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Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a novel gis based ensemble technique for flood susceptibility mapping using evidential belief function and support vector machine brisbane australia
    PeerJ, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Lalit Kumar, Farzin Shabani
    Abstract:

    In this study, we propose and test a novel ensemble method for improving the accuracy of each method in flood susceptibility mapping using evidential belief function (EBF) and support vector machine (SVM). The outcome of the proposed method was compared with the results of each method. The proposed method was implemented four times using different SVM kernels. Hence, the efficiency of each SVM kernel was also assessed. First, a bivariate statistical analysis using EBF was performed to assess the correlations among the classes of each flood Conditioning Factor with flooding. Subsequently, the outcome of the first stage was used in a multivariate statistical analysis performed by SVM. A highest prediction accuracy of 92.11% was achieved by an ensemble EBF-SVM-radial basis function method; the achieved accuracy was 7% and 3% higher than that offered by the individual EBF method and the individual SVM method, respectively. Among all the applied methods, both the individual EBF and SVM methods achieved the lowest accuracies. The reason for the improved accuracy offered by the ensemble methods is that by integrating the methods, a more detailed assessment of the flooding and Conditioning Factors can be performed, thereby increasing the accuracy of the final map.

  • the application of a dempster shafer based evidential belief function in flood susceptibility mapping and comparison with frequency ratio and logistic regression methods
    Environmental Earth Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Lalit Kumar
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most common natural disasters worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of the Dempster–Shafer-based evidential belief function (EBF) for spatial prediction of flood-susceptible areas in Brisbane, Australia. This algorithm has been tested in landslide and groundwater mapping; however, it has not been examined in flood susceptibility modelling. EBF has an advantage over other statistical methods through its capability of evaluating the impacts of all classes of every flood-Conditioning Factor on flooding and assessing the correlation between each Factor and flooding. EBF outcomes were compared with the results of well-known statistical methods, including logistic regression (LR) and frequency ratio (FR). Flood-Conditioning Factor data set consisted of elevation, aspect, plan curvature, slope, topographic wetness index (TWI), geology, stream power index (SPI), soil, land use/cover, rainfall, distance from roads and distance from rivers. EBF produced the highest prediction rate (82.60%) among all the methods. The research findings may provide a useful methodology for natural hazard and land use management.

  • flood susceptibility analysis and its verification using a novel ensemble support vector machine and frequency ratio method
    Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most commonly occurred natural hazards worldwide. Severe flood occurrences in Kelantan, Malaysia cause damage to both life and property every year. Due to the huge losses in this area, development of appropriate flood modeling is required for the government. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques can support overall flood management as they can produce rapid data collection and analysis for hydrological studies. The existing models for flood mapping have some weak points that may improve through more sophisticated and ensemble methods. The current research aimed to propose a novel ensemble method by integrating support vector machine (SVM) and frequency ratio (FR) to produce spatial modeling in flood susceptibility assessment. In the literature, mostly statistical and machine learning methods are used individually; however, their integration can enhance the final output. The FR model can perform bivariate statistical analysis and evaluate the correlation between the flooding and classes of each Conditioning Factors. The weights achieved by FR can be assigned to each Conditioning Factor and the resulted Factors can be used in SVM analysis. In order to examine the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method and to show the proficiency of SVM, another machine learning algorithm such as decision tree (DT) was applied and the results were compared. To perform the methods, the upper catchment of the Kelantan basin in Malaysia was chosen. First, a flood inventory map with a total of 155 flood locations were extracted from various sources over the study area. The flood inventory map was randomly divided into two dataset; 70 % (115 flood locations) for the purpose of training and the remaining 30 % (40 flood locations) was used for validation. The spatial database included digital elevation model, curvature, geology, river, stream power index, rainfall, land use/cover, soil type, topographic wetness index and slope. For model validation, area under curve method was used and both success and prediction rate curves were calculated. The validation results for ensemble method showed 88.71 and 85.21 % for success rate and prediction rate respectively. The DT model showed 87.00 and 82.00 % for the success rate and prediction rate respectively. It is evident that the accuracies were increased using the ensemble method. The acquired results proved the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method as rapid, accurate and reasonable in flood susceptibility assessment.

  • Manifestation of LiDAR-Derived Parameters in the Spatial Prediction of Landslides Using Novel Ensemble Evidential Belief Functions and Support Vector Machine Models in GIS
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Neamah Jebur, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany
    Abstract:

