitude comparison task involving Arabic numbers and structured as well as unstructured non-symbolic patterns of squares. In particular, we were interested whether a specific numerical Effect, the unit-decade Compatibility Effect reflecting decomposed processing of tens and units complying with the place-value structure of the Arabic number system, is affected by input notation. Indeed, a reliable unit-decade Compatibility Effect was observed in the symbolic-digital notation condition but was absent for unstructured non-symbolic notation. However, for structured non-symbolic notation a – albeit negative – Compatibility Effect was observed as well. Theses results are hard to reconcile with the notion of an abstract representation of number magnitude. Instead, our data support the existence of multiple representations of numerical magnitude. In addition, the current data indicate that it may not be a question of symbolic vs. non-symbolic notation only but also an issue of the structuring of the input notation. While unstructured non-symbolic quantities seemed to be processed holistically we found evidence suggesting at least partially decomposed processing not only for symbolic Arabic numbers but also for structured non-symbolic quantities.
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Attentional Strategies in Place-Value Integration
Zeitschrift Fur Psychologie-journal of Psychology, 2011Co-Authors: Anne Mann, K. Orbinian Moeller, Silvia Pixner, Liane Kaufmann, Hans-christoph NuerkAbstract:To process a multi-digit number its constituting digits need to be integrated into the place-value structure of the Arabic number system. For two-digit numbers, processes of unit-decade integration are reflected by the Compatibility Effect in magnitude comparison. Recent research in adults indicated that the size of the Compatibility Effect increases when stimuli prevent to focus on the decade digits as achieved by the inclusion of within-decade items (43_47). In the present study within- and between-decade items (47_62) were used to assess the Compatibility Effect in children. We observed reliable Compatibility Effects that increased with grade level and that were larger than in a previous study without within-decade stimuli. Furthermore, evaluation of the developmental trajectories showed that two-digit number processing develops to more automatic parallel processing of the constituent digits of tens and units. From these results we conclude that (i) even for children attentional processes can strongly ...
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Whorf reloaded: Language Effects on nonverbal number processing in first grade—A trilingual study
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2010Co-Authors: Silvia Pixner, K. Orbinian Moeller, V. Hermanova, Hans-christoph Nuerk, Liane KaufmannAbstract:Abstract The unit–decade Compatibility Effect is interpreted to reflect processes of place value integration in two-digit number magnitude comparisons. The current study aimed at elucidating the influence of language properties on the Compatibility Effect of Arabic two-digit numbers in Austrian, Italian, and Czech first graders. The number word systems of the three countries differ with respect to their correspondence between name and place value systems; the German language is characterized by its inversion of the order of tens and units in number words as compared with digital notations, whereas Italian number words are generally not inverted and there are both forms for Czech number words. Interestingly, the German-speaking children showed the most pronounced Compatibility Effect with respect to both accuracy and speed. We interpret our results as evidence for a detrimental influence of an intransparent number word system place value processing. The data corroborate a weak Whorfian hypothesis in children, with even nonverbal Arabic number processing seeming to be influenced by linguistic properties in children.
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Language Effects in magnitude comparison: Small, but not irrelevant
Brain and Language, 2005Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Nuerk, Ulrich W. Weger, Klaus WillmesAbstract:Abstract It is assumed that number magnitude comparison is performed by assessing magnitude representation on a single analog mental number line. However, we have observed a unit–decade–Compatibility Effect in German which is inconsistent with this assumption ( Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001 ). Incompatible magnitude comparisons in which decade and unit comparisons lead to different responses (e.g., 37_52 for which 3 2) are slower and less accurately responded to than compatible trials in which decade and unit comparisons lead to the same response (e.g., 42_57, for which 4 ), the language-generality of the Effect is questionable. We have therefore examined the Compatibility Effect with native English speakers. We were able to replicate the Compatibility Effect using Arabic notation. Thus, the Compatibility Effect is not language-specific. However, in cross-linguistic analyses language-specific modulations were observed not only for number words but also for Arabic numbers. The constraints imposed on current models by the verbal mediation of Arabic number comparison are discussed.
