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Karin S Pfennig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reinforcement generates reproductive isolation between neighbouring Conspecific populations of spadefoot toads
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Karin S Pfennig, Amber M RiceAbstract:Reproductive character displacement is the adaptive evolution of traits that minimize deleterious reproductive interactions between species. When arising from selection to avoid hybridization, this process is referred to as reinforcement. Reproductive character displacement generates divergence not only between interacting species, but also between Conspecific populations that are sympatric with heterospecifics versus those that are allopatric. Consequently, such Conspecific populations can become reproductively isolated. We compared female mate preferences in, and evaluated gene flow between, neighbouring populations of spadefoot toads that did and did not occur with heterospecifics (mixed- and pure-species populations, respectively). We found that in mixed-species populations females significantly preferred Conspecifics. Such females also tended to prefer a Conspecific call character that was dissimilar from heterospecifics. By contrast, females from pure-species populations did not discriminate Conspecific from heterospecific calls. They also preferred a more exaggerated Conspecific call character that resembles heterospecific males. Moreover, gene flow was significantly reduced between mixed- and pure-species population types. Thus, character displacement (and, more specifically, reinforcement) may initiate reproductive isolation between Conspecific populations that differ in interactions with heterospecifics.
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reproductive character displacement generates reproductive isolation among Conspecific populations an artificial neural network study
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Karin S Pfennig, Michael J. RyanAbstract:When interactions with heterospecifics prevent females from identifying Conspecific mates, natural selection can promote the evolution of mating behaviours that minimize such interactions. Consequently, mating behaviours may diverge among Conspecific populations in sympatry and in allopatry with heterospecifics. This divergence in Conspecific mating behaviours—reproductive character displacement—can initiate speciation if mating behaviours become so divergent as to generate reproductive isolation between sympatric and allopatric Conspecifics. We tested these ideas by using artificial neural networks to simulate the evolution of Conspecific mate recognition in populations sympatric and allopatric with different heterospecifics. We found that advertisement calls diverged among the different Conspecific populations. Consequently, networks strongly preferred calls from their own population to those from foreign Conspecific populations. Thus, reproductive character displacement may promote reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation among Conspecific populations.
David Lecchini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brain lateralization involved in visual recognition of Conspecifics in coral reef fish at recruitment
Animal Behaviour, 2016Co-Authors: Natacha Roux, Danielle L. Dixson, Emilio Duran, Rynae G. Lanyon, Bruno Frédérich, Cécile Berthe, Marc Besson, David LecchiniAbstract:In vertebrates, brain functional asymmetries are widespread and increase brain performance. Some species of fishes are known to have brain asymmetries; however, little information is available on brain lateralization in coral reef fishes and the impact this could have during the recruitment phase. In this study, soldierfish, Myripristis pralinia, at the larval and juvenile stage recognized Conspecifics through visual cues. Larvae with the ablation of either the right or left telencephalic hemisphere lost the attraction towards Conspecific cues. In contrast, juveniles with the ablation of the right (but not left) telencephalic hemisphere still displayed a preference towards Conspecific visual cues. These results suggest the left telencephalic hemisphere is responsible for the lateralization process used in the visual recognition of coral reef fish juveniles. The determinism of lateralized perception of Conspecifics during fish ontogeny may be a consequence of genetic factors, linked with the metamorphosis processes and/or environmental factors such as predation at recruitment.
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Chemical spying in coral reef fish larvae at recruitment
Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2015Co-Authors: Natacha Roux, Bruno Frédérich, Cécile Berthe, Rohan M. Brooker, Gaël Lecellier, Bernard Banaigs, David LecchiniAbstract:When fish larvae recruit back to a reef, chemical cues are often used to find suitable habitat or to find juvenile or adult Conspecifics. We tested if the chemical information used by larvae was intentionally produced by juvenile and adult Conspecifics already on the reef (communication process) or whether the cues used result from normal biochemical processes with no active involvement by Conspecifics (“spying” behavior by larvae). Conspecific chemical cues attracted the majority of larvae (four out of the seven species tested); although while some species were equally attracted to cues from adults and juveniles (Chromis viridis, Apogon novemfasciatus), two exhibited greater sensitivity to adult cues (Pomacentrus pavo, Dascyllus aruanus). Our results indicate also that spying cues are those most commonly used by settling fishes (C. viridis, P. pavo, A. novemfasciatus). Only one species (D. aruanus) preferred the odour of Conspecifics that had had visual contact with larvae (communication).