    Landslide susceptibility mapping is indispensable for disaster management and planning development operations in mountainous regions. The potential use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data was explored in this study for deriving landslide-Conditioning Factors for the spatial prediction of landslide-susceptible areas in a landslide-prone area in Ulu Klang, Malaysia. Nine landslide-Conditioning Factors, such as altitude, slope, aspect, curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), terrain roughness index (TRI), sediment transport index (STI), and slope length (SL), were directly derived from LiDAR for landslide-susceptibility mapping. The main objective of this research was to propose a novel ensemble landslide susceptibility mapping method to enhance the performance of individual methods of support vector machine (SVM) and evidential belief function (EBF). SVM is time-consuming when various data types, such as nominal, scale, and ordinal, are used. This characteristic of the individual SVM method is not optimal for hazard modeling. This drawback can be resolved by assessing the effects of the classes of each Conditioning Factor on landslide occurrence through a data-driven EBF method. Hence, EBF was applied in this study, and weights were acquired for the classes of each Conditioning Factor. The Conditioning Factors were reclassified based on the attained weights and entered into SVM as a scale to evaluate the correlation between landslide occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Four SVM kernel types [radial basis function kernel (RBF), sigmoid kernel (SIG), linear kernel (LN), and polynomial kernel (PL)] were tested to explore the efficiency of each kernel in SVM modeling. The efficiencies of the ensemble EBF and SVM methods were examined through area under curve (AUC). The RBF kernel obtained better results than the other kernel types. The success and prediction rates obtained from the validation results of ensemble EBF and RBF-SVM method were 83.04% and 80.04%, respectively. The proposed novel ensemble method reasonably accelerated the processing and enhanced the results by combining the advantages of both methods.

  • flood susceptibility mapping using a novel ensemble weights of evidence and support vector machine models in gis
    Journal of Hydrology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters that occur frequently in Terengganu, Malaysia. Recently, ensemble based techniques are getting extremely popular in flood modeling. In this paper, weights-of-evidence (WoE) model was utilized first, to assess the impact of classes of each Conditioning Factor on flooding through bivariate statistical analysis (BSA). Then, these Factors were reclassified using the acquired weights and entered into the support vector machine (SVM) model to evaluate the correlation between flood occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Through this integration, the weak point of WoE can be solved and the performance of the SVM will be enhanced. The spatial database included flood inventory, slope, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), altitude, curvature, distance from the river, geology, rainfall, land use/cover (LULC), and soil type. Four kernel types of SVM (linear kernel (LN), polynomial kernel (PL), radial basis function kernel (RBF), and sigmoid kernel (SIG)) were used to investigate the performance of each kernel type. The efficiency of the new ensemble WoE and SVM method was tested using area under curve (AUC) which measured the prediction and success rates. The validation results proved the strength and efficiency of the ensemble method over the individual methods. The best results were obtained from RBF kernel when compared with the other kernel types. Success rate and prediction rate for ensemble WoE and RBF-SVM method were 96.48% and 95.67% respectively. The proposed ensemble flood susceptibility mapping method could assist researchers and local governments in flood mitigation strategies.

Biswajeet Pradhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • landslide vulnerability and risk assessment for multi hazard scenarios using airborne laser scanning data lidar
    Landslides, 2017
    Co-Authors: Waleed M Abdulwahid, Biswajeet Pradhan
    Abstract:

    Landslide hazard, vulnerability, and risk-zoning maps are considered in the decision-making process that involves land use/land cover (LULC) planning in disaster-prone areas. The accuracy of these analyses is directly related to the quality of spatial data needed and methods employed to obtain such data. In this study, we produced a landslide inventory map that depicts 164 landslide locations using high-resolution airborne laser scanning data. The landslide inventory data were randomly divided into a training dataset: 70 % for training the models and 30 % for validation. In the initial step, a susceptibility map was developed using logistic regression approach in which weights were assigned to every Conditioning Factor. A high-resolution airborne laser scanning data (LiDAR) was used to derive the landslide Conditioning Factors for the spatial prediction of landslide hazard areas. The resultant susceptibility was validated using the area under the curve method. The validation result showed 86.22 and 84.87 % success and prediction rates, respectively. In the second stage, a landslide hazard map was produced using precipitation data for 15 years. The precipitation maps were subsequently prepared and show two main categories (two temporal probabilities) for the study area (the average for any day in a year and abnormal intensity recorded in any day for 15 years) and three return periods (15-, 10-, and 5-year periods). Hazard assessment was performed for the entire study area. In the third step, an element at risk map was prepared using LULC, which was considered in the vulnerability assessment. A vulnerability map was derived according to the following criteria: cost, time required for reconstruction, relative risk of landslide, risk to population, and general effect to certain damage. These criteria were applied only on the LULC of the study area because of lack of data on the population and building footprint and types. Finally, risk maps were produced using the derived vulnerability and hazard information. Thereafter, a risk analysis was conducted. The LULC map was cross-matched with the results of the hazard maps for the return period, and the losses were aggregated for the LULC. Then, the losses were calculated for the three return periods. The map of the risk areas may assist planners in overall landslide hazard management.

