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G Q Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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embodied energy assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland
Ecological Modelling, 2013Co-Authors: Ling Shao, Zhanming Chen, Zi Wu, L Zeng, Y Zhou, G Q ChenAbstract:Embodied energy as the energy supplied directly and indirectly through input pathways by human society is analyzed for a Constructed Wetland as a typical ecological engineering. The method of systems accounting as a combination of process and input–output analyses in context of systems ecology is introduced to account the embodied energy as one of the most important ecological indicators of Constructed Wetland. Based on the latest embodied energy intensity database for the Chinese economy 2007, the embodied energy of a typical Constructed Wetland in both the construction and operation stages is accounted and compared with those for a cyclic activated sludge plant as a typical conventional wastewater treatment system and a hybrid system of conventional wastewater treatment system and Constructed Wetland. The indirect energy is revealed to be more important than the on-site direct energy, which accounts for only 30–40% of the total. The energy embodied in the five terms of treating per m3 wastewater and removing per kg BOD, COD, SS, and NH3-N by the Constructed Wetland is only 6.83%, 17.48%, 13.96%, 22.47% and 9.48% of that by the conventional system, and 9.51%, 38.26%, 27.01%, 39.42% and 13.20% of that by the hybrid system, respectively. The ecological engineering of the Constructed Wetland is illustrated more favorable than the conventional wastewater treatment due to its considerable ecological benefit.
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low carbon assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland in beijing
Ecological Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: G Q Chen, Zhanming Chen, Ling Shao, Bo Zhang, H ChenAbstract:Abstract Presented in this paper is a low-carbon assessment for wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland as ecological engineering. Systems accounting by combining process and input–output analyses is applied to track both direct and indirect GHG emissions associated with the wastewater treatment. Based on the detailed assessment procedures and the embodied GHG emission intensity database for the Chinese economy in 2007, the GHG emissions embodied in both the construction and operation stages of a pilot Constructed Wetland in Beijing are investigated in concrete detail, with parallel calculations carried out for a cyclic activated sludge plant as a typical conventional wastewater treatment system for comparison. With the overall embodied GHG emissions taken into account, the Constructed Wetland is shown to be remarkably less carbon intensive than the conventional wastewater treatment system, and the contrast in GHG emission structure is also revealed and characterized. According to the results, the ecological engineering of the Constructed Wetland is considered to be favorable for achieving the low-carbon goal.
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emergy as embodied energy based assessment for local sustainability of a Constructed Wetland in beijing
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 2009Co-Authors: Bin Chen, Youhe Zhou, Zhanming Chen, Jing Zhou, G Q ChenAbstract:Abstract Ecological treatment engineering has been widely accepted as an artificially designed work to deal with the deteriorating ecological environment with low energy and resource consumption. To measure the energy and resource consumption and environmental support contained in the Constructed Wetland as a kind of ecological treatment engineering, emergy as embodied solar energy based assessment is performed and relative emergy-based indices including emergy yield ratio (EYR), emergy load ratio (ELR), emergy sustainability index (ESI), net economic benefit index (Np), and renewable percentage index (Pr), are also modified to evaluate the local sustainability of the Constructed Wetland in this paper. A case study on Longdao River Constructed Wetland compared with those of some earlier conventional treatment systems indicate that more local renewable resources and less ecological cost are involved, thus promoting the economic benefit due to less energy and resource consumption and simultaneously lowering the environmental stress of the treatment system on the local areas.