Belinda Pletzer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Missing Link: Global-Local Processing Relates to Number-Magnitude Processing in Women
Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2020Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni Harris, Thomas ScherndlAbstract:Number processing and visual hierarchical processing (global-local processing) have much in common. However, the shared aspects of number processing and global-local processing have not been investigated so far. Most visual stimuli are hierarchical with global structures made up of local parts. Processing of global and local aspects occurs in parallel and the global advantage Effect indicates faster reactions to global than local aspects. Likewise, multidigit numbers can be represented holistically (whole number magnitudes) or in a decomposed fashion (single digit magnitudes). During comparison of 2-digit numbers, the unit-decade Compatibility Effect indicates slower responses when the larger number contains the smaller unit digit and has been suggested as a measure of how strongly participants rely on decomposed number representations. However, this interpretation of the Compatibility Effect is still controversial and a link between global-local processing and the individual tendency to rely on decomposed representations of multidigit numbers remains to be established. To that end we assessed whether the Compatibility Effect during number comparison was related to various measures of global advantage. To answer this question we drew upon existing data from participants who had completed both, the number comparison task and 2 global-local tasks. Results show that the Compatibility Effect is indeed negatively related to several measures of global advantage in women, with no evidence for such a relationship in men. These results demonstrate that global-local processing transcends into the numerical domain but also suggest that the Compatibility Effect reflects different mechanisms in men and women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Eye-movements during number comparison: Associations to sex and sex hormones.
Physiology & behavior, 2020Co-Authors: Larissa Schulte, Stefan Hawelka, Belinda PletzerAbstract:Abstract Multi-digit numbers are of a hierarchical nature with whole number magnitudes depending on digit magnitudes. Processing of multi-digit numbers can occur in a holistic or decomposed fashion. The unit-decade Compatibility Effect during number comparison is often used as a measure of decomposed processing. It refers to the fact that performance is reduced when the larger number contains the smaller unit digit (e.g. 73 vs. 26). It has been demonstrated that women show a larger Compatibility Effect than men, which is in accordance with their general tendency towards focusing on stimulus details during processing of visual hierarchical stimuli (local processing style). Such a local processing style has been related to higher progesterone and lower testosterone levels. One method to study individual processing styles is eye-tracking. The aim of the present study was to examine whether sex and sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) relate to eye movement behavior in the number comparison task. Unlike previous studies we found no evidence for sex differences in the behavioral Compatibility Effect. Nevertheless, women look more often and longer at individual digits and show a stronger Compatibility Effect in fixation durations compared to men, while men show more saccades between numbers than women. Estradiol and progesterone were related to fewer fixations and shorter fixation durations and more saccades between numbers in men, but not in women. Furthermore, the Compatibility Effect in the number of fixations and fixation durations was negatively related to testosterone in women. In summary, this is the first study to demonstrate sex differences and sex hormone influences on eye gaze behavior during number comparison.
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Sex hormones and number processing. Progesterone and testosterone relate to hemispheric asymmetries during number comparison.