  • flood susceptibility analysis and its verification using a novel ensemble support vector machine and frequency ratio method
    Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most commonly occurred natural hazards worldwide. Severe flood occurrences in Kelantan, Malaysia cause damage to both life and property every year. Due to the huge losses in this area, development of appropriate flood modeling is required for the government. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques can support overall flood management as they can produce rapid data collection and analysis for hydrological studies. The existing models for flood mapping have some weak points that may improve through more sophisticated and ensemble methods. The current research aimed to propose a novel ensemble method by integrating support vector machine (SVM) and frequency ratio (FR) to produce spatial modeling in flood susceptibility assessment. In the literature, mostly statistical and machine learning methods are used individually; however, their integration can enhance the final output. The FR model can perform bivariate statistical analysis and evaluate the correlation between the flooding and classes of each Conditioning Factors. The weights achieved by FR can be assigned to each Conditioning Factor and the resulted Factors can be used in SVM analysis. In order to examine the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method and to show the proficiency of SVM, another machine learning algorithm such as decision tree (DT) was applied and the results were compared. To perform the methods, the upper catchment of the Kelantan basin in Malaysia was chosen. First, a flood inventory map with a total of 155 flood locations were extracted from various sources over the study area. The flood inventory map was randomly divided into two dataset; 70 % (115 flood locations) for the purpose of training and the remaining 30 % (40 flood locations) was used for validation. The spatial database included digital elevation model, curvature, geology, river, stream power index, rainfall, land use/cover, soil type, topographic wetness index and slope. For model validation, area under curve method was used and both success and prediction rate curves were calculated. The validation results for ensemble method showed 88.71 and 85.21 % for success rate and prediction rate respectively. The DT model showed 87.00 and 82.00 % for the success rate and prediction rate respectively. It is evident that the accuracies were increased using the ensemble method. The acquired results proved the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method as rapid, accurate and reasonable in flood susceptibility assessment.

  • Manifestation of LiDAR-Derived Parameters in the Spatial Prediction of Landslides Using Novel Ensemble Evidential Belief Functions and Support Vector Machine Models in GIS
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Neamah Jebur, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany
    Abstract:

    Landslide susceptibility mapping is indispensable for disaster management and planning development operations in mountainous regions. The potential use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data was explored in this study for deriving landslide-Conditioning Factors for the spatial prediction of landslide-susceptible areas in a landslide-prone area in Ulu Klang, Malaysia. Nine landslide-Conditioning Factors, such as altitude, slope, aspect, curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), terrain roughness index (TRI), sediment transport index (STI), and slope length (SL), were directly derived from LiDAR for landslide-susceptibility mapping. The main objective of this research was to propose a novel ensemble landslide susceptibility mapping method to enhance the performance of individual methods of support vector machine (SVM) and evidential belief function (EBF). SVM is time-consuming when various data types, such as nominal, scale, and ordinal, are used. This characteristic of the individual SVM method is not optimal for hazard modeling. This drawback can be resolved by assessing the effects of the classes of each Conditioning Factor on landslide occurrence through a data-driven EBF method. Hence, EBF was applied in this study, and weights were acquired for the classes of each Conditioning Factor. The Conditioning Factors were reclassified based on the attained weights and entered into SVM as a scale to evaluate the correlation between landslide occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Four SVM kernel types [radial basis function kernel (RBF), sigmoid kernel (SIG), linear kernel (LN), and polynomial kernel (PL)] were tested to explore the efficiency of each kernel in SVM modeling. The efficiencies of the ensemble EBF and SVM methods were examined through area under curve (AUC). The RBF kernel obtained better results than the other kernel types. The success and prediction rates obtained from the validation results of ensemble EBF and RBF-SVM method were 83.04% and 80.04%, respectively. The proposed novel ensemble method reasonably accelerated the processing and enhanced the results by combining the advantages of both methods.

  • flood susceptibility mapping using a novel ensemble weights of evidence and support vector machine models in gis
    Journal of Hydrology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters that occur frequently in Terengganu, Malaysia. Recently, ensemble based techniques are getting extremely popular in flood modeling. In this paper, weights-of-evidence (WoE) model was utilized first, to assess the impact of classes of each Conditioning Factor on flooding through bivariate statistical analysis (BSA). Then, these Factors were reclassified using the acquired weights and entered into the support vector machine (SVM) model to evaluate the correlation between flood occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Through this integration, the weak point of WoE can be solved and the performance of the SVM will be enhanced. The spatial database included flood inventory, slope, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), altitude, curvature, distance from the river, geology, rainfall, land use/cover (LULC), and soil type. Four kernel types of SVM (linear kernel (LN), polynomial kernel (PL), radial basis function kernel (RBF), and sigmoid kernel (SIG)) were used to investigate the performance of each kernel type. The efficiency of the new ensemble WoE and SVM method was tested using area under curve (AUC) which measured the prediction and success rates. The validation results proved the strength and efficiency of the ensemble method over the individual methods. The best results were obtained from RBF kernel when compared with the other kernel types. Success rate and prediction rate for ensemble WoE and RBF-SVM method were 96.48% and 95.67% respectively. The proposed ensemble flood susceptibility mapping method could assist researchers and local governments in flood mitigation strategies.

