The Experts below are selected from a list of 6 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
René H. Mitchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compressor Station Fuel Gas Superheating Using Lube Oil Waste Heat
2004Co-Authors: Katie T. Sell, Paul R. Langston, René H. MitchellAbstract:Compressor station gas turbine engines require protection from fuel gas liquid drop-out caused by the Joule-Thomson effect when natural gas is let down from transportation line pressure to the burner supply pressure. Indeed, gas turbine manufacturers specify a minimum gas superheat, which requires fuel gas heating at pipeline temperatures experienced in Northern Europe. Conventionally, fuel gas superheating is achieved through the use of either electric or gas fired water bath heaters, which require maintenance, and an external heat source. Meanwhile, waste heat from the turbo-Compressor Lube Oil system is released to atmosphere, typically by air-cooled heat exchangers. Hence, there is an obvious opportunity to protect the gas turbine engine, whilst reducing the amount of heat rejected to the environment. Mechanical integrity is a key operational requirement when combining fuel gas superheating with Lube Oil cooling in a single heat exchanger. Fuel gas at high pressure must not enter the low pressure Lube Oil system. High integrity Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) are ideally suited to this application, as they are diffusion bonded and fully welded heat exchangers. Used extensively in offshore high pressure gas compression trains in the North Sea, PCHEs have demonstrated that they are low maintenance items that are ideal for use in remote unmanned applications, such as those required by gas compression stations. PCHEs are highly compact, reducing space and structural requirements. This allows the exchanger to be installed underneath the Compressor, minimizing the visual impact of the heat exchanger. In addition, safety and pressure relief requirements are significantly reduced, a PCHEs do not have a failure mode analogous to tube rupture in shell and tube heat exchangers. National Grid Transco have realized the opportunities of PCHEs and operated them successfully over many years in many of their compression stations throughout the United Kingdom.© 2004 ASME
Katie T. Sell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compressor Station Fuel Gas Superheating Using Lube Oil Waste Heat
2004Co-Authors: Katie T. Sell, Paul R. Langston, René H. MitchellAbstract:Compressor station gas turbine engines require protection from fuel gas liquid drop-out caused by the Joule-Thomson effect when natural gas is let down from transportation line pressure to the burner supply pressure. Indeed, gas turbine manufacturers specify a minimum gas superheat, which requires fuel gas heating at pipeline temperatures experienced in Northern Europe. Conventionally, fuel gas superheating is achieved through the use of either electric or gas fired water bath heaters, which require maintenance, and an external heat source. Meanwhile, waste heat from the turbo-Compressor Lube Oil system is released to atmosphere, typically by air-cooled heat exchangers. Hence, there is an obvious opportunity to protect the gas turbine engine, whilst reducing the amount of heat rejected to the environment. Mechanical integrity is a key operational requirement when combining fuel gas superheating with Lube Oil cooling in a single heat exchanger. Fuel gas at high pressure must not enter the low pressure Lube Oil system. High integrity Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) are ideally suited to this application, as they are diffusion bonded and fully welded heat exchangers. Used extensively in offshore high pressure gas compression trains in the North Sea, PCHEs have demonstrated that they are low maintenance items that are ideal for use in remote unmanned applications, such as those required by gas compression stations. PCHEs are highly compact, reducing space and structural requirements. This allows the exchanger to be installed underneath the Compressor, minimizing the visual impact of the heat exchanger. In addition, safety and pressure relief requirements are significantly reduced, a PCHEs do not have a failure mode analogous to tube rupture in shell and tube heat exchangers. National Grid Transco have realized the opportunities of PCHEs and operated them successfully over many years in many of their compression stations throughout the United Kingdom.© 2004 ASME
Paul R. Langston - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compressor Station Fuel Gas Superheating Using Lube Oil Waste Heat
2004Co-Authors: Katie T. Sell, Paul R. Langston, René H. MitchellAbstract:Compressor station gas turbine engines require protection from fuel gas liquid drop-out caused by the Joule-Thomson effect when natural gas is let down from transportation line pressure to the burner supply pressure. Indeed, gas turbine manufacturers specify a minimum gas superheat, which requires fuel gas heating at pipeline temperatures experienced in Northern Europe. Conventionally, fuel gas superheating is achieved through the use of either electric or gas fired water bath heaters, which require maintenance, and an external heat source. Meanwhile, waste heat from the turbo-Compressor Lube Oil system is released to atmosphere, typically by air-cooled heat exchangers. Hence, there is an obvious opportunity to protect the gas turbine engine, whilst reducing the amount of heat rejected to the environment. Mechanical integrity is a key operational requirement when combining fuel gas superheating with Lube Oil cooling in a single heat exchanger. Fuel gas at high pressure must not enter the low pressure Lube Oil system. High integrity Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers (PCHEs) are ideally suited to this application, as they are diffusion bonded and fully welded heat exchangers. Used extensively in offshore high pressure gas compression trains in the North Sea, PCHEs have demonstrated that they are low maintenance items that are ideal for use in remote unmanned applications, such as those required by gas compression stations. PCHEs are highly compact, reducing space and structural requirements. This allows the exchanger to be installed underneath the Compressor, minimizing the visual impact of the heat exchanger. In addition, safety and pressure relief requirements are significantly reduced, a PCHEs do not have a failure mode analogous to tube rupture in shell and tube heat exchangers. National Grid Transco have realized the opportunities of PCHEs and operated them successfully over many years in many of their compression stations throughout the United Kingdom.© 2004 ASME