Wu Jianqian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Study on purification effect and pollutant loads resistibility of vertical flow Constructed Wetland and subsurface flow Constructed Wetland
Environmental Pollution & Control, 2010Co-Authors: Wu JianqianAbstract:Based on the pilot-scale experiment of Constructed Wetland in the alluvial flat of Xinyi River,the purification effect and pollutant loads resistibility of vertical flow Constructed Wetland(VFW) and subsurface flow Constructed Wetland(SSFW) were studied.Results showed that under the same influent water quality condition,VFW was superior to SSFW at potassium permanganate index purification with the removal rate at VFW and SSFW were 71.5% and 57.8% respectively.There was no obvious difference between these two kinds of Constructed Wetlands in the NH+4-N purification,the NH+4-N removal rates of them were all higher than 80%.The difference of water flow moving,catching and filtrating caused by Wetland construction had a notable effect on the organic pollutant removal,but the influence on NH+4-N purification was minor.The change of pollutant loads brought significant influence on the pollutant removal efficiency of Constructed Wetlands.The potassium permanganate index pollutant loads resistibility at VFW was higher than that at SSFW,but for NH+4-N pollutant loads resistibility,there was no obvious difference between VFW and SSFW,both of them have strong resistibility to NH+4-N pollutant loads.
I Ruiz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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winery wastewater treatment in a hybrid Constructed Wetland
Ecological Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: L Serrano, D De La Varga, I Ruiz, M SotoAbstract:Abstract A full-scale hybrid Constructed Wetland (CW) was built to treat mixed effluent derived from a winery and tourist establishment. The treatment system consisted of a hydrolytic upflow sludge bed (HUSB) digester for suspended-solids removal, a vertical-flow (VF) Constructed Wetland and three parallel subsurface horizontal-flow (HF) Constructed Wetlands. The HUSB reduced TSS loads to 72–172 mg L −1 , helping to prevent clogging, while organic loads for the wastewater entering the VF ranged from 422 to 2178 mg COD L −1 and from 216 to 1379 mg BOD 5 L −1 . At an average hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 19.5 mm d −1 and average surface loading rates (SLR) of 30.4 g COD m −2 d −1 and 18.4 g BOD 5 m −2 d −1 , the overall VF + HF CW system reached average removal efficiencies of 86.8% of TSS, 73.3% of COD, and 74.2% of BOD 5 . The system also removed 52.4% of total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN), 55.4% of NH 3 -N and 17.4% of phosphates. While the VF unit showed high removal rates, the HF unit operated at lower removal rates than those previously reported. The CW units showed rapid adaptation to low pH values. A linear-regression analysis indicated that the independent variables SLR and temperature determined more than 95% of the variation in performance and efficiency of the CW system and offered simple mathematical models for design and system-description purposes.
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Performance of an anaerobic digester-Constructed Wetland system for a small community
Ecological Engineering, 2008Co-Authors: Pilar Barros, I Ruiz, Manuel SotoAbstract:Abstract This paper describes the operation of an anaerobic digester-Constructed Wetland system treating the overall effluent of a rural community of about 30 inhabitants. The system comprised two identical upflow anaerobic digesters of 3.6 m3 each and two horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (subsurface and surface flow) of 36 m2 each. The four units were connected in series. Anaerobic digesters provided a high total suspended solids (TSS) removal (80–90%), about 65% removal of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and 40–50% removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD5). Constructed Wetlands reached 35% TSS removal and 70–80% of TCOD and BOD5 removal. Average effluent concentrations for the first and second year of operation were 49 and 28 mg TCOD l−1, 29 and 15 mg BOD5 l−1 and 23 and 20 mg TSS l−1. During the second year of operation, the overall system reached faecal coliforms removal of 2.1 log units, total nitrogen removal of 52% and total phosphorus removal of 38%.
M Soto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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winery wastewater treatment in a hybrid Constructed Wetland
Ecological Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: L Serrano, D De La Varga, I Ruiz, M SotoAbstract:Abstract A full-scale hybrid Constructed Wetland (CW) was built to treat mixed effluent derived from a winery and tourist establishment. The treatment system consisted of a hydrolytic upflow sludge bed (HUSB) digester for suspended-solids removal, a vertical-flow (VF) Constructed Wetland and three parallel subsurface horizontal-flow (HF) Constructed Wetlands. The HUSB reduced TSS loads to 72–172 mg L −1 , helping to prevent clogging, while organic loads for the wastewater entering the VF ranged from 422 to 2178 mg COD L −1 and from 216 to 1379 mg BOD 5 L −1 . At an average hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of 19.5 mm d −1 and average surface loading rates (SLR) of 30.4 g COD m −2 d −1 and 18.4 g BOD 5 m −2 d −1 , the overall VF + HF CW system reached average removal efficiencies of 86.8% of TSS, 73.3% of COD, and 74.2% of BOD 5 . The system also removed 52.4% of total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN), 55.4% of NH 3 -N and 17.4% of phosphates. While the VF unit showed high removal rates, the HF unit operated at lower removal rates than those previously reported. The CW units showed rapid adaptation to low pH values. A linear-regression analysis indicated that the independent variables SLR and temperature determined more than 95% of the variation in performance and efficiency of the CW system and offered simple mathematical models for design and system-description purposes.