  • a novel ensemble bivariate statistical evidential belief function with knowledge based analytical hierarchy process and multivariate statistical logistic regression for landslide susceptibility mapping
    Catena, 2014
    Co-Authors: Omar F Althuwaynee, Biswajeet Pradhan, Hyuckjin Park, Jung Hyun Lee
    Abstract:

    This study compares the landslide susceptibility maps from four application models, namely, (1) the bivariate model of the Dempster–Shafer based evidential belief function (EBF); (2) integration of the EBF in the knowledge-based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) as a pairwise comparison model processed by using all available causative Factors; (3) integration of the EBF in the knowledge-based AHP as a pairwise comparison model by using high nominated causative Factor weights only; and (4) integrated EBF in the logistic regression (LR) as a multivariate model by using nominated causative Factor weights only. These models were tested in Pohang and Gyeongju Cities (South Korea) by using the geographic information system GIS platform. In the first step, a landslide inventory map consisting of 296 landslide locations were prepared from various data sources. Then, a total of 15 landslide causative Factors (slope angle, slope aspect, curvature, surface roughness, altitude, distance from drainages, stream power index, topographic wetness index, wood age, wood diameter, wood type, forest density, soil thickness, soil texture, and soil drainage) were extracted from the database and then converted into a raster. Final susceptibility maps exhibit close results from the two models. Models 1 and 3 predicted 82.3% and 80% of testing data during the analysis, respectively. Thus, Models 1 and 3 show better performance than LR. These resultant maps can be used to extend the capability of bivariate statistical based model, by finding the relationship between each single Conditioning Factor and landslide locations, moreover, the proposed ensemble model can be used to show the inter-relationships importance between each Conditioning Factors, without the need to refer to the multivariate statistic. The research outcome may provide powerful tools for natural hazard assessment and land use planning.

Farzin Shabani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a novel gis based ensemble technique for flood susceptibility mapping using evidential belief function and support vector machine brisbane australia
    PeerJ, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Lalit Kumar, Farzin Shabani
    Abstract:

    In this study, we propose and test a novel ensemble method for improving the accuracy of each method in flood susceptibility mapping using evidential belief function (EBF) and support vector machine (SVM). The outcome of the proposed method was compared with the results of each method. The proposed method was implemented four times using different SVM kernels. Hence, the efficiency of each SVM kernel was also assessed. First, a bivariate statistical analysis using EBF was performed to assess the correlations among the classes of each flood Conditioning Factor with flooding. Subsequently, the outcome of the first stage was used in a multivariate statistical analysis performed by SVM. A highest prediction accuracy of 92.11% was achieved by an ensemble EBF-SVM-radial basis function method; the achieved accuracy was 7% and 3% higher than that offered by the individual EBF method and the individual SVM method, respectively. Among all the applied methods, both the individual EBF and SVM methods achieved the lowest accuracies. The reason for the improved accuracy offered by the ensemble methods is that by integrating the methods, a more detailed assessment of the flooding and Conditioning Factors can be performed, thereby increasing the accuracy of the final map.

Mustafa Neamah Jebur - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • flood susceptibility analysis and its verification using a novel ensemble support vector machine and frequency ratio method
    Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most commonly occurred natural hazards worldwide. Severe flood occurrences in Kelantan, Malaysia cause damage to both life and property every year. Due to the huge losses in this area, development of appropriate flood modeling is required for the government. Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques can support overall flood management as they can produce rapid data collection and analysis for hydrological studies. The existing models for flood mapping have some weak points that may improve through more sophisticated and ensemble methods. The current research aimed to propose a novel ensemble method by integrating support vector machine (SVM) and frequency ratio (FR) to produce spatial modeling in flood susceptibility assessment. In the literature, mostly statistical and machine learning methods are used individually; however, their integration can enhance the final output. The FR model can perform bivariate statistical analysis and evaluate the correlation between the flooding and classes of each Conditioning Factors. The weights achieved by FR can be assigned to each Conditioning Factor and the resulted Factors can be used in SVM analysis. In order to examine the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method and to show the proficiency of SVM, another machine learning algorithm such as decision tree (DT) was applied and the results were compared. To perform the methods, the upper catchment of the Kelantan basin in Malaysia was chosen. First, a flood inventory map with a total of 155 flood locations were extracted from various sources over the study area. The flood inventory map was randomly divided into two dataset; 70 % (115 flood locations) for the purpose of training and the remaining 30 % (40 flood locations) was used for validation. The spatial database included digital elevation model, curvature, geology, river, stream power index, rainfall, land use/cover, soil type, topographic wetness index and slope. For model validation, area under curve method was used and both success and prediction rate curves were calculated. The validation results for ensemble method showed 88.71 and 85.21 % for success rate and prediction rate respectively. The DT model showed 87.00 and 82.00 % for the success rate and prediction rate respectively. It is evident that the accuracies were increased using the ensemble method. The acquired results proved the efficiency of the proposed ensemble method as rapid, accurate and reasonable in flood susceptibility assessment.

