The Experts below are selected from a list of 6 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Joseph P. Fiorellini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Clinical trials and the evaluation of new periodontitis therapies.
    Current opinion in periodontology, 1994
    Co-Authors: David W. Paquette, Joseph P. Fiorellini
    Abstract:

    A number of new periodontitis therapies have recently emerged for either inhibiting disease progression or regenerating lost tissues. As basic research continues to define specific bacteria and host response mechanisms involved in periodontitis, the development of new treatment strategies will continue to expand. This surge in biotechnology along with a tightening of federal regulations has prompted intense interest in clinical trials for testing new periodontitis therapies. A clinical trial is a scientific experiment involving human subjects in which treatment is initiated specifically for evaluation. The overall goal of any clinical trial is to minimize bias and variability. Studying periodontitis in clinical trials presents three problems related to this goal. Periodontitis is a heterogeneous disease grouping, the course of disease is often irregular, and conventional assessment instruments are associated with high error thresholds. Several methods can be used to minimize bias and variability when planning periodontitis trials. These include experimental design selection; inclusion and exclusion criteria; randomization of treatment and blinding; and standardization of treatment, follow-up, and assessment procedures. In addition, recently developed automated periodontal probes and Computer-Assisted Radiography show promise in accurately detecting subtle changes in periodontal support. With improved planning, conduct, and reporting of periodontal clinical trials, investigators can facilitate the transfer of information to clinicians, who can decide on the utility of these new therapies for their periodontitis patients.

Corbett E - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • EP03-120-21 Disease patterns on Computer-Assisted chest Radiography in a community-based prevalence survey for tuberculosis
    2020
    Co-Authors: Twabi H, Chiume L, Nzawa R, Nliwasa M, Macpherson Peter, Corbett E
    Abstract:

    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease agent. Better screening and testing approaches are needed to improve TB screening and case finding. There is a growing interest in the automated analysis of chest x-rays as a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening popula- tions for pulmonary TB. Design/Methods: The SCALE study (Sustainable Com- munity-wide Active Case Finding for Lung hEalth) is a cluster randomised trial investigating whether providing periodic TB/HIV active case finding leads to reduced prevalence of undetected adult infectious TB disease in Blantyre, Malawi. During the trial prevalence survey, participants were screened for TB using sputum for microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF, as well as Computer- Assisted digital chest Radiography (CAD-DCXR), and referred to a community-based clinic for evaluation if they had an abnormal x-ray based on radiographer assessment. We estimated prevalence of CXR abnormali- ties, described using the WHO Integrated Management for Adult Illnesses classification (IMAI), and how they related to CAD-DCXR interpretation. Results: We screened 13,915 participants. 650 had abnormal CXRs and were referred to the clinic. 382 (58.8%) participants attended the community-based clinic. 92 (24.1%) were HIV positive, 92% of whom were on ART. 1 in 5 people were found to have hypertension, with 80% of them having an abnormal CXR. 21 (5.5%) were iden- tified as active TB disease and were linked to health fa- cilities for repeat microbiological testing and treatment initiation. The commonest causes of CXR abnormality was cardiomegaly (n = 83 [21.7%]). The CAD-DCXR system described 61 (16%) to have abnormalities consistent with active TB, 34 (8.9%) having cardiomegaly and 47 (12.3%) having non-classifiable abnormalities. Conclusions: This evaluation draws a broad picture of the burden of disease at community level in Blantyre, which consists of a large burden of undiagnosed non- communicable diseases, and the role of Computer-Assisted Radiography in community-based disease screening

David W. Paquette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Clinical trials and the evaluation of new periodontitis therapies.
    Current opinion in periodontology, 1994
    Co-Authors: David W. Paquette, Joseph P. Fiorellini
    Abstract:

    A number of new periodontitis therapies have recently emerged for either inhibiting disease progression or regenerating lost tissues. As basic research continues to define specific bacteria and host response mechanisms involved in periodontitis, the development of new treatment strategies will continue to expand. This surge in biotechnology along with a tightening of federal regulations has prompted intense interest in clinical trials for testing new periodontitis therapies. A clinical trial is a scientific experiment involving human subjects in which treatment is initiated specifically for evaluation. The overall goal of any clinical trial is to minimize bias and variability. Studying periodontitis in clinical trials presents three problems related to this goal. Periodontitis is a heterogeneous disease grouping, the course of disease is often irregular, and conventional assessment instruments are associated with high error thresholds. Several methods can be used to minimize bias and variability when planning periodontitis trials. These include experimental design selection; inclusion and exclusion criteria; randomization of treatment and blinding; and standardization of treatment, follow-up, and assessment procedures. In addition, recently developed automated periodontal probes and Computer-Assisted Radiography show promise in accurately detecting subtle changes in periodontal support. With improved planning, conduct, and reporting of periodontal clinical trials, investigators can facilitate the transfer of information to clinicians, who can decide on the utility of these new therapies for their periodontitis patients.