Hormones and behavior, 2019Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Selina Jäger, Stefan HawelkaAbstract:Like many visual stimuli, multi-digit numbers are of a hierarchical nature, with whole number magnitudes depending on individual digit magnitudes. Accordingly, multi-digit numbers can be processed in a holistic (whole number magnitudes) or decomposed manner (digit magnitudes). The Compatibility Effect during number comparison serves as an indicator of decomposed processing. It is characterized by impaired performance for items where the larger number contains the smaller unit-digit. We were recently able to demonstrate, that the Compatibility Effect indeed depends on an individual's tendency to process visual hierarchical stimuli on a global or local level. Accordingly, factors affecting global-local processing, should also affect number magnitude processing, i.e. the Compatibility Effect. Among these factors are hemispheric asymmetries, sex differences and sex hormones (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone). In the present study 39 men and 37 naturally cycling women in their luteal cycle phase completed a number comparison task with stimuli randomly presented to the left and right hemifield. As in previous studies, we observed a larger Compatibility Effect in the right hemifield (left hemisphere) than in the left hemifield (right hemisphere) and in men than in women. However, this is the first study to evaluate the Effects of sex hormones on hemispheric asymmetries during number comparison. We found progesterone to relate to increased hemispheric asymmetries in men, but decreased hemispheric asymmetries in women. Additionally, testosterone was negatively related to hemispheric asymmetries in women's Compatibility Effect in reaction times. These results add to the growing evidence that sex hormones relate to hemispheric asymmetries in cognitive functions.
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Sex Differences in Number Magnitude Processing Strategies Are Mediated by Spatial Navigation Strategies: Evidence From the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Tianni Harris, Andrea ScheuringerAbstract:The hybrid model of number magnitude processing suggests that multi-digit numbers are simultaneously processed holistically (whole number magnitudes) and in a decomposed manner (digit magnitudes). Thus, individual tendencies and situational factors may affect which type of processing becomes dominant in a certain individual in a given situation. The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has been described as indicative of stronger decomposed number processing. This Effect occurs during the comparison of two-digit numbers. Compatible items in which the larger number contains the larger unit digit are easier to solve than incompatible items in which the larger number contains the smaller unit digit. We have previously described that women show a larger Compatibility Effect than men. Furthermore, the Compatibility Effect is modulated by situational factors like the vertical spacing of the presented numbers. However, it has not been addressed whether situational factors and sex affect the unit-decade Compatibility Effect interactively. We have also demonstrated that the unit-decade Compatibility Effects relates to global-local processing, which in turn also affects spatial processing strategies. However, a link between spatial processing strategies and the unit-decade Compatibility Effect has not yet been established. In the present study we investigate, whether sex differences in the unit-decade Compatibility Effect (i) depend on the vertical spacing between numbers, (ii) are mediated via sex hormone levels of participants and (iii) relate to sex differences in spatial processing strategies. 42 men and 41 women completed a two-digit number comparison task as well as a spatial navigation task. The number comparison task modulates Compatibility and vertical spacing in a 2x2 design. The results confirm a larger Compatibility Effect in women compared to men and with dense compared to sparse spacing. However, no interactive Effect was observed, suggesting that these factors modulate number magnitude processing independently. The progesterone/testosterone ratio was related to the Compatibility Effect, but did not mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Furthermore, spatial processing strategies were related to the Compatibility Effect and did mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Participants with a stronger focus on landmarks in the spatial navigation task showed a larger Compatibility Effect.
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Spacing and Presentation Modes Affect the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect During Number Comparison.
Experimental psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni HarrisAbstract:The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has challenged the model of holistic number magnitude processing, suggesting decomposed processing of multi-digit numbers. Recent evidence confirms that decomposed processing of decade and unit magnitudes occurs in parallel. However, the mode of presentation of multi-digit numbers may affect the processing mode (holistic vs. decomposed, parallel vs. sequential). We therefore investigated in two studies, whether presentation mode (vertical, horizontal, or consecutive) or the distance between two vertically presented numbers affects the unit-decade Compatibility Effect during number comparison. We found that the Compatibility Effect did not differ significantly between vertical and horizontal presentation, adding to previous results on perceptual generality, but was nonsignificant with consecutive presentation. However, the Compatibility Effect was significantly smaller, if numbers are spaced further apart. Thus, stimulus size and distance between numbers affect the processing of multi-digit numbers and should be reported in future studies.