  • Manifestation of LiDAR-Derived Parameters in the Spatial Prediction of Landslides Using Novel Ensemble Evidential Belief Functions and Support Vector Machine Models in GIS
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 2015
    Co-Authors: Mustafa Neamah Jebur, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany
    Abstract:

    Landslide susceptibility mapping is indispensable for disaster management and planning development operations in mountainous regions. The potential use of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data was explored in this study for deriving landslide-Conditioning Factors for the spatial prediction of landslide-susceptible areas in a landslide-prone area in Ulu Klang, Malaysia. Nine landslide-Conditioning Factors, such as altitude, slope, aspect, curvature, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), terrain roughness index (TRI), sediment transport index (STI), and slope length (SL), were directly derived from LiDAR for landslide-susceptibility mapping. The main objective of this research was to propose a novel ensemble landslide susceptibility mapping method to enhance the performance of individual methods of support vector machine (SVM) and evidential belief function (EBF). SVM is time-consuming when various data types, such as nominal, scale, and ordinal, are used. This characteristic of the individual SVM method is not optimal for hazard modeling. This drawback can be resolved by assessing the effects of the classes of each Conditioning Factor on landslide occurrence through a data-driven EBF method. Hence, EBF was applied in this study, and weights were acquired for the classes of each Conditioning Factor. The Conditioning Factors were reclassified based on the attained weights and entered into SVM as a scale to evaluate the correlation between landslide occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Four SVM kernel types [radial basis function kernel (RBF), sigmoid kernel (SIG), linear kernel (LN), and polynomial kernel (PL)] were tested to explore the efficiency of each kernel in SVM modeling. The efficiencies of the ensemble EBF and SVM methods were examined through area under curve (AUC). The RBF kernel obtained better results than the other kernel types. The success and prediction rates obtained from the validation results of ensemble EBF and RBF-SVM method were 83.04% and 80.04%, respectively. The proposed novel ensemble method reasonably accelerated the processing and enhanced the results by combining the advantages of both methods.

  • flood susceptibility mapping using a novel ensemble weights of evidence and support vector machine models in gis
    Journal of Hydrology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Mahyat Shafapour Tehrany, Biswajeet Pradhan, Mustafa Neamah Jebur
    Abstract:

    Flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters that occur frequently in Terengganu, Malaysia. Recently, ensemble based techniques are getting extremely popular in flood modeling. In this paper, weights-of-evidence (WoE) model was utilized first, to assess the impact of classes of each Conditioning Factor on flooding through bivariate statistical analysis (BSA). Then, these Factors were reclassified using the acquired weights and entered into the support vector machine (SVM) model to evaluate the correlation between flood occurrence and each Conditioning Factor. Through this integration, the weak point of WoE can be solved and the performance of the SVM will be enhanced. The spatial database included flood inventory, slope, stream power index (SPI), topographic wetness index (TWI), altitude, curvature, distance from the river, geology, rainfall, land use/cover (LULC), and soil type. Four kernel types of SVM (linear kernel (LN), polynomial kernel (PL), radial basis function kernel (RBF), and sigmoid kernel (SIG)) were used to investigate the performance of each kernel type. The efficiency of the new ensemble WoE and SVM method was tested using area under curve (AUC) which measured the prediction and success rates. The validation results proved the strength and efficiency of the ensemble method over the individual methods. The best results were obtained from RBF kernel when compared with the other kernel types. Success rate and prediction rate for ensemble WoE and RBF-SVM method were 96.48% and 95.67% respectively. The proposed ensemble flood susceptibility mapping method could assist researchers and local governments in flood mitigation strategies.

Aguirre Bermeo Fernanda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • La obra residencial de Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López y Javier Subías desde el Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós : Barcelona, 1959-1970
    Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018
    Co-Authors: Aguirre Bermeo Fernanda
    Abstract:

