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Carol Collier Kuhlthau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Student Learning through Ohio School Libraries, Part 1: How Effective School Libraries Help Students
School Libraries Worldwide, 2005Co-Authors: Ross J. Todd, Carol Collier KuhlthauAbstract:This article provides an overview of the Student Learning Through Ohio School Libraries research study undertaken from October 2002 through December 2003. The study involved 39 effective school libraries across Ohio; the participants included 13,123 students in grades 3 to 12 and 879 faculty. The focus question of the study was: How do school libraries help students with their learning in and away from school? The findings, both quantitative and qualitative, showed that effective school libraries help students with their learning in many ways across the various grade levels. Effective school libraries play an active rather than passive role in students' learning. The concept of help was understood in two ways: helps-as-inputs, or help that engages students in the Process of effective learning through the school library; and helps-as-outcomes/impacts, or demonstrated outcomes of meaningful learning-academic achievement and personal agency. The study shows that an effective school library is not just informational, but transformational and formational, leading to knowledge creation, knowledge production, knowledge dissemination, and knowledge use, as well as the development of information values. Introduction Historically, library services worldwide have been based on the assumption that they contribute to the social good, facilitating personal decision-making, societal well-being, the growth of democracy, and the development of a knowledgeable society (Kranich, 2001). Yet understanding how libraries actually help people remains a vexing question. Increasingly, service providers, funding authorities, and publics are calling for clear evidence that expended resources actually produce benefits for people (Durrance & Fisher-Pettigrew, 2002). School libraries are not immune to such calls. In an environment of reduced budgets and staffing, and a prevailing public perception that school libraries are marginal rather than integral to student learning outcomes, there is an urgent need for school librarians to demonstrate and substantiate the vital effect of their school library program on student learning and to take an evidence-based approach to practice (Todd, 2002a, 2002b). How Do School Libraries Help? The central concept of this research is help, and it is embedded in the focus question: How do school libraries help students with their learning in and away from school? Help refers to both the institutional involvement through advice and assistance in the information experiences of people (helps-as-inputs) and the effect of this involvement on the people it serves (helps-as-outcomes/impacts). This study has been informed by four streams of literature: the information search Process, information intents, outcomes measurement, and information literacy standards. Each is briefly elaborated here to establish the theoretical underpinnings and research base of this study. The Information Search Process Kuhlthau's research (1991, 1994, 1999, 2004) provides an understanding of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions of the information search Process and presents an understanding of the information-to-knowledge experience of people. This work emphasizes how people may be enabled and supported in their quest to seek meaning and develop understanding through information-seeking and use. Mediation and intervention as key help mechanisms are central to this Process. Kuhlthau (2004) defines mediation as the "human intervention to assist information seeking and learning from information access and use.... a person who assists, guides, enables, and otherwise intervenes in another person's information search Process" (p. 107). Intervention centers on how "mediators become involved in the Constructive Process of another person ... in information seeking and use" (p. 127). Kuhlthau's research shows that most interventions tend to be based on source and certainty orientations, that is, matching a person's query with the organized collection and often with little attention given to the holistic experience of users in the Process of constructing new understandings and meanings. …
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information search Process of lawyers a call for just for me information services
Journal of Documentation, 2001Co-Authors: Carol Collier Kuhlthau, S. L. TamaAbstract:The study reported in this paper is part of a programme of ongoing research based on the model of the Information Search Process (ISP) developed in a series of prior studies by Kuhlthau. This study sought to gain a better understanding of the variety of tasks that involve lawyers as a particular group of information workers, how they use information to accomplish their work, and the role mediators play in their Process of information seeking and use. Findings revealed that these lawyers frequently were involved in complex tasks that required a Constructive Process of interpreting, learning and creating. To accomplish these complex tasks, they preferred printed texts over computer databases primarily because computer databases required well‐specified requests and did not offer an option for examining a wide range of information at one time. These lawyers called for an active potential role for mediators in ‘just for me’ services. ‘Just for me’ services would encompass designing systems to provide a wider range of access more compatible with the Process of construction, applying and developing principles of classification that would offer a more uniform system for organising and accessing files, and providing direction in filtering the overwhelming amount of information available on electronic resources.
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Information search Process of lawyers: a call for ’just for me’ information services
Journal of Documentation, 2001Co-Authors: Carol Collier Kuhlthau, S. L. TamaAbstract:The study reported in this paper is part of a programme of ongoing research based on the model of the Information Search Process (ISP) developed in a series of prior studies by Kuhlthau. This study sought to gain a better understanding of the variety of tasks that involve lawyers as a particular group of information workers, how they use information to accomplish their work, and the role mediators play in their Process of information seeking and use. Findings revealed that these lawyers frequently were involved in complex tasks that required a Constructive Process of interpreting, learning and creating. To accomplish these complex tasks, they preferred printed texts over computer databases primarily because computer databases required well‐specified requests and did not offer an option for examining a wide range of information at one time. These lawyers called for an active potential role for mediators in ‘just for me’ services. ‘Just for me’ services would encompass designing systems to provide a wider range of access more compatible with the Process of construction, applying and developing principles of classification that would offer a more uniform system for organising and accessing files, and providing direction in filtering the overwhelming amount of information available on electronic resources.