Andrea Scheuringer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Missing Link: Global-Local Processing Relates to Number-Magnitude Processing in Women
Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2020Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni Harris, Thomas ScherndlAbstract:Number processing and visual hierarchical processing (global-local processing) have much in common. However, the shared aspects of number processing and global-local processing have not been investigated so far. Most visual stimuli are hierarchical with global structures made up of local parts. Processing of global and local aspects occurs in parallel and the global advantage Effect indicates faster reactions to global than local aspects. Likewise, multidigit numbers can be represented holistically (whole number magnitudes) or in a decomposed fashion (single digit magnitudes). During comparison of 2-digit numbers, the unit-decade Compatibility Effect indicates slower responses when the larger number contains the smaller unit digit and has been suggested as a measure of how strongly participants rely on decomposed number representations. However, this interpretation of the Compatibility Effect is still controversial and a link between global-local processing and the individual tendency to rely on decomposed representations of multidigit numbers remains to be established. To that end we assessed whether the Compatibility Effect during number comparison was related to various measures of global advantage. To answer this question we drew upon existing data from participants who had completed both, the number comparison task and 2 global-local tasks. Results show that the Compatibility Effect is indeed negatively related to several measures of global advantage in women, with no evidence for such a relationship in men. These results demonstrate that global-local processing transcends into the numerical domain but also suggest that the Compatibility Effect reflects different mechanisms in men and women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sex Differences in Number Magnitude Processing Strategies Are Mediated by Spatial Navigation Strategies: Evidence From the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Tianni Harris, Andrea ScheuringerAbstract:The hybrid model of number magnitude processing suggests that multi-digit numbers are simultaneously processed holistically (whole number magnitudes) and in a decomposed manner (digit magnitudes). Thus, individual tendencies and situational factors may affect which type of processing becomes dominant in a certain individual in a given situation. The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has been described as indicative of stronger decomposed number processing. This Effect occurs during the comparison of two-digit numbers. Compatible items in which the larger number contains the larger unit digit are easier to solve than incompatible items in which the larger number contains the smaller unit digit. We have previously described that women show a larger Compatibility Effect than men. Furthermore, the Compatibility Effect is modulated by situational factors like the vertical spacing of the presented numbers. However, it has not been addressed whether situational factors and sex affect the unit-decade Compatibility Effect interactively. We have also demonstrated that the unit-decade Compatibility Effects relates to global-local processing, which in turn also affects spatial processing strategies. However, a link between spatial processing strategies and the unit-decade Compatibility Effect has not yet been established. In the present study we investigate, whether sex differences in the unit-decade Compatibility Effect (i) depend on the vertical spacing between numbers, (ii) are mediated via sex hormone levels of participants and (iii) relate to sex differences in spatial processing strategies. 42 men and 41 women completed a two-digit number comparison task as well as a spatial navigation task. The number comparison task modulates Compatibility and vertical spacing in a 2x2 design. The results confirm a larger Compatibility Effect in women compared to men and with dense compared to sparse spacing. However, no interactive Effect was observed, suggesting that these factors modulate number magnitude processing independently. The progesterone/testosterone ratio was related to the Compatibility Effect, but did not mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Furthermore, spatial processing strategies were related to the Compatibility Effect and did mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Participants with a stronger focus on landmarks in the spatial navigation task showed a larger Compatibility Effect.
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Spacing and Presentation Modes Affect the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect During Number Comparison.
Experimental psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni HarrisAbstract:The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has challenged the model of holistic number magnitude processing, suggesting decomposed processing of multi-digit numbers. Recent evidence confirms that decomposed processing of decade and unit magnitudes occurs in parallel. However, the mode of presentation of multi-digit numbers may affect the processing mode (holistic vs. decomposed, parallel vs. sequential). We therefore investigated in two studies, whether presentation mode (vertical, horizontal, or consecutive) or the distance between two vertically presented numbers affects the unit-decade Compatibility Effect during number comparison. We found that the Compatibility Effect did not differ significantly between vertical and horizontal presentation, adding to previous results on perceptual generality, but was nonsignificant with consecutive presentation. However, the Compatibility Effect was significantly smaller, if numbers are spaced further apart. Thus, stimulus size and distance between numbers affect the processing of multi-digit numbers and should be reported in future studies.