    The research is focused on modern collective housing projects whose forms of implantation stand out in the relationship with the urban context that precedes them. In the specific case of Barcelona, the task confronts the Cerdà block layout with the design strategy developed by the team of architects Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López Íñigo and Javier Subías between 1959 and 1970. The focus point takes place on the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós (1959). It compiles and edits varied graphic documentation on the peripheries and architecture of the residential complexes designed by the Giráldez-López-Subías team, with the aim of establishing relationships and conjectures. Project and city, Ensanche and periphery, buildings and plots, housing and collective space, are subjects that show the significance of an urban landscape built in a relatively short period of time, often yielded to economic constraints and the late process of urban infrastructure. It appeals, by one hand, to the revision of the documents of the projects held in the Historical Archive of the Col-legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya (COAC) together with the exhaustive and valuable material of the archive of the Institut Municipal de l’Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona (IMHAB). By other hand, it presents a selection of photographs and maps recovered from various local archives, which, when contrasted with current graphic documents, organize an original story. The selection of photographs corroborates the narrative of the consolidation process and the current situation of the projects under study. At the same time they represent the collective memory that has built the image of the city: the collective imaginary. As such, “the perception of the city, which is not continuous but rather partial, fragmentary” (Lynch, 1984: 10), tends to eliminate in a subjective but conscious way what is irrelevant to it. The collective imaginary around the periphery and the massive housing projects has neglected important details that diverted attention from the quality of the architectural background and the formation of the urban landscape. In this way, an imaginary is not definitive if a new look is projected to reconstruct these past scenarios in order to put them in their current state and to observe the circumstances that have defined their fate. Amidst the symbolic force of traditional Barcelona represented by the Cerdà Plan, the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós is designed as a housing system in accordance with the new needs of the modern city and at the same time is adapted to a prevailing layout. In derivation, it is analysed the residential work of the same team carried out as housing complexes: Conjunto Avenida Diagonal (1963), Conjunto en la calle Guipúzcoa (1964) and Conjunto en Avenida Gran Vía (1966). This shows that despite the fact that the projects undertaken respond to different social and economic situations, they reveal the notion of modern urban space and the intense development of collective space. They also coincide in having been located in what at that time was called the periphery, the place where the Cerdà layout had no action or was undefined due to the absence of buildings. The study of the projects as contrasted with the Cerdà block makes it possible to compare the urban fabric and the architectural project; the first, around the dialogue of infrastructure, green space, services and housing; the second, as the concrete reality that gives way to the collective experience. The study approaches the periphery from an historical perspective in order to highlight the process of urban consolidation. The Levante of Barcelona, for example, was a sector of late consolidation where the geometry of the Cerdà layout was transformed into a present but diffuse layer. At the time of populating the Levante, several reflections had already been made about the rigidity and lack of capacity of the Cerdà block to absorb the housing crisis. In 1953 the Regional Plan and the creation of the Partial Plans take place. Although the Plano Cerdà (1859) constituted the refoundation of Barcelona (Armesto, 1982: 94), the multiple Partial Plans developed since 1956 were actions in order to “refound” - in the manner of pieces - the depopulated peripheral territories. The initial authors of the Plan Parcial del Poblado Sud-Oeste del Besós were Pedro López, Javier Subías, José Puig Torné and Enrique Giralt Ortet, from the Patronato Municipal de la Vivienda. They formulated a housing system with the collective space as a protagonist, in order to organize through it the dwelling and the common buildings. This Plan set important guidelines for implementation, subdivision, heights and uses and guided several teams of architects to develop architectural designs. Pedro López, Javier Subías and Guillermo Giráldez were one of the teams that stood out in that task and which was also the first to design and build at the Polígono. In spite of being known only by a portion of the Polígono, it has been verified that they also designed the commercial pavilions, a civic center and other complementary services. It is true that the episode of massive housing, together with the lack of attention to social problems, triggered a series of regrettable events. However, it is possible to rescue effective facts that shaped the urban landscape and with it, to overcome the negative stigma on the periphery still present since its first appearance. To our days it is verified that, among the immense group of polygons of housing, the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós has greatly contributed to the collective space and to the configuration of a vivid urban landscape. In the subsequent work of the team, designed as residential complexes, the strategy is repeated. Supported by the public professional practice that Pedro López carried out at the Planning Department of the Town Hall, the team managed to draw up the proposals for the respective Partial Plans and Building Regulations and then adjust them in their private office that had been operating since 1956. The architectural-urban approach favoured habitability and collective space over the mere construction of houses. It is evident how the team faces the task of reconciling urban and architectural scale, composing a system of visual, formal and constructive relations, even knowing that, except for the project for Avenida Diagonal, economic constraints were an important Conditioning Factor for its construction. Although the dwelling has contained a program of minimum dimensions, it had to ensure spatial well-being. In this aspect, the correct resolution of the floor architectural plan, articulating spaces and separating others, steers towards the design of the built-in furniture and the facade elements, all of them in harmony of composition and in modular rigorLa investigación se ocupa de proyectos modernos de vivienda colectiva cuyas formas de implantación sobresalen en la relación con el contexto urbano que le precede. En el caso específico de Barcelona, el ejercicio confronta el trazado de manzanas Cerdà con la estrategia proyectual desarrollada por el equipo de arquitectos Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López Íñigo y Javier Subías entre 1959 y 1970. Como punto de partida, el trabajo toma al Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós (1959). Hace una compilación y edición de variada documentación gráfica en torno a las periferias y la arquitectura de los conjuntos residenciales realizados por el equipo Giráldez-López-Subías, con el fin de construir relaciones y conjeturas. Proyecto y ciudad, Ensanche y periferia, edificios y parcelas, vivienda y espacio colectivo, son tópicos que muestran la significación de un paisaje urbano construido en un periodo relativamente corto, doblegado muchas veces ante la estrechez económica y al tan tardío proceso de construcción de infraestructura urbana. Recurre a la revisión de los documentos de los proyectos salvaguardados en el Archivo Histórico del Col?legi d?Arquitectes de Catalunya (COAC) junto al exhaustivo y valioso material del archivo del l?Institut Municipal de l?Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona (IMHAB). A más, presenta una selección de fotografías y mapas rescatados de varios archivos locales, que al contraponerse con los documentos gráficos actuales, organizan un relato inédito. La selección de fotografías corrobora al relato del proceso de consolidación y a la situación actual de los proyectos en estudio. En medio de la fuerza simbólica de la Barcelona tradicional representada por el Plan Cerdà, el Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós se resuelve como un sistema de habitación de acuerdo a las nuevas necesidades de la ciudad moderna y al mismo tiempo se adapta a un trazado imperante. En derivación se analiza la obra residencial del mismo equipo resuelta como conjuntos habitacionales: Conjunto en la Rambla Guipúzcoa (1964-1965) Conjunto en Avenida Diagonal (1965-1967, 1973), y Conjunto en Avenida Gran Vía (1967-1969). Con ello se evidencia que a pesar de que los proyectos abordados responden a distintas situaciones sociales y económicas, revelan la noción de espacio urbano moderno y el desarrollo intenso del espacio colectivo. Coinciden además en haber sido emplazados en lo que en aquella época se denominaba periferia, aquel lugar donde la traza Cerdà no tenía acción o se mostraba indefinida por causa de la ausencia de edificación. De esta forma, el estudio aborda a la periferia desde una perspectiva histórica para poner en relieve el proceso de consolidación urbana. El estudio del Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós en contraposición con la manzana Cerdà posibilita entonces, la comparación entre tejido urbano y proyecto arquitectónico; el primero, en torno al diálogo de infraestructura, espacio verde, servicios y vivienda; el segundo, como la realidad concreta que da paso a la experiencia colectiva. Se verifica que en la obra posterior al Polígono, resuelta como conjuntos residenciales, la estrategia empleada se repite. Apoyados en el ejercicio profesional público que Pedro López desempeñaba en el Departamento de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento, el equipo Giráldez-López-Subías logra esbozar las propuestas para los Planes Parciales y Ordenaciones respectivas para luego afinarlas en el despacho privado que desde 1956 mantenían operativo. El planteamiento arquitectónico-urbano apostaba por la habitabilidad y el espacio colectivo por sobre la mera construcción de viviendas. En este aspecto, la correcta resolución de la planta articulando espacios y separando otros deriva hacia el diseño de los mobiliarios empotrados y los elementos de fachada, todos ellos en armonía de composición y en rigor modular