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use of chemical cues by coral reef animal larvae for habitat selection
Aquatic Biology, 2013Co-Authors: David Lecchini, Yohei NakamuraAbstract:The present study explored the importance of chemical cues for habitat selection by fish (6 species), crustacean (1 species), and cephalopod (1 species) larvae in a 4-channel choice flume at Ishigaki Island, Japan. The larval attraction toward chemical cues from reef patches (sea- grass bed patch, live coral patch, dead coral patch, and control water; Expt 1) and microhabitats within a given reef patch (live coral colonies, dead coral colonies, seagrass, and Conspecifics; Expt 2) was tested in a 4-channel choice flume. The results in Expt 1 showed that 3 fish species used chemical cues to move significantly towards reef patches: Chromis viridis toward live coral patch water and Lutjanus fulviflamma and L. gibbus toward seagrass bed patch water. In Expt 2, 6 of 8 species (4 fishes, 1 cephalopod, and 1 crustacean) used chemical cues to move significantly toward Conspecific water (Apogon properuptus, C. viridis, Dascyllus reticulatus, L. fulviflamma, Octopus cyanea, and Palaemonidae sp.). Overall, these results suggest that marine species can actively select settlement habitats according to olfactory cues (more specially, cues from con- specifics). Moreover, these results highlight the importance of Conspecific cues over other types of information (reef patch and microhabitat) for habitat selection. Social aggregation of fish, crustacean, and cephalopod larvae with older Conspecifics may be the result of individuals using Conspecific 'guides' to potentially find beneficial resources (availability of resources and low mortality).
Aaron M Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sex differences and seasonal trade offs in response to injured and non injured Conspecifics in red spotted newts notophthalmus viridescens
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2002Co-Authors: Jason R Rohr, Dale M Madison, Aaron M SullivanAbstract:Injured prey often release alarm chemicals that induce antipredator behaviors in Conspecifics. Injured or killed prey most likely release a wide array of chemicals in addition to alarm substances, such as sexual pheromones, which could enhance or compromise antipredator responses. Thus, damage-release cues provide an excellent opportunity to examine the influence of seasonally fluctuating sexual pheromones on antipredator behaviors. We used a series of laboratory and field experiments and meta-analysis to examine seasonal changes and sex differences in the response of red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to the odor of non-injured Conspecifics and Conspecific tissue extracts, the latter of which presumably contain pheromones of non-injured Conspecifics combined with alarm chemicals signaling predation. During the peak of the breeding season, males were attracted to females and multiple males, but did not avoid tissue extracts from either sex. As the breeding season waned, male attraction to females and males decreased, while avoidance of alarm extracts from both sexes concurrently increased. In contrast to male behavior, females were indifferent to both sexes during the breeding season, and showed significant avoidance only of female extract. As the breeding season progressed, females displayed no change in response to treatments. Male and female responses to female rinse and extract differed significantly, but their response to male treatments did not. During the non-breeding season, both males and females were indifferent to the odor of Conspecifics and avoided Conspecific tissue extracts, with the magnitude of male avoidance greater than that of female avoidance, suggesting sex differences in response to alarm cues in both the breeding and non-breeding seasons. In general, both male and female response to Conspecific odor and tissue extracts covaried positively, suggesting that social pheromones can be detected within Conspecific macerates and compromise alarm-chemical avoidance. Many of the sex differences in both seasons are likely explained by selection pressures imposed on males to intensely mate search during the breeding season, suggesting that the mating system of newts directly influences predation threat during reproductive activity and may have significant indirect consequences on risk during the non-breeding season.
Amber M Rice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reinforcement generates reproductive isolation between neighbouring Conspecific populations of spadefoot toads
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Karin S Pfennig, Amber M RiceAbstract:Reproductive character displacement is the adaptive evolution of traits that minimize deleterious reproductive interactions between species. When arising from selection to avoid hybridization, this process is referred to as reinforcement. Reproductive character displacement generates divergence not only between interacting species, but also between Conspecific populations that are sympatric with heterospecifics versus those that are allopatric. Consequently, such Conspecific populations can become reproductively isolated. We compared female mate preferences in, and evaluated gene flow between, neighbouring populations of spadefoot toads that did and did not occur with heterospecifics (mixed- and pure-species populations, respectively). We found that in mixed-species populations females significantly preferred Conspecifics. Such females also tended to prefer a Conspecific call character that was dissimilar from heterospecifics. By contrast, females from pure-species populations did not discriminate Conspecific from heterospecific calls. They also preferred a more exaggerated Conspecific call character that resembles heterospecific males. Moreover, gene flow was significantly reduced between mixed- and pure-species population types. Thus, character displacement (and, more specifically, reinforcement) may initiate reproductive isolation between Conspecific populations that differ in interactions with heterospecifics.
Michael J. Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reproductive character displacement generates reproductive isolation among Conspecific populations an artificial neural network study
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Karin S Pfennig, Michael J. RyanAbstract:When interactions with heterospecifics prevent females from identifying Conspecific mates, natural selection can promote the evolution of mating behaviours that minimize such interactions. Consequently, mating behaviours may diverge among Conspecific populations in sympatry and in allopatry with heterospecifics. This divergence in Conspecific mating behaviours—reproductive character displacement—can initiate speciation if mating behaviours become so divergent as to generate reproductive isolation between sympatric and allopatric Conspecifics. We tested these ideas by using artificial neural networks to simulate the evolution of Conspecific mate recognition in populations sympatric and allopatric with different heterospecifics. We found that advertisement calls diverged among the different Conspecific populations. Consequently, networks strongly preferred calls from their own population to those from foreign Conspecific populations. Thus, reproductive character displacement may promote reproductive isolation and, ultimately, speciation among Conspecific populations.
