The Experts below are selected from a list of 249 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Matthis Krischel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • German urologists under national socialism
    World Journal of Urology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Matthis Krischel
    Abstract:

    Objectives The first full-time professorship for urology at a German university was established in 1937 and in 1942, a rare teaching qualification (Habilitation) for urology was granted, both at the prestigious Berlin University. At the same time, nearly a third of all physicians who worked in the field of urology were classified as “non-Aryan” according to Nazi race laws and were forced out of their profession and their homeland. Many of them committed suicide or, if they refused to flee, were murdered in concentration camps. German urologists also contributed to Compulsory Sterilization of men according to the “law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring” between 1934 and 1945. Methods Historical sources on the history of urology in Nazi Germany were reviewed and analyzed. These include textbooks and medical journals from the 1930s and 1940s, as well as files from different state and university archives. Results For urologists, the changing political environment in Germany after 1933 offered possibilities to assert their personal and professional interests. Unfortunately, in many cases, moral principles were thrown overboard, and physicians advanced their own careers and the specialty of urology at the expense of their patients and their Jewish colleagues. Conclusion Under national socialism, German urologists backed Nazi health and race policies and in exchange gained further professionalization for their specialty, including university positions and increased independence from surgery. Only in recent years has this chapter of German urology’s past become a topic of debate among members of the professional society.

  • German urologists under national socialism
    World journal of urology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Matthis Krischel
    Abstract:

    Objectives The first full-time professorship for urology at a German university was established in 1937 and in 1942, a rare teaching qualification (Habilitation) for urology was granted, both at the prestigious Berlin University. At the same time, nearly a third of all physicians who worked in the field of urology were classified as “non-Aryan” according to Nazi race laws and were forced out of their profession and their homeland. Many of them committed suicide or, if they refused to flee, were murdered in concentration camps. German urologists also contributed to Compulsory Sterilization of men according to the “law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring” between 1934 and 1945.

Heinz Haefner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comment on E.F. Torrey and R.H. Yolken: “Psychiatric Genocide: Nazi Attempts to Eradicate Schizophrenia” (Schizophr Bull. 2010;36/1:26–32) and R.D. Strous: “Psychiatric Genocide: Reflections and Responsibilities” (Schizophr Bull. Advance Access Publi
    Schizophrenia bulletin, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heinz Haefner
    Abstract:

    Torrey and Yolken wonder whether the killing of mentally ill persons in Nazi Germany reduced the risk for schizophrenia in the following generation. Epidemiological data from Germany do not permit reliable comparisons. Torrey and Yolken point out that horrible crime is still only little known. Strous and several contributors on the Schizophrenia Research Forum confirm that view. The history of ideas shows that social Darwinism in the educated classes and the doctrine of degeneration in psychiatry widely influenced thinking prior to World War II. Psychiatrists, lacking effective treatment for steadily growing numbers of the mentally ill, were susceptible to these ideologies. In a first step, several countries introduced Compulsory Sterilization as a genetic means of preventing diseases believed to be hereditary. Hitler's megalomaniac idea of creating a new human species by steering human evolution through the elimination of "unfit" genes in the mentally ill and inferior races led to the breach of human rights. His euthanasia program-the biggest crime ever perpetrated on the sick-turned out to usher in the gas chambers of the Holocaust.

  • ‘‘Psychiatric Genocide: Reflections and Responsibilities’ ’ (Schizophr Bull.
    2010
    Co-Authors: Heinz Haefner
    Abstract:

    Torrey and Yolken wonder whether the killing of mentally ill persons in Nazi Germany reduced the risk for schizo-phrenia in the following generation. Epidemiological data from Germany do not permit reliable comparisons. Torrey and Yolken point out that horrible crime is still only little known. Strous and several contributors on the Schizophrenia Research Forum confirm that view. The his-tory of ideas shows that social Darwinism in the educated classes and the doctrine of degeneration in psychiatry widely influenced thinking prior to World War II. Psychia-trists, lacking effective treatment for steadily growing num-bers of the mentally ill, were susceptible to these ideologies. In a first step, several countries introduced Compulsory Sterilization as a genetic means of preventing diseases be-lieved to be hereditary. Hitler’s megalomaniac idea of cre

Diego F. Wyszynski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fifty years after the Nuremberg Nazi Doctors' Trial: reviewing how the laws of the Third Reich applied to individuals with oral clefts.
    Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 1998
    Co-Authors: Diego F. Wyszynski
    Abstract:

