The Experts below are selected from a list of 3636 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Miroslav Zorić - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Classification of Confectionary sunflower genotypes based on morphological characters
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017Co-Authors: Nada Hladni, Sreten Terzić, B. Mutavdžić, Miroslav ZorićAbstract:Knowledge of genetic diversity of Confectionary sunflower can have a large impact on its use in breeding programmes. However, levels and distribution of genetic variation within the Confectionary sunflower gene pool are still not adequately explored. The aim of the present paper was to describe the diversity of 68 Confectionary sunflower genotypes: open-pollinated varieties, lines and hybrids. A total of 32 morphological traits were used for characterization. The Shannon & Weaver diversity index ( H ) was estimated as a measure of morphological diversity. The mean value of the Shannon index was 0·71, which indicates a high morphological diversity. The lowest diversity was found for leaf descriptors, moderately high to high for seed traits, while the highest values were found for disc flowers and ray florets. The highest individual descriptor diversity was found for: head attitude, the angle of leaf lateral nerves and ray floret disposition. The homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) multivariate reduction technique for nominal categorical data proved to be an efficient method for a comprehensive overview of genotype diversity and group homogeneity. Besides diversity, the number of categories and uniformity of genotype distribution determines discriminative power of descriptors. Traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were identified, enabling differentiation of genotypes with similar phenotypic attributes. The highest discriminative power was observed in traits such as anthocyanin colouration of stigma (DFIA), seed colour of stripes and seed main colour. The genotypes tested formed two distinctive major groups of varieties and hybrids with inbred lines widely dispersed along both axes. A separate grouping was obtained per the most discriminative traits based on HOMALS analysis, while the best separation was obtained using DFIA. Isolated genotypes that may not be representative by yield or seed-specific traits can be useful sources of traits for breeding. Morphological characterization can be used to improve description and classification of Confectionary sunflower germplasm when evaluating diversity.
Jean Adams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
OP06 The impact of the announcement of the UK soft drinks industry levy on household soft drinks purchases
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2019Co-Authors: David Pell, Oliver T Mytton, Tarra L Penney, Martin White, Jean AdamsAbstract:Rationale The UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL) was introduced in response to evidence on the role of sugary drinks in obesity, diabetes and tooth decay. The levy is two-tiered: £0.24/L for drinks containing >8 g/100 ml of added sugar and £0.18/L for drinks containing 5–8 g sugar/100 ml, and directed at manufacturers and importers of soft drinks, in order to encourage reformulation. The levy came into effect in April 2018, but was announced two years before to allow industry time to adapt. The announcement may represent a public health intervention itself. Aim To examine change in the volume of, and amount of sugar from, household purchases of soft drinks from two years before announcement of the SDIL to two years after. Methods An interrupted time series design was used. Kantar WorldPanel data from ∼43,000 UK households recorded all food and drink purchases brought home, covering April 2014 to March 2018 (208 weeks). Outcomes were purchased volume of, and sugar from, liable soft drinks in each levy tier as well as non-liable soft drinks and confectionery (a potential high sugar substitute category) per household per week, modelled against the counterfactual of no announcement. Household purchases of toiletries (shampoo, conditioner and liquid soap) were included as a comparator. Regression analyses were weighted to reflect UK purchasing patterns. Results Immediately after the announcement there was an increase in the volume of (73 ml per household per week, 95%CI: 29,119), and amount of sugar from (11.0 g per household per week, 95%CI: 3.7, 18.4), higher tier drinks and a decrease in the amount of sugar from confectionery (-24.6 g per household per week, 95% CI: -47.1,-2.15). In the period following the announcement there was a significant downward trend in the volume of (0.01 ml per household per week2, 95%CI: -0.02,-0.01), and amount of sugar (-0.0008 g per household per week2, 95%CI: -0.0012, -0.0004) from, drinks in the lower tier. During the same period sugar from non-liable soft drinks increased (0.0003 g per household per week2, 95%CI: 0.00001, 0.00064) Conclusion The announcement of the SDIL was associated with sustained reductions in the volume of, and amount of sugar from, drinks in the lower levy tier purchased by UK households; and a sustained increase in the amount of sugar from non-liable soft drinks. This likely reflects reformulation by manufacturers so that many drinks previously in the lower tier are now non-liable but still contain sugar. There was no evidence of substitution to Confectionary.
Nada Hladni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Feasibility of growing conventional Confectionary sunflower hybrids in organic agriculture: preliminary results of organic trials
Ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, 2019Co-Authors: Brankica Babec, Nada Hladni, Srđan Šeremešić, Milan Jocković, Nemanja Ćuk, Sonja Gvozdenac, Vladimir Miklič, Bojan VojnovAbstract:As organic agriculture represents one of the most sustainable ways of agricultural land use, the key purpose of this research was to improve Confectionary sunflower production in organic agriculture. The trial compared seed yield per plant of conventional Confectionary sunflower hybrids in organic vs conventional production. Subsequently, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant and kernel ratio of Confectionary hybrids treated with the following fertilizers used in organic production: fertilizer of animal origin (G), fertilizer based on amino acids and nitrogen (T) and microbiological fertilizer (N) were compared with untreated control (C). Fertilizers enhanced yield of sunflower compared to untreated control; the highest yield was recorded in combined of G+N and G+T, all in organic agriculture system. NS Gricko had the lowest seed yield per plant compared to the other hybrids that significantly increased when treated with G+N fertilizers; same results were obtained in treatments of NS Slatki, and NS Leviathan. Preliminary results of the study indicated that application of organic fertilizers can have a positive effect on yield of sunflower in organic production conditions, which indicates that further research is necessary.