Tianni Harris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Missing Link: Global-Local Processing Relates to Number-Magnitude Processing in Women
Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2020Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni Harris, Thomas ScherndlAbstract:Number processing and visual hierarchical processing (global-local processing) have much in common. However, the shared aspects of number processing and global-local processing have not been investigated so far. Most visual stimuli are hierarchical with global structures made up of local parts. Processing of global and local aspects occurs in parallel and the global advantage Effect indicates faster reactions to global than local aspects. Likewise, multidigit numbers can be represented holistically (whole number magnitudes) or in a decomposed fashion (single digit magnitudes). During comparison of 2-digit numbers, the unit-decade Compatibility Effect indicates slower responses when the larger number contains the smaller unit digit and has been suggested as a measure of how strongly participants rely on decomposed number representations. However, this interpretation of the Compatibility Effect is still controversial and a link between global-local processing and the individual tendency to rely on decomposed representations of multidigit numbers remains to be established. To that end we assessed whether the Compatibility Effect during number comparison was related to various measures of global advantage. To answer this question we drew upon existing data from participants who had completed both, the number comparison task and 2 global-local tasks. Results show that the Compatibility Effect is indeed negatively related to several measures of global advantage in women, with no evidence for such a relationship in men. These results demonstrate that global-local processing transcends into the numerical domain but also suggest that the Compatibility Effect reflects different mechanisms in men and women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sex Differences in Number Magnitude Processing Strategies Are Mediated by Spatial Navigation Strategies: Evidence From the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect.
Frontiers in psychology, 2019Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Tianni Harris, Andrea ScheuringerAbstract:The hybrid model of number magnitude processing suggests that multi-digit numbers are simultaneously processed holistically (whole number magnitudes) and in a decomposed manner (digit magnitudes). Thus, individual tendencies and situational factors may affect which type of processing becomes dominant in a certain individual in a given situation. The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has been described as indicative of stronger decomposed number processing. This Effect occurs during the comparison of two-digit numbers. Compatible items in which the larger number contains the larger unit digit are easier to solve than incompatible items in which the larger number contains the smaller unit digit. We have previously described that women show a larger Compatibility Effect than men. Furthermore, the Compatibility Effect is modulated by situational factors like the vertical spacing of the presented numbers. However, it has not been addressed whether situational factors and sex affect the unit-decade Compatibility Effect interactively. We have also demonstrated that the unit-decade Compatibility Effects relates to global-local processing, which in turn also affects spatial processing strategies. However, a link between spatial processing strategies and the unit-decade Compatibility Effect has not yet been established. In the present study we investigate, whether sex differences in the unit-decade Compatibility Effect (i) depend on the vertical spacing between numbers, (ii) are mediated via sex hormone levels of participants and (iii) relate to sex differences in spatial processing strategies. 42 men and 41 women completed a two-digit number comparison task as well as a spatial navigation task. The number comparison task modulates Compatibility and vertical spacing in a 2x2 design. The results confirm a larger Compatibility Effect in women compared to men and with dense compared to sparse spacing. However, no interactive Effect was observed, suggesting that these factors modulate number magnitude processing independently. The progesterone/testosterone ratio was related to the Compatibility Effect, but did not mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Furthermore, spatial processing strategies were related to the Compatibility Effect and did mediate the sex difference in the Compatibility Effect. Participants with a stronger focus on landmarks in the spatial navigation task showed a larger Compatibility Effect.
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Spacing and Presentation Modes Affect the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect During Number Comparison.