    The Nazi Doctors' Trial, held in the city of Nuremberg 50 years ago, is a landmark in the history of medicine and science. For the first time, the horrors inflicted by a group of German scientists on innocent victims became widely known. Most of the defendants received sentences that ranged from relatively short imprisonment to death. The Trial also provided elements to develop standards for permissible medical experimentation, known as the Nuremberg Code. The atrocities judged in the Nazi Doctors' Trial, however, were not isolated. They were part of an overall eugenic system that encouraged euthanasia, Compulsory Sterilization, and selective marriages based on "genetic health" and "racial hygiene." Individuals with oral clefts were considered subject to these laws and suffered their consequences. This paper describes the main features of the Trial, reviews the state of knowledge on oral clefts in the 1930s and 1940s, presents how the laws of the Third Reich impacted the lives of individuals with oral clefts, and speculates on the implications of past and present eugenic policies in the future of humankind.

Adalene Ferreira Figueiredo Da Silva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Voluntary and Compulsory Sterilization in Brazil and the Reproductive Rights of Women
    2019
    Co-Authors: Marina Nogueira De Almeida, Adalene Ferreira Figueiredo Da Silva
    Abstract:

    Abstract:  Starting from the premise that the reproductive rights are accomplished by the human right to health, this article aims to study the female Sterilization as a form of curtailment of the reproductive rights of women, considering the way it is regulated and implemented in Brazil. Therefore, thus paper starts with a background of the reproductive rights from the feminist struggle to its insertion into the list of human rights. Then, the concept of reproductive rights is developed followed by a debate on feminism. In the second part, the article's principle objective of the dichotomy between Sterilization as a voluntary and Compulsory measure is analyzed. In order to do so, there is a discussion of how the laws are challenged through looking at how it regulates female Sterilization as well as how public sector (judges and prosecutors) legal professionals enforce the law. The Brazilian Family Planning Act and the 2018 Sao Paulo Compulsory Sterilization case are this article's grounds for analysis. The method is deductive and started from the legal doctrine of the act and the case. The conclusion is that the realization of the reproductive rights agenda debated in Brazil but that reproductive rights are not fully enjoyed by all of its citizens. Women cannot exercise full control over their bodies due to the requirement of their husband's consent and the eugenic action of the Public Prosecutor. Keywords : reproductive rights, voluntary Sterilization, Compulsory Sterilization.

Mogil, Shira A - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Rendering (Im)Purity: Racial Integrity and Compulsory Sterilization in 1924 Virginia
    Digital Commons @ Winthrop University, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mogil, Shira A
    Abstract:

    In 1924, the Virginia General Assembly passed both The Racial Integrity Act and The Sterilization Act. At the height of the Eugenics Movement within the United States, these two policies manifested Virginia’s intent to maintain, protect, and secure the purity of the white race. The passing of The Racial Integrity Act codified the one-drop rule in Virginia. Those who possessed one drop of African blood were black, while those without any “contamination” were white. Virginia institutionalized a racial binary, composed of black and white and forbade whites to marry individuals deemed to be of a different race. The Sterilization Act, on the other hand, allowed for the Compulsory Sterilization of those considered “feebleminded.” In most cases this included poor white women and women of color. Virginia hoped to eradicate the further procreation of the “less-fit,” in an attempt to conceive the strongest white American race. I analyze these acts through the lens of both the larger Eugenics Movement and the passing of racial and “anti miscegenation” laws throughout the United States. I seek to understand the way in which both the larger and more local Virginia eugenics movements were connected to the creation of race in the United States

  • Childbirth, Sterilization, Motherhood, and Reproductive Rights
    Digital Commons @ Winthrop University, 2016
    Co-Authors: Gunter Jasmine, Mogil, Shira A, Holihan Smith, Sarah E, Ricks, Shawn A
    Abstract:

    Please click the links below to view more information about each presentation. “The Situation in Aiken: Race, Class, and Sterilization” Jennifer H. Gunter, University of South Carolina - Columbia “Rendering (Im)Purity: Racial Integrity and Compulsory Sterilization in 1924 Virginia” Shira A. Mogil, New York University ‘Cut But Not Broken:’ Black Women do VBAC” Sarah E. Holihan Smith, College of Charleston “No Safe Place: One Mother\u27s Reflection on Raising Black Children in White Neighborhoods” Shawn A. Ricks, Winston-Salem State Universit