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Darrell S Rigel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • high spf sunscreens spf 70 may provide ultraviolet protection above minimal recommended levels by adequately compensating for lower sunscreen user Application amounts
    Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hao Ouyang, Joseph W Stanfield, Curtis Cole, Yohini Appa, Darrell S Rigel
    Abstract:

    Background The manner in which Consumers apply sunscreens is often inadequate for ultraviolet protection according to the labeled sun protection factor (SPF). Although sunscreen SPFs are labeled by testing at an Application density of 2 mg/cm 2 , the actual protection received is often substantially less because of Consumer Application densities ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg/cm 2 . High-SPF sunscreens may provide more adequate protection even when applied by Consumers at inadequate amounts. Objective We sought to measure the actual SPF values of various sunscreens (labeled SPF 30-100) applied in amounts typical of those used by Consumers. Methods Actual SPF values were measured on human volunteers for 6 sunscreen products with labeled SPF values ranging from 30 to 100, applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/cm 2 . Results There was a linear relationship between Application density and the actual SPF; sunscreens with labeled SPF values of 70 and above provided significant protection, even at the low Application densities typically applied by Consumers. Sunscreens labeled SPF 70 and 100 applied at 0.5 mg/cm 2 provided an actual SPF value of, respectively, 19 and 27. Limitations The study was conducted in a laboratory setting under standardized conditions and results are extrapolated to actual in-use situations. Conclusion Sunscreens with SPF 70 and above add additional clinical benefits when applied by Consumers at typically used amounts, by delivering an actual SPF that meets the minimum SPF levels recommended for skin cancer and photodamage prevention. In contrast, sunscreens with SPF 30 or 50 may not produce sufficient protection at actual Consumer usage levels.

Jl Martinez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wyner-Ziv to H.264 Video Transcoder for Low Cost Video Encoding
    'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2009
    Co-Authors: Jl Martinez, Fernandez-escribano G, Kalva H, Fernando Wac, Cuenca P
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a Wyner-Ziv / H.264 transcoder that enables low cost video Applications. The proposed solution supports video encoding on resource constrained devices such as disposable video cameras, network camcorders and low cost video encoders. This approach is based on reducing encoding resource requirements on a device by using Wyner-Ziv video encoding. The system shifts the burden of complexity away from the encoder, for example to a network node, where a transcoder efficiently converts WZ encoded video to H.264 by reusing the information from the WZ decoding stage. The transcoded H.264 video is require fewer resources than WZ decoding and therefore reduces the complexity of decoding. The complexity of encoding and playback ends of video Applications is thus reduced enabling new class of. Consumer Application. The paper is focused on reducing the complexity of the macro-block mode coding decision process carried out in H.264 encoding stage of the transcoder. Based on a data mining process, the approach replaces the high complexity H.264 mode decision algorithm by a faster decision tree. The proposed architecture reduces the battery consumption of the end-user devices and the transcoding time is reduced by 86% with negligible rate-distortion loss

  • C & Cuenca P, ‘Wyner-Ziv to H.264 Video Transcoder for Low Cost Video Encoding
    2009
    Co-Authors: Jl Martinez, G. Fernández-escribano, H. Kalva, W. A. C Fern, P. Cuenca
    Abstract:

    Abstract — This paper proposes a Wyner-Ziv / H.264 transcoder that enables low cost video Applications. The proposed solution supports video encoding on resource constrained devices such as disposable video cameras, network camcorders and low cost video encoders. This approach is based on reducing encoding resource requirements on a device by using Wyner-Ziv video encoding. The system shifts the burden of complexity away from the encoder, for example to a network node, where a transcoder efficiently converts WZ encoded video to H.264 by reusing the information from the WZ decoding stage. The transcoded H.264 video is requires fewer resources than WZ decoding and therefore reduces the complexity of decoding. The complexity of encoding and playback ends of video Applications is thus reduced enabling new class of Consumer Application. The paper is focused on reducing the complexity of the macro-block mode coding decision process carried out in H.264 encoding stage of the transcoder. Based on a data mining process, the approach replaces the high complexity H.264 mode decision algorithm by a faster decision tree. The proposed architecture reduces the battery consumption of the end-user devices and the transcoding time is reduced by 86% with negligible rate-distortion loss1