Zhanming Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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embodied energy assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland
Ecological Modelling, 2013Co-Authors: Ling Shao, Zhanming Chen, Zi Wu, L Zeng, Y Zhou, G Q ChenAbstract:Embodied energy as the energy supplied directly and indirectly through input pathways by human society is analyzed for a Constructed Wetland as a typical ecological engineering. The method of systems accounting as a combination of process and input–output analyses in context of systems ecology is introduced to account the embodied energy as one of the most important ecological indicators of Constructed Wetland. Based on the latest embodied energy intensity database for the Chinese economy 2007, the embodied energy of a typical Constructed Wetland in both the construction and operation stages is accounted and compared with those for a cyclic activated sludge plant as a typical conventional wastewater treatment system and a hybrid system of conventional wastewater treatment system and Constructed Wetland. The indirect energy is revealed to be more important than the on-site direct energy, which accounts for only 30–40% of the total. The energy embodied in the five terms of treating per m3 wastewater and removing per kg BOD, COD, SS, and NH3-N by the Constructed Wetland is only 6.83%, 17.48%, 13.96%, 22.47% and 9.48% of that by the conventional system, and 9.51%, 38.26%, 27.01%, 39.42% and 13.20% of that by the hybrid system, respectively. The ecological engineering of the Constructed Wetland is illustrated more favorable than the conventional wastewater treatment due to its considerable ecological benefit.
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low carbon assessment for ecological wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland in beijing
Ecological Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: G Q Chen, Zhanming Chen, Ling Shao, Bo Zhang, H ChenAbstract:Abstract Presented in this paper is a low-carbon assessment for wastewater treatment by a Constructed Wetland as ecological engineering. Systems accounting by combining process and input–output analyses is applied to track both direct and indirect GHG emissions associated with the wastewater treatment. Based on the detailed assessment procedures and the embodied GHG emission intensity database for the Chinese economy in 2007, the GHG emissions embodied in both the construction and operation stages of a pilot Constructed Wetland in Beijing are investigated in concrete detail, with parallel calculations carried out for a cyclic activated sludge plant as a typical conventional wastewater treatment system for comparison. With the overall embodied GHG emissions taken into account, the Constructed Wetland is shown to be remarkably less carbon intensive than the conventional wastewater treatment system, and the contrast in GHG emission structure is also revealed and characterized. According to the results, the ecological engineering of the Constructed Wetland is considered to be favorable for achieving the low-carbon goal.
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emergy as embodied energy based assessment for local sustainability of a Constructed Wetland in beijing
Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 2009Co-Authors: Bin Chen, Youhe Zhou, Zhanming Chen, Jing Zhou, G Q ChenAbstract:Abstract Ecological treatment engineering has been widely accepted as an artificially designed work to deal with the deteriorating ecological environment with low energy and resource consumption. To measure the energy and resource consumption and environmental support contained in the Constructed Wetland as a kind of ecological treatment engineering, emergy as embodied solar energy based assessment is performed and relative emergy-based indices including emergy yield ratio (EYR), emergy load ratio (ELR), emergy sustainability index (ESI), net economic benefit index (Np), and renewable percentage index (Pr), are also modified to evaluate the local sustainability of the Constructed Wetland in this paper. A case study on Longdao River Constructed Wetland compared with those of some earlier conventional treatment systems indicate that more local renewable resources and less ecological cost are involved, thus promoting the economic benefit due to less energy and resource consumption and simultaneously lowering the environmental stress of the treatment system on the local areas.