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Jose I Pedrero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Control of transmission error of high Contact Ratio spur gears with symmetric profile modifications
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2020Co-Authors: Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I PedreroAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a study on the influence on the quasi-static transmission error of symmetric long profile modifications on high Contact Ratio spur gears. A previously developed model for the load sharing Ratio and quasi-static transmission error, based on the hypothesis of equal delay interval in all the teeth in simultaneous Contact, has been used. The simple formulation of the model allows to obtain the equation of the required profile modification to ensure a preestablished function of load sharing Ratio or quasi-static transmission error. From this model, the tip reliefs for minimum peak-to-peak amplitude of quasi-static transmission error and for minimum dynamic load, have been obtained. In both cases, the optimum length of modification has been expressed as a function of the Contact Ratio.
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Load sharing model for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modifications
Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:The start of Contact between loaded involute gear teeth occurs before reaching the theoretical inner point of Contact due to the load-induced deflections of previous tooth pairs in Contact. This sooner Contact occurs outside the pressure line and produces a shock between the driving tooth root and the driven tooth tip, which induces noise, vibRations and dynamic load. To avoid these undesirable effects profile modifications are often used, which through a suitable tip relief at the driven tooth delay the actual start of Contact until locate it at the theoretical inner point of Contact. However, the length and shape of profile modification have also influence on the curves of load sharing and quasi-static transmission error. Specifically, long tip relieves, beyond the interval of minimum tooth pair Contact, which are unsuitable for standard Contact Ratio spur gears, may reduce drastically the load at the inner points of the path of Contact of high Contact Ratio gears, though a peak of load arises at the outer interval of two pair tooth Contact. Since the determinant Contact stresses are usually located at the inner points of the Contact interval and the determinant tooth-root stresses at the outer ones, long tip relieves can be used for balancing both determinant stresses and improving the load capacity.
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Study of the tooth Contact for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long tip relief
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:Profile modifications are commonly used to avoid shocks between meshing gear teeth produced by the delay of the driven gear, and the subsequent sooner start of Contact, due to the teeth deflections. A suitable tip relief at the driven tooth shifts the start of Contact to the proper location at the theoretical inner point of Contact. The shape of the relief governs the loading curve of the tooth pair, while the length of relief determines the intervals in which this actual loading curve differs from the theoretical one of unmodified teeth. As at least one tooth pair should be in Contact at the unmodified