Hao Ouyang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • high spf sunscreens spf 70 may provide ultraviolet protection above minimal recommended levels by adequately compensating for lower sunscreen user Application amounts
    Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hao Ouyang, Joseph W Stanfield, Curtis Cole, Yohini Appa, Darrell S Rigel
    Abstract:

    Background The manner in which Consumers apply sunscreens is often inadequate for ultraviolet protection according to the labeled sun protection factor (SPF). Although sunscreen SPFs are labeled by testing at an Application density of 2 mg/cm 2 , the actual protection received is often substantially less because of Consumer Application densities ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg/cm 2 . High-SPF sunscreens may provide more adequate protection even when applied by Consumers at inadequate amounts. Objective We sought to measure the actual SPF values of various sunscreens (labeled SPF 30-100) applied in amounts typical of those used by Consumers. Methods Actual SPF values were measured on human volunteers for 6 sunscreen products with labeled SPF values ranging from 30 to 100, applied at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/cm 2 . Results There was a linear relationship between Application density and the actual SPF; sunscreens with labeled SPF values of 70 and above provided significant protection, even at the low Application densities typically applied by Consumers. Sunscreens labeled SPF 70 and 100 applied at 0.5 mg/cm 2 provided an actual SPF value of, respectively, 19 and 27. Limitations The study was conducted in a laboratory setting under standardized conditions and results are extrapolated to actual in-use situations. Conclusion Sunscreens with SPF 70 and above add additional clinical benefits when applied by Consumers at typically used amounts, by delivering an actual SPF that meets the minimum SPF levels recommended for skin cancer and photodamage prevention. In contrast, sunscreens with SPF 30 or 50 may not produce sufficient protection at actual Consumer usage levels.

P. Cuenca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • C & Cuenca P, ‘Wyner-Ziv to H.264 Video Transcoder for Low Cost Video Encoding
    2009
    Co-Authors: Jl Martinez, G. Fernández-escribano, H. Kalva, W. A. C Fern, P. Cuenca
    Abstract:

    Abstract — This paper proposes a Wyner-Ziv / H.264 transcoder that enables low cost video Applications. The proposed solution supports video encoding on resource constrained devices such as disposable video cameras, network camcorders and low cost video encoders. This approach is based on reducing encoding resource requirements on a device by using Wyner-Ziv video encoding. The system shifts the burden of complexity away from the encoder, for example to a network node, where a transcoder efficiently converts WZ encoded video to H.264 by reusing the information from the WZ decoding stage. The transcoded H.264 video is requires fewer resources than WZ decoding and therefore reduces the complexity of decoding. The complexity of encoding and playback ends of video Applications is thus reduced enabling new class of Consumer Application. The paper is focused on reducing the complexity of the macro-block mode coding decision process carried out in H.264 encoding stage of the transcoder. Based on a data mining process, the approach replaces the high complexity H.264 mode decision algorithm by a faster decision tree. The proposed architecture reduces the battery consumption of the end-user devices and the transcoding time is reduced by 86% with negligible rate-distortion loss1

Cuenca P - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Wyner-Ziv to H.264 Video Transcoder for Low Cost Video Encoding
    'Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)', 2009
    Co-Authors: Jl Martinez, Fernandez-escribano G, Kalva H, Fernando Wac, Cuenca P
    Abstract:

    This paper proposes a Wyner-Ziv / H.264 transcoder that enables low cost video Applications. The proposed solution supports video encoding on resource constrained devices such as disposable video cameras, network camcorders and low cost video encoders. This approach is based on reducing encoding resource requirements on a device by using Wyner-Ziv video encoding. The system shifts the burden of complexity away from the encoder, for example to a network node, where a transcoder efficiently converts WZ encoded video to H.264 by reusing the information from the WZ decoding stage. The transcoded H.264 video is require fewer resources than WZ decoding and therefore reduces the complexity of decoding. The complexity of encoding and playback ends of video Applications is thus reduced enabling new class of. Consumer Application. The paper is focused on reducing the complexity of the macro-block mode coding decision process carried out in H.264 encoding stage of the transcoder. Based on a data mining process, the approach replaces the high complexity H.264 mode decision algorithm by a faster decision tree. The proposed architecture reduces the battery consumption of the end-user devices and the transcoding time is reduced by 86% with negligible rate-distortion loss