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Hélène Montanié - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web. The total activities of the Brouage ecosystem in February and July are significantly different. The specialisation of the trophic links within the ecosystem does not appear to differ between the two models. In spite of a large export of carbon from the primary producer and detritus in winter, the higher recycling leads to a similar retention of carbon for the two seasons. It can be concluded that in February, the higher activity of the ecosystem coupled with a higher cycling and a mean internal organization, ensure the sufficient feeding of the migratory shorebirds.

Blanche Saint-béat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web. The total activities of the Brouage ecosystem in February and July are significantly different. The specialisation of the trophic links within the ecosystem does not appear to differ between the two models. In spite of a large export of carbon from the primary producer and detritus in winter, the higher recycling leads to a similar retention of carbon for the two seasons. It can be concluded that in February, the higher activity of the ecosystem coupled with a higher cycling and a mean internal organization, ensure the sufficient feeding of the migratory shorebirds.

Philippe Cury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries: Reconciling Conservation and Exploitation
    2016
    Co-Authors: Philippe Cury, Arnaud Bertrand, Marta Coll, Philippe Gros, Souad Kifani, François Le Loc’h, Olivier Maury, Frédéric Ménard, Sophie Bertrand, Florent Renaud
    Abstract:

    Marine fisheries have a direct impact on the resources they exploit but also indirectly affect other Species, habitats and the way ecosystems work. Ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) is a major aspect for the exploitation of marine resources and Conservation of Species. An ecosystem is set formed by a community of living beings and their biological, geological, edaphic, hydrological, climatic environment. Organisms are distributed as patches across a wide continuum of spatiotemporal scales. The marine strategy framework directive (MSFD) proposes an ecosystem approach for the assessment of the marine environment. Bottom-up control of predator fish through small pelagic fish has been noticed in the Benguela and Humboldt Current and in Guinea, since several predator fish suffer when their prey stock collapses. The scientific community needs to set up a long-term scientific strategy in order to enhance its ability to provide suitable competences for the ecosystem approach to marine resources.

  • Low-hanging fruit' for Conservation of marine vertebrate Species at risk in the Mediterranean Sea: Priority areas to protect marine Mediterranean vertebrate Species at risk
    Global Ecology and Biogeography, 2015
    Co-Authors: Marta Coll, Jeroen Steenbeek, Frida Ben Rais Lasram, David Mouillot, Philippe Cury
    Abstract:

    AimConservation priorities need to take the feasibility of protection measures into account. In times of economic pressure it is essential to identify the low-hanging fruit' for Conservation: areas where human impacts are lower and biological diversity is still high, and thus Conservation is more feasible. LocationWe used the Mediterranean large marine ecosystem (LME) as a case study to identify the overlapping areas of low threats and high diversity of vertebrate Species at risk. MethodsThis LME is the first in the world to have a complete regional IUCN Red List assessment of the native marine fish. We augmented these data with distributions of marine mammals, marine turtles and seabirds at risk, and we calculated the spatial distributions of Species at risk (IUCN densities). Using cumulative threats we identified priority areas for Conservation of Species at risk' (PACS), where IUCN diversities are high and threats are low. We assessed whether IUCN diversities and PACS were spatially congruent among taxa and we quantified whether PACS corresponded to current and proposed protected areas. ResultsIUCN densities and PACS were not highly correlated spatially among taxa. Continental shelves and deep-sea slopes of the Alboran Sea, western Mediterranean and Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of Sidra are identified as relevant for fish Species at risk. The eastern side of the western Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea are identified as most relevant for endemic fish, and shelf and open sea areas distributed through the LME are most important for marine mammals and turtles at risk, while specific locations of the western Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean and Levantine seas are highlighted for seabirds. Main conclusionsLarge parts of the areas of PACS fell outside current or proposed frameworks to be prioritized for Conservation. PACS may be suitable candidates for contributing to the 10% protection target for the Mediterranean Sea by 2020.

L. Fumagalli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Fine scale genetic structure in fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) along a rural-to-urban gradient
    Conservation Genetics, 2021
    Co-Authors: G. Yannic, V. Helfer, R. Sermier, B. R. Schmidt, L. Fumagalli
    Abstract:

    Delineating population boundaries in anthropogenic landscape is of critical importance for domains of biology that are concerned with the ecology, evolution and Conservation of Species. This remains particularly difficult for Species where there is no obvious demarcation of geographical populations and dispersal patterns are poorly known. This is often the case in amphibian Species that reproduce in aquatic habitats but live otherwise in terrestrial habitats. Sampling of such Species usually occurs in the aquatic habitat ( i.e ., breeding sites) but these may represent neither genetically nor demographically distinct populations. Here, we analyzed the genetic structure of a stream-breeding Species, the fire salamander ( Salamandra salamandra ) along a rural-to-urban land use gradient. We used genetic data and Bayesian clustering approaches, which rely on genetic information without assuming predefined populations, to delineate distinctive genetic units along this gradient, and compare genetic diversity between rural and urban areas. The different analytical approaches used partitioned our dataset in slightly different but highly congruent clusters, that included localities which were up to 19 km apart from each other. Genetic breaks occurred at unexpected places while several landscape features reported to act as barriers on gene flow for amphibians did not lead to genetic breaks. Our results emphasize the difficulty to delineate management units in open systems, especially for long-lived Species, for which the timespan between the establishment of a barrier and its translation into clear genetic breaks will take longer than in short-lived Species.

Sébastien Lefebvre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web.

  • Key Features of Intertidal Food Webs That Support Migratory Shorebirds
    PLoS ONE, 2013
    Co-Authors: Blanche Saint-béat, Christine Dupuy, Pierrick Bocher, Julien Chalumeau, Margot De Crignis, Camille Fontaine, Katell Guizien, Johann Lavaud, Sébastien Lefebvre, Hélène Montanié
    Abstract:

    The migratory shorebirds of the East Atlantic flyway land in huge numbers during a migratory stopover or wintering on the French Atlantic coast. The Brouage bare mudflat (Marennes-Oléron Bay, NE Atlantic) is one of the major stopover sites in France. The particular structure and function of a food web affects the efficiency of carbon transfer. The structure and functioning of the Brouage food web is crucial for the Conservation of Species landing within this area because it provides sufficient food, which allows shorebirds to reach the north of Europe where they nest. The aim of this study was to describe and understand which food web characteristics support nutritional needs of birds. Two food-web models were constructed, based on in situ measurements that were made in February 2008 (the presence of birds) and July 2008 (absence of birds). To complete the models, allometric relationships and additional data from the literature were used. The missing flow values of the food web models were estimated by Monte Carlo Markov Chain – Linear Inverse Modelling. The flow solutions obtained were used to calculate the ecological network analysis indices, which estimate the emergent properties of the functioning of a food-web. The total activities of the Brouage ecosystem in February and July are significantly different. The specialisation of the trophic links within the ecosystem does not appear to differ between the two models. In spite of a large export of carbon from the primary producer and detritus in winter, the higher recycling leads to a similar retention of carbon for the two seasons. It can be concluded that in February, the higher activity of the ecosystem coupled with a higher cycling and a mean internal organization, ensure the sufficient feeding of the migratory shorebirds.