The Experts below are selected from a list of 9177 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Qiang Xu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The melt\shrink effect of low density thermoplastics insulates: Cone Calorimeter tests
Thermal Science, 2020Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, Jordan Hristov, Greg Griffin, Yong JiangAbstract:The melt\shrink effects on the fire behaviour of low-density thermoplastic foam have been studied in a Cone Calorimeter. The experiments have been performed with four samples of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foams having different thicknesses and two extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams. Decrease in surface area and increase in density, characterizing the melt\shrink effect have been measured at different incident heat fluxes. Three of these foams tested have been also examined by burning tests at an incident heat flux of 50kW m-2. It was assessed that the fire behavior predictions based the current literature models provided incorrect results if the Cone test results were applied directly. However, the correct models provided adequate results when the initial burning area and the density of the molten foam were used to correct the initial Cone Calorimeter data. This communication refers to the fact that both the effective burning area and the density of the molten foam affect the Cone Calorimeter data, which requires consequent corrections to attain adequate predictions of models about the materials fire behaviour.
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compare the flammability of two extruded polystyrene foams with micro scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter tests
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, Yong JiangAbstract:Flammability of two kinds of two extruded polystyrene foam was tested by micro-scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter. Maximum specific heat release rate, specific heat release, heat release temperature, combustion time and fire growth rates from micro-scale combustion Calorimeter tests, and time to ignition, effective net heat of combustion, heat release rate from Cone Calorimeter tests, were used to compare the flammability of two foams. These two methods would draw different results in evaluating flammability of the foams. This confliction is due to the test scale and combustion condition. The relationship between these two methods can be established with ignition temperature; thus, micro-scale combustion Calorimeter can be used to predict time to ignition in Cone Calorimeter tests. Joint using of micro-scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter leads to a comprehensive evaluation of flammability of polymers.
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study of burning behavior of small scale wood crib with Cone Calorimeter
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, G J Griffin, Yong Jiang, C Preston, A D Bicknell, G P Bradbury, N WhiteAbstract:Burning behavior of small-scale wood crib was studied by a serial of Cone Calorimeter tests. The heat release rate curves of these small wood cribs were different due to porosity factor and this shows that the control condition switches from one to another. The burning of some crib with small porosity factors was self-extinguished in fixed flow rate of air supply in Cone Calorimeter. These results were compared with Gross’s studies. The switch point of porosity-controlled and surface area controlled burning regime is different from Gross’s result.
Yong Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The melt\shrink effect of low density thermoplastics insulates: Cone Calorimeter tests
Thermal Science, 2020Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, Jordan Hristov, Greg Griffin, Yong JiangAbstract:The melt\shrink effects on the fire behaviour of low-density thermoplastic foam have been studied in a Cone Calorimeter. The experiments have been performed with four samples of expanded polystyrene (EPS) foams having different thicknesses and two extruded polystyrene (XPS) foams. Decrease in surface area and increase in density, characterizing the melt\shrink effect have been measured at different incident heat fluxes. Three of these foams tested have been also examined by burning tests at an incident heat flux of 50kW m-2. It was assessed that the fire behavior predictions based the current literature models provided incorrect results if the Cone test results were applied directly. However, the correct models provided adequate results when the initial burning area and the density of the molten foam were used to correct the initial Cone Calorimeter data. This communication refers to the fact that both the effective burning area and the density of the molten foam affect the Cone Calorimeter data, which requires consequent corrections to attain adequate predictions of models about the materials fire behaviour.