-
Classification of Confectionary sunflower genotypes based on morphological characters
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2017Co-Authors: Nada Hladni, Sreten Terzić, B. Mutavdžić, Miroslav ZorićAbstract:Knowledge of genetic diversity of Confectionary sunflower can have a large impact on its use in breeding programmes. However, levels and distribution of genetic variation within the Confectionary sunflower gene pool are still not adequately explored. The aim of the present paper was to describe the diversity of 68 Confectionary sunflower genotypes: open-pollinated varieties, lines and hybrids. A total of 32 morphological traits were used for characterization. The Shannon & Weaver diversity index ( H ) was estimated as a measure of morphological diversity. The mean value of the Shannon index was 0·71, which indicates a high morphological diversity. The lowest diversity was found for leaf descriptors, moderately high to high for seed traits, while the highest values were found for disc flowers and ray florets. The highest individual descriptor diversity was found for: head attitude, the angle of leaf lateral nerves and ray floret disposition. The homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) multivariate reduction technique for nominal categorical data proved to be an efficient method for a comprehensive overview of genotype diversity and group homogeneity. Besides diversity, the number of categories and uniformity of genotype distribution determines discriminative power of descriptors. Traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were identified, enabling differentiation of genotypes with similar phenotypic attributes. The highest discriminative power was observed in traits such as anthocyanin colouration of stigma (DFIA), seed colour of stripes and seed main colour. The genotypes tested formed two distinctive major groups of varieties and hybrids with inbred lines widely dispersed along both axes. A separate grouping was obtained per the most discriminative traits based on HOMALS analysis, while the best separation was obtained using DFIA. Isolated genotypes that may not be representative by yield or seed-specific traits can be useful sources of traits for breeding. Morphological characterization can be used to improve description and classification of Confectionary sunflower germplasm when evaluating diversity.
-
Interdependence of yield and yield components of Confectionary sunflower hybrids
Genetika, 2011Co-Authors: Nada Hladni, Vladimir Miklič, Siniša Jocić, Dejana Saftić-panković, Marija Kraljevic-balalicAbstract:The two most important criteria for introducing new Confectionary hybrids into production are high seed and protein yield. That is why it is important to find the traits that are measurable, and that at the same time show a strong correlation with seed and protein yield, so that they can be used as a criteria for Confectionary hybrid breeding. Results achieved during 2008 at the locations Rimski Sancevi (Region of Vojvodina) and Kula (Central Serbia) show that the new Confectionary hybrids are expressing higher seed yields in comparison to standards (Vranac and Cepko) though with a lower seed oil content. A very strong positive correlation was determined between seed yield and seed protein content, kernel content and mass of 1000 seeds. A very strong positive correlation was determined between seed protein content, seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds, with protein yield. This indicates that seed yield, seed protein content and mass of 1000 seeds have a high influence on protein yield. The degree of interdependence between different traits is a sign of direction which is supposed to facilitate better planning of sunflower breeding program.
Joanna Verran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The detection and quantification of food components on stainless steel surfaces following use in an operational bakery
Food and Bioproducts Processing, 2019Co-Authors: Kathryn A. Whitehead, Fabien Saubade, I.d. Akhidime, Christopher M. Liauw, Paul S. Benson, Joanna VerranAbstract:Abstract Food preparation areas in commercial bakeries present surfaces for continual organic fouling. The detection of retained food components and microorganisms on stainless steel surfaces situated for one month in the weighing in area, pastry and Confectionary production areas of a bakery were investigated using different methods. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the morphology of the material on the surfaces from all three areas, with the weighing in area demonstrating a more even coverage of material. Differential staining assays demonstrated a high percentage coverage of organic material heterogeneously distributed across the surfaces. Differential staining also demonstrated that the amount of organic material on the surface from the Confectionary area was significantly greater than from both the pastry and weighing in areas. Although, UV at 353 nm did not detect residual surface fouling, performance of the UV detection was optimised and demonstrated that the residual organic material on the weighing in area and the pastry samples was best illuminated at 510–560 nm, and from the Confectionary area of the bakery at 590–650 nm. ATP bioluminescence revealed the Confectionary production area contained the highest level of biofouling. Contact plates determined that only low microbial counts (≤2 CFU/cm2) were recovered from the surfaces. Changes in the physicochemistry (increased hydrophobicity) demonstrated that all the surfaces were fouled (ΔGiwi −26.8 mJ/m2 to −45.4 mJ/m2). Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) demonstrated that all the surfaces had retained fats, carbohydrates and proteins. This work suggests that a range of methods may be needed to fully detect organic and microbial fouling.
D M Storey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
polyols in confectionery the route to sugar free reduced sugar and reduced calorie confectionery
British Journal of Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Albert Zumbe, D M StoreyAbstract:Polyol-containing confectionery offers considerable advantages over traditional sucrose-based confectionery in terms of reduced energy content and reduced cariogenicity. However, overconsumption of polyol confectionery may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms in some individuals. Rather than consider this as a distinct disadvantage to the consumer, this article discusses how careful consideration of the physico-chemical properties of polyols and advances in product development and formulation can provide suitable polyol-based products for the consumer. Furthermore, food legislation and ingredient pricing issues are just some of the factors that must be taken into account when designing new polyol-containing products if their functional benefits and good product quality are to be delivered to the consumer.