  • La obra residencial de Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López y Javier Subías desde el Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós : Barcelona, 1959-1970
    Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2018
    Co-Authors: Aguirre Bermeo Fernanda
    Abstract:

    The research is focused on modern collective housing projects whose forms of implantation stand out in the relationship with the urban context that precedes them. In the specific case of Barcelona, the task confronts the Cerdà block layout with the design strategy developed by the team of architects Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López Íñigo and Javier Subías between 1959 and 1970. The focus point takes place on the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós (1959). It compiles and edits varied graphic documentation on the peripheries and architecture of the residential complexes designed by the Giráldez-López-Subías team, with the aim of establishing relationships and conjectures. Project and city, Ensanche and periphery, buildings and plots, housing and collective space, are subjects that show the significance of an urban landscape built in a relatively short period of time, often yielded to economic constraints and the late process of urban infrastructure. It appeals, by one hand, to the revision of the documents of the projects held in the Historical Archive of the Col-legi d’Arquitectes de Catalunya (COAC) together with the exhaustive and valuable material of the archive of the Institut Municipal de l’Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona (IMHAB). By other hand, it presents a selection of photographs and maps recovered from various local archives, which, when contrasted with current graphic documents, organize an original story. The selection of photographs corroborates the narrative of the consolidation process and the current situation of the projects under study. At the same time they represent the collective memory that has built the image of the city: the collective imaginary. As such, “the perception of the city, which is not continuous but rather partial, fragmentary” (Lynch, 1984: 10), tends to eliminate in a subjective but conscious way what is irrelevant to it. The collective imaginary around the periphery and the massive housing projects has neglected important details that diverted attention from the quality of the architectural background and the formation of the urban landscape. In this way, an imaginary is not definitive if a new look is projected to reconstruct these past scenarios in order to put them in their current state and to observe the circumstances that have defined their fate. Amidst the symbolic force of traditional Barcelona represented by the Cerdà Plan, the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós is designed as a housing system in accordance with the new needs of the modern city and at the same time is adapted to a prevailing layout. In derivation, it is analysed the residential work of the same team carried out as housing complexes: Conjunto Avenida Diagonal (1963), Conjunto en la calle Guipúzcoa (1964) and Conjunto en Avenida Gran Vía (1966). This shows that despite the fact that the projects undertaken respond to different social and economic situations, they reveal the notion of modern urban space and the intense development of collective space. They also coincide in having been located in what at that time was called the periphery, the place where the Cerdà layout had no action or was undefined due to the absence of buildings. The study of the projects as contrasted with the Cerdà block makes it possible to compare the urban fabric and the architectural project; the first, around the dialogue of infrastructure, green space, services and housing; the second, as the concrete reality that gives way to the collective experience. The study approaches the periphery from an historical perspective in order to highlight the process of urban consolidation. The Levante of Barcelona, for example, was a sector of late consolidation where the geometry of the Cerdà layout was transformed into a present but diffuse layer. At the time of populating the Levante, several reflections had already been made about the rigidity and lack of capacity of the Cerdà block to absorb the housing crisis. In 1953 the Regional Plan and the creation of the Partial Plans take place. Although the Plano Cerdà (1859) constituted the refoundation of Barcelona (Armesto, 1982: 94), the multiple Partial Plans developed since 1956 were actions in order to “refound” - in the manner of pieces - the depopulated peripheral territories. The initial authors of the Plan Parcial del Poblado Sud-Oeste del Besós were Pedro López, Javier Subías, José Puig Torné and Enrique Giralt Ortet, from the Patronato Municipal de la Vivienda. They formulated a housing system with the collective space as a protagonist, in order to organize through it the dwelling and the common buildings. This Plan set important guidelines for implementation, subdivision, heights and uses and guided several teams of architects to develop architectural designs. Pedro López, Javier Subías and Guillermo Giráldez were one of the teams that stood out in that task and which was also the first to design and build at the Polígono. In spite of being known only by a portion of the Polígono, it has been verified that they also designed the commercial pavilions, a civic center and other complementary services. It is true that the episode of massive housing, together with