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students and the information search Process zones of intervention for librarians
Advances in librarianship, 1994Co-Authors: Carol Collier KuhlthauAbstract:The author summarizes recent studies of information-seeking behavior as a Constructive Process, introduces the concept of diagnosing possible zones of intervention, defines levels of mediation, and suggests a model that includes specific roles for librarians, as well as delineated strategies for productive intervention. Librarians and other information professional involved in the design of reference and instruction programs will find well- supported ideas
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seeking meaning a Process approach to library and information services
1993Co-Authors: Carol Collier KuhlthauAbstract:List of Figures List of Tables Preface Introduction The Constructive Process in Library and Information Science Theory Learning as a Process The Information Search Process Verification of the Model of the Information Search Process Longitudinal Confirmation of the Information Search Process Uncertainty Principle Roles of Mediators in the Process of Information Seeking Zones of Intervention into the Process of Information Seeking Implementing the Process Approach Information Search Process in the Work Place Process-Oriented Library and Information Services References Author Index Subject Index
Yung C. Shin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Constructive training of recurrent neural networks using hybrid optimization
Neurocomputing, 2010Co-Authors: Niranjan Subrahmanya, Yung C. ShinAbstract:Training of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is known to be a very difficult task. This work proposes a novel Constructive method for simultaneous structure and parameter training of Elman-type RNNs using a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and covariance matrix adaptation based evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). The proposed method allows the imposition of certain stability conditions, which can be maintained throughout the Constructive Process. The examples reported show a monotonic decrease in training error throughout the Constructive Process and also demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method for structure and parameter training of RNNs.
Daniel Robey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Dual-Motor, Constructive Process Model of Organizational Transition
Organization Studies, 2004Co-Authors: Paul E. Cule, Daniel RobeyAbstract:The hyper-competitive global business environment of the information age has challenged many companies to transform their business models and organizational forms. Drawing from the theoretical models of Van de Ven and Poole, we propose a Process theory of organizational transition that incorporates two generative mechanisms, or ‘motors’. At the individual level, we employ a teleological motor, which captures the managerial actions undertaken to promote transformation. At the organizational level, we employ a dialectic motor, which captures forces both promoting and opposing change. The model consists of three sequential phases of transition: creation, destruction, and unification. The model is grounded in an empirical study of a large company undergoing a major transition in business model and organization structure during the decade of the 1990s.
Eric J. Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Constructive Process view of decision making: Multiple strategies in judgment and choice
Acta Psychologica, 1992Co-Authors: John W. Payne, James R. Bettman, Eloise Coupey, Eric J. JohnsonAbstract:Abstract A viewpoint that has recently emerged in decision research is that preferences for objects of any complexity are often constructed — not merely revealed — in generating a response to a judgement or choice task. This paper reviews a program of research that traces the Constructiveness of preferences to the use of multiple strategies in decision making, contingent on task demands. It is argued that individuals often build strategies opportunistically, changing their Processing on the spot depending upon the information they encounter during the course of solving the decision problem.
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A Constructive Process View of Decision Making: Multiple Strategies in Judgment and Choice
1992Co-Authors: John W. Payne, James R. Bettman, Eloise Coupey, Eric J. JohnsonAbstract:A viewpoint that has recently emerged in decision research is that preferences for objects of any complexity are often constructed - not merely revealed - in generating a response to a judgment or choice task. This paper reviews a program of research that traces the Constructiveness of preferences to the use of multiple strategies in decision making, contingent on task demands. It is argued that individuals often build strategies opportunistically, changing their Processing on the spot depending upon the information they encounter during the course of solving the decision problem
Niranjan Subrahmanya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Constructive training of recurrent neural networks using hybrid optimization
Neurocomputing, 2010Co-Authors: Niranjan Subrahmanya, Yung C. ShinAbstract:Training of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) is known to be a very difficult task. This work proposes a novel Constructive method for simultaneous structure and parameter training of Elman-type RNNs using a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and covariance matrix adaptation based evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). The proposed method allows the imposition of certain stability conditions, which can be maintained throughout the Constructive Process. The examples reported show a monotonic decrease in training error throughout the Constructive Process and also demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method for structure and parameter training of RNNs.