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compare the flammability of two extruded polystyrene foams with micro scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter tests
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, Yong JiangAbstract:Flammability of two kinds of two extruded polystyrene foam was tested by micro-scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter. Maximum specific heat release rate, specific heat release, heat release temperature, combustion time and fire growth rates from micro-scale combustion Calorimeter tests, and time to ignition, effective net heat of combustion, heat release rate from Cone Calorimeter tests, were used to compare the flammability of two foams. These two methods would draw different results in evaluating flammability of the foams. This confliction is due to the test scale and combustion condition. The relationship between these two methods can be established with ignition temperature; thus, micro-scale combustion Calorimeter can be used to predict time to ignition in Cone Calorimeter tests. Joint using of micro-scale combustion Calorimeter and Cone Calorimeter leads to a comprehensive evaluation of flammability of polymers.
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study of burning behavior of small scale wood crib with Cone Calorimeter
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, G J Griffin, Yong Jiang, C Preston, A D Bicknell, G P Bradbury, N WhiteAbstract:Burning behavior of small-scale wood crib was studied by a serial of Cone Calorimeter tests. The heat release rate curves of these small wood cribs were different due to porosity factor and this shows that the control condition switches from one to another. The burning of some crib with small porosity factors was self-extinguished in fixed flow rate of air supply in Cone Calorimeter. These results were compared with Gross’s studies. The switch point of porosity-controlled and surface area controlled burning regime is different from Gross’s result.
Bernhard Schartel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of fire retarded materials interpretation of Cone Calorimeter data
Fire and Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Bernhard Schartel, T R HullAbstract:There is little consensus within the fire science community on interpretation of Cone Calorimeter data, but there is a significant need to screen new flammability modified materials using the Cone Calorimeter. This article is the result of several discussions aiming to provide guidance in the use and interpretation of Cone calorimetry for those directly involved with such measurements. This guidance is essentially empirical, and is not intended to replace the comprehensive scientific studies that already exist. The guidance discusses the fire scenario with respect to applied heat flux, length scale, temperature, ventilation, anaerobic pyrolysis and set-up represented by the Cone Calorimeter. The fire properties measured in the Cone Calorimeter are discussed, including heat release rate and its peak, the mass loss and char yield, effective heat of combustion and combustion efficiency, time to ignition and CO and smoke production together with deduced quantities such as FIGRA and MARHE. Special comments are made on the use of the Cone Calorimeter relating to sample thickness, textiles, foams and intumescent materials, and the distance of the Cone heater from the sample surface. Finally, the relationship between Cone calorimetry data and other tests is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Development of fire‐retarded materials—Interpretation of Cone Calorimeter data
Fire and Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Bernhard Schartel, T R HullAbstract:There is little consensus within the fire science community on interpretation of Cone Calorimeter data, but there is a significant need to screen new flammability modified materials using the Cone Calorimeter. This article is the result of several discussions aiming to provide guidance in the use and interpretation of Cone calorimetry for those directly involved with such measurements. This guidance is essentially empirical, and is not intended to replace the comprehensive scientific studies that already exist. The guidance discusses the fire scenario with respect to applied heat flux, length scale, temperature, ventilation, anaerobic pyrolysis and set-up represented by the Cone Calorimeter. The fire properties measured in the Cone Calorimeter are discussed, including heat release rate and its peak, the mass loss and char yield, effective heat of combustion and combustion efficiency, time to ignition and CO and smoke production together with deduced quantities such as FIGRA and MARHE. Special comments are made on the use of the Cone Calorimeter relating to sample thickness, textiles, foams and intumescent materials, and the distance of the Cone heater from the sample surface. Finally, the relationship between Cone calorimetry data and other tests is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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assessing the performance of intumescent coatings using bench scaled Cone Calorimeter and finite difference simulations
Fire and Materials, 2007Co-Authors: Matthias Bartholmai, Bernhard SchartelAbstract:A method was developed to assess the heat insulation performance of intumescent coatings. The method consists of temperature measurements using the bench-scaled experimental set-up of a Cone Calorimeter and finite difference simulation to calculate the effective thermal conductivity dependent on time/temperature. This simulation procedure was also adapted to the small scale test furnace, in which the standard time–temperature curve is applied to a larger sample and thus which provides results relevant for approval. Investigations on temperature and calculated effective thermal conduction were performed on intumescent coatings in both experimental set-ups using various coating thicknesses. The results correspond to each other as well as showing the limits of transferability between both fire tests. It is shown that bench-scaled Cone Calorimeter tests are a valuable tool for assessing and predicting the performance of intumescent coatings in larger tests relevant for approval. The correlation fails for processes at surface temperatures above 750°C, which are not reached in the Cone Calorimeter, but are attained in the small scale furnace set-up. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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some comments on the use of Cone Calorimeter data
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2005Co-Authors: Bernhard Schartel, Matthias Bartholmai, U KnollAbstract:Abstract The Cone Calorimeter has become one of the most important and widely used instruments for the research and development of fire retarded polymeric materials. The paper addresses three important ways in which the principal setup influences the results — factors which sometimes do not receive due consideration when drawing conclusions. The paper discusses in detail the impact on Cone Calorimeter results of the choice of external heat flux, the influence on the peak of heat release rate of sample thickness and thermal feedback from the back of the sample, and the influence on irradiance of the horizontal and vertical distances from the Cone heater.