Twabi H - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • EP03-120-21 Disease patterns on Computer-Assisted chest Radiography in a community-based prevalence survey for tuberculosis
    2020
    Co-Authors: Twabi H, Chiume L, Nzawa R, Nliwasa M, Macpherson Peter, Corbett E
    Abstract:

    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease agent. Better screening and testing approaches are needed to improve TB screening and case finding. There is a growing interest in the automated analysis of chest x-rays as a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening popula- tions for pulmonary TB. Design/Methods: The SCALE study (Sustainable Com- munity-wide Active Case Finding for Lung hEalth) is a cluster randomised trial investigating whether providing periodic TB/HIV active case finding leads to reduced prevalence of undetected adult infectious TB disease in Blantyre, Malawi. During the trial prevalence survey, participants were screened for TB using sputum for microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF, as well as Computer- Assisted digital chest Radiography (CAD-DCXR), and referred to a community-based clinic for evaluation if they had an abnormal x-ray based on radiographer assessment. We estimated prevalence of CXR abnormali- ties, described using the WHO Integrated Management for Adult Illnesses classification (IMAI), and how they related to CAD-DCXR interpretation. Results: We screened 13,915 participants. 650 had abnormal CXRs and were referred to the clinic. 382 (58.8%) participants attended the community-based clinic. 92 (24.1%) were HIV positive, 92% of whom were on ART. 1 in 5 people were found to have hypertension, with 80% of them having an abnormal CXR. 21 (5.5%) were iden- tified as active TB disease and were linked to health fa- cilities for repeat microbiological testing and treatment initiation. The commonest causes of CXR abnormality was cardiomegaly (n = 83 [21.7%]). The CAD-DCXR system described 61 (16%) to have abnormalities consistent with active TB, 34 (8.9%) having cardiomegaly and 47 (12.3%) having non-classifiable abnormalities. Conclusions: This evaluation draws a broad picture of the burden of disease at community level in Blantyre, which consists of a large burden of undiagnosed non- communicable diseases, and the role of Computer-Assisted Radiography in community-based disease screening

Chiume L - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • EP03-120-21 Disease patterns on Computer-Assisted chest Radiography in a community-based prevalence survey for tuberculosis
    2020
    Co-Authors: Twabi H, Chiume L, Nzawa R, Nliwasa M, Macpherson Peter, Corbett E
    Abstract:

    Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death from a single infectious disease agent. Better screening and testing approaches are needed to improve TB screening and case finding. There is a growing interest in the automated analysis of chest x-rays as a sensitive and inexpensive means of screening popula- tions for pulmonary TB. Design/Methods: The SCALE study (Sustainable Com- munity-wide Active Case Finding for Lung hEalth) is a cluster randomised trial investigating whether providing periodic TB/HIV active case finding leads to reduced prevalence of undetected adult infectious TB disease in Blantyre, Malawi. During the trial prevalence survey, participants were screened for TB using sputum for microscopy and Xpert MTB/RIF, as well as Computer- Assisted digital chest Radiography (CAD-DCXR), and referred to a community-based clinic for evaluation if they had an abnormal x-ray based on radiographer assessment. We estimated prevalence of CXR abnormali- ties, described using the WHO Integrated Management for Adult Illnesses classification (IMAI), and how they related to CAD-DCXR interpretation. Results: We screened 13,915 participants. 650 had abnormal CXRs and were referred to the clinic. 382 (58.8%) participants attended the community-based clinic. 92 (24.1%) were HIV positive, 92% of whom were on ART. 1 in 5 people were found to have hypertension, with 80% of them having an abnormal CXR. 21 (5.5%) were iden- tified as active TB disease and were linked to health fa- cilities for repeat microbiological testing and treatment initiation. The commonest causes of CXR abnormality was cardiomegaly (n = 83 [21.7%]). The CAD-DCXR system described 61 (16%) to have abnormalities consistent with active TB, 34 (8.9%) having cardiomegaly and 47 (12.3%) having non-classifiable abnormalities. Conclusions: This evaluation draws a broad picture of the burden of disease at community level in Blantyre, which consists of a large burden of undiagnosed non- communicable diseases, and the role of Computer-Assisted Radiography in community-based disease screening