the lack of attention to social problems, triggered a series of regrettable events. However, it is possible to rescue effective facts that shaped the urban landscape and with it, to overcome the negative stigma on the periphery still present since its first appearance. To our days it is verified that, among the immense group of polygons of housing, the Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós has greatly contributed to the collective space and to the configuration of a vivid urban landscape. In the subsequent work of the team, designed as residential complexes, the strategy is repeated. Supported by the public professional practice that Pedro López carried out at the Planning Department of the Town Hall, the team managed to draw up the proposals for the respective Partial Plans and Building Regulations and then adjust them in their private office that had been operating since 1956. The architectural-urban approach favoured habitability and collective space over the mere construction of houses. It is evident how the team faces the task of reconciling urban and architectural scale, composing a system of visual, formal and constructive relations, even knowing that, except for the project for Avenida Diagonal, economic constraints were an important Conditioning Factor for its construction. Although the dwelling has contained a program of minimum dimensions, it had to ensure spatial well-being. In this aspect, the correct resolution of the floor architectural plan, articulating spaces and separating others, steers towards the design of the built-in furniture and the facade elements, all of them in harmony of composition and in modular rigorLa investigación se ocupa de proyectos modernos de vivienda colectiva cuyas formas de implantación sobresalen en la relación con el contexto urbano que le precede. En el caso específico de Barcelona, el ejercicio confronta el trazado de manzanas Cerdà con la estrategia proyectual desarrollada por el equipo de arquitectos Guillermo Giráldez, Pedro López Íñigo y Javier Subías entre 1959 y 1970. Como punto de partida, el trabajo toma al Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós (1959). Hace una compilación y edición de variada documentación gráfica en torno a las periferias y la arquitectura de los conjuntos residenciales realizados por el equipo Giráldez-López-Subías, con el fin de construir relaciones y conjeturas. Proyecto y ciudad, Ensanche y periferia, edificios y parcelas, vivienda y espacio colectivo, son tópicos que muestran la significación de un paisaje urbano construido en un periodo relativamente corto, doblegado muchas veces ante la estrechez económica y al tan tardío proceso de construcción de infraestructura urbana. Recurre a la revisión de los documentos de los proyectos salvaguardados en el Archivo Histórico del Col?legi d?Arquitectes de Catalunya (COAC) junto al exhaustivo y valioso material del archivo del l?Institut Municipal de l?Habitatge i Rehabilitació de Barcelona (IMHAB). A más, presenta una selección de fotografías y mapas rescatados de varios archivos locales, que al contraponerse con los documentos gráficos actuales, organizan un relato inédito. La selección de fotografías corrobora al relato del proceso de consolidación y a la situación actual de los proyectos en estudio. En medio de la fuerza simbólica de la Barcelona tradicional representada por el Plan Cerdà, el Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós se resuelve como un sistema de habitación de acuerdo a las nuevas necesidades de la ciudad moderna y al mismo tiempo se adapta a un trazado imperante. En derivación se analiza la obra residencial del mismo equipo resuelta como conjuntos habitacionales: Conjunto en la Rambla Guipúzcoa (1964-1965) Conjunto en Avenida Diagonal (1965-1967, 1973), y Conjunto en Avenida Gran Vía (1967-1969). Con ello se evidencia que a pesar de que los proyectos abordados responden a distintas situaciones sociales y económicas, revelan la noción de espacio urbano moderno y el desarrollo intenso del espacio colectivo. Coinciden además en haber sido emplazados en lo que en aquella época se denominaba periferia, aquel lugar donde la traza Cerdà no tenía acción o se mostraba indefinida por causa de la ausencia de edificación. De esta forma, el estudio aborda a la periferia desde una perspectiva histórica para poner en relieve el proceso de consolidación urbana. El estudio del Polígono del Sud-Oeste del Besós en contraposición con la manzana Cerdà posibilita entonces, la comparación entre tejido urbano y proyecto arquitectónico; el primero, en torno al diálogo de infraestructura, espacio verde, servicios y vivienda; el segundo, como la realidad concreta que da paso a la experiencia colectiva. Se verifica que en la obra posterior al Polígono, resuelta como conjuntos residenciales, la estrategia empleada se repite. Apoyados en el ejercicio profesional público que Pedro López desempeñaba en el Departamento de Urbanismo del Ayuntamiento, el equipo Giráldez-López-Subías logra esbozar las propuestas para los Planes Parciales y Ordenaciones respectivas para luego afinarlas en el despacho privado que desde 1956 mantenían operativo. El planteamiento arquitectónico-urbano apostaba por la habitabilidad y el espacio colectivo por sobre la mera construcción de viviendas. En este aspecto, la correcta resolución de la planta articulando espacios y separando otros deriva hacia el diseño de los mobiliarios empotrados y los elementos de fachada, todos ellos en armonía de composición y en rigor modularPostprint (published version