N White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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study of burning behavior of small scale wood crib with Cone Calorimeter
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2008Co-Authors: Qiang Xu, G J Griffin, Yong Jiang, C Preston, A D Bicknell, G P Bradbury, N WhiteAbstract:Burning behavior of small-scale wood crib was studied by a serial of Cone Calorimeter tests. The heat release rate curves of these small wood cribs were different due to porosity factor and this shows that the control condition switches from one to another. The burning of some crib with small porosity factors was self-extinguished in fixed flow rate of air supply in Cone Calorimeter. These results were compared with Gross’s studies. The switch point of porosity-controlled and surface area controlled burning regime is different from Gross’s result.
Florent Jabouille - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization of the thermal decomposition of two kinds of plywood with a Cone Calorimeter ftir apparatus
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014Co-Authors: Talal Fateh, Thomas Rogaume, Jocelyn Luche, Franck Richard, Florent JabouilleAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with the thermal degradation of two kinds of plywood in a Cone Calorimeter apparatus at heat fluxes from 10 to 80 kW m −2 . The mass loss and the time to ignition have been continuously monitored during each experiment. The Cone Calorimeter has been coupled to a bench of gas analysers (a Fourier transformed infra-red spectrometer and a gaseous analyser dedicated to O 2 , CO, CO 2 , NO and SO 2 ) in order to characterize the exhaust gases emitted. This work aims to define the different stages of the thermal degradation and to estimate the ignitability and combustibility parameters of those 2 plywoods. Moreover, the study of the gaseous emissions during the thermal degradation of the plywood is performed, because one of the major risks to residents is from the smoke and products of combustion. The highest emission concentrations have been used to calculate the yields for the exhaust gases and to establish mass balances.
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Characterization of the thermal decomposition of two kinds of plywood with a Cone Calorimeter – FTIR apparatus
Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2014Co-Authors: Talal Fateh, Thomas Rogaume, Jocelyn Luche, Franck Richard, Florent JabouilleAbstract:Abstract This paper deals with the thermal degradation of two kinds of plywood in a Cone Calorimeter apparatus at heat fluxes from 10 to 80 kW m −2 . The mass loss and the time to ignition have been continuously monitored during each experiment. The Cone Calorimeter has been coupled to a bench of gas analysers (a Fourier transformed infra-red spectrometer and a gaseous analyser dedicated to O 2 , CO, CO 2 , NO and SO 2 ) in order to characterize the exhaust gases emitted. This work aims to define the different stages of the thermal degradation and to estimate the ignitability and combustibility parameters of those 2 plywoods. Moreover, the study of the gaseous emissions during the thermal degradation of the plywood is performed, because one of the major risks to residents is from the smoke and products of combustion. The highest emission concentrations have been used to calculate the yields for the exhaust gases and to establish mass balances.