Turne Neil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emerging Technologies in Metal Working Fluids and Compatibility with Refrigeration Systems
2016Co-Authors: Utle Richard, Foste Mike, Turne NeilAbstract:Metal working fluids (MWF) are basically two types, metal removal (chip making) and metal forming (chip-less). MWF are used in all aspects of production fabrication of refrigeration systems. Metal removal applications typically include turning followed by finish lapping of crankshafts and piston connecting rods, also milling and finish grinding of screw Compressor vanes. Metal forming applications include deep drawing of Compressor housings, wire drawing, tube forming and stamping of electric motor laminations. MWF are not always completely removed before final assembly. The MWF residuals may get mixed into the refrigerant and Compressor lubricant affecting system life and efficiency.  To date, very little compatibility testing of residual MWF in refrigeration Lubes and refrigerants has been investigated.  Unlike most Lube Oils, MWF are typically water-based and traditionally make very high usage of extreme pressure (EP) additives. EP additives help remove metal during the cutting process and actually increase wear. EP containing MWF may interfere with Compressor Lube Oil performance. EP are additives are known to be somewhat acidic and corrosive.  Due environmental persistence concerns, the EPA will restrict the use of chlorinated alkanes as EP additives. Chlorinated alkanes will be being phased out over the next few years and replacements are needed. It has been proven that preformed emulsions are capable of replacing traditional EP additives in MWF. Preformed emulsions allow non-traditional base “Oils†to be used in MWF. These non-traditional base Oils are generally very high in viscosity and viscosity index. Some of these base stocks exhibit very high film strengths under high pressures encountered in metal removal operations. These high VI and high film strength synthetic base stocks can replace corrosive EP additives without loss of machining or drawing (stamping) performance. Residual films remaining after machining are non-reactive and Oil like, providing corrosion protection of in process metal parts prior to assembly. Additionally, high viscosity synthetic base stocks provide low pour points, lower volatility and less vapor interaction within a refrigeration system. Better compatibility with mostly non-polar water insoluble refrigeration lubricants are a benefit. In the future, new refrigerants are likely to be more reactive to reduce environmental persistence. Interactions and effects of various classes MWF with traditional Compressor Lubes and refrigerants are examined and reported
Utle Richard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Emerging Technologies in Metal Working Fluids and Compatibility with Refrigeration Systems
2016Co-Authors: Utle Richard, Foste Mike, Turne NeilAbstract:Metal working fluids (MWF) are basically two types, metal removal (chip making) and metal forming (chip-less). MWF are used in all aspects of production fabrication of refrigeration systems. Metal removal applications typically include turning followed by finish lapping of crankshafts and piston connecting rods, also milling and finish grinding of screw Compressor vanes. Metal forming applications include deep drawing of Compressor housings, wire drawing, tube forming and stamping of electric motor laminations. MWF are not always completely removed before final assembly. The MWF residuals may get mixed into the refrigerant and Compressor lubricant affecting system life and efficiency.  To date, very little compatibility testing of residual MWF in refrigeration Lubes and refrigerants has been investigated.  Unlike most Lube Oils, MWF are typically water-based and traditionally make very high usage of extreme pressure (EP) additives. EP additives help remove metal during the cutting process and actually increase wear. EP containing MWF may interfere with Compressor Lube Oil performance. EP are additives are known to be somewhat acidic and corrosive.  Due environmental persistence concerns, the EPA will restrict the use of chlorinated alkanes as EP additives. Chlorinated alkanes will be being phased out over the next few years and replacements are needed. It has been proven that preformed emulsions are capable of replacing traditional EP additives in MWF. Preformed emulsions allow non-traditional base “Oils†to be used in MWF. These non-traditional base Oils are generally very high in viscosity and viscosity index. Some of these base stocks exhibit very high film strengths under high pressures encountered in metal removal operations. These high VI and high film strength synthetic base stocks can replace corrosive EP additives without loss of machining or drawing (stamping) performance. Residual films remaining after machining are non-reactive and Oil like, providing corrosion protection of in process metal parts prior to assembly. Additionally, high viscosity synthetic base stocks provide low pour points, lower volatility and less vapor interaction within a refrigeration system. Better compatibility with mostly non-polar water insoluble refrigeration lubricants are a benefit. In the future, new refrigerants are likely to be more reactive to reduce environmental persistence. Interactions and effects of various classes MWF with traditional Compressor Lubes and refrigerants are examined and reported