Experimental psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Belinda Pletzer, Andrea Scheuringer, Tianni HarrisAbstract:The unit-decade Compatibility Effect has challenged the model of holistic number magnitude processing, suggesting decomposed processing of multi-digit numbers. Recent evidence confirms that decomposed processing of decade and unit magnitudes occurs in parallel. However, the mode of presentation of multi-digit numbers may affect the processing mode (holistic vs. decomposed, parallel vs. sequential). We therefore investigated in two studies, whether presentation mode (vertical, horizontal, or consecutive) or the distance between two vertically presented numbers affects the unit-decade Compatibility Effect during number comparison. We found that the Compatibility Effect did not differ significantly between vertical and horizontal presentation, adding to previous results on perceptual generality, but was nonsignificant with consecutive presentation. However, the Compatibility Effect was significantly smaller, if numbers are spaced further apart. Thus, stimulus size and distance between numbers affect the processing of multi-digit numbers and should be reported in future studies.
Klaus Willmes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Language Effects in magnitude comparison: Small, but not irrelevant
Brain and Language, 2005Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Nuerk, Ulrich W. Weger, Klaus WillmesAbstract:Abstract It is assumed that number magnitude comparison is performed by assessing magnitude representation on a single analog mental number line. However, we have observed a unit–decade–Compatibility Effect in German which is inconsistent with this assumption ( Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001 ). Incompatible magnitude comparisons in which decade and unit comparisons lead to different responses (e.g., 37_52 for which 3 2) are slower and less accurately responded to than compatible trials in which decade and unit comparisons lead to the same response (e.g., 42_57, for which 4 ), the language-generality of the Effect is questionable. We have therefore examined the Compatibility Effect with native English speakers. We were able to replicate the Compatibility Effect using Arabic notation. Thus, the Compatibility Effect is not language-specific. However, in cross-linguistic analyses language-specific modulations were observed not only for number words but also for Arabic numbers. The constraints imposed on current models by the verbal mediation of Arabic number comparison are discussed.
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On the Perceptual Generality of the Unit-Decade Compatibility Effect
Experimental Psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Nuerk, Ulrich W. Weger, Klaus WillmesAbstract:Abstract. Number magnitude is assumed to be holistically represented along a single mental number line. Recently, we have observed a unit-decade-Compatibility Effect which is inconsistent with that assumption (Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001). In two-digit Arabic number comparison, we have demonstrated that compatible comparisons in which separate decade and unit comparisons lead to the same decision (32_47, 3 2). Because overall distance was matched, a holistic model could not account for the Compatibility Effect. However, one could argue that the Compatibility Effect was due to the specific vertical perceptual arrangement of the two-digit numbers in Nuerk et al.’s (2001) experiment where the decade digits and unit digits were presented column-wise above each other. To examine this objection, we studied the perceptual generality of the Compatibility Effect with diagonal presentation. We replicated the Compatibility Effect with diago...
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On the perceptual generality of the unit-decade Compatibility Effect.
Experimental psychology, 2004Co-Authors: Hans-christoph Nuerk, Ulrich W. Weger, Klaus WillmesAbstract:Number magnitude is assumed to be holistically represented along a single mental number line. Recently, we have observed a unit-decade-Compatibility Effect which is inconsistent with that assumption (Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001). In two-digit Arabic number comparison, we have demonstrated that compatible comparisons in which separate decade and unit comparisons lead to the same decision (32_47, 3 2). Because overall distance was matched, a holistic model could not account for the Compatibility Effect. However, one could argue that the Compatibility Effect was due to the specific vertical perceptual arrangement of the two-digit numbers in Nuerk et al.'s (2001) experiment where the decade digits and unit digits were presented column-wise above each other. To examine this objection, we studied the perceptual generality of the Compatibility Effect with diagonal presentation. We replicated the Compatibility Effect with diagonal presentation. It is concluded that the Compatibility Effect is not due to encoding characteristics imposed by the perceptual setting of the original experiment. In particular, the assumption of an overall analog magnitude representation for two-digit numbers is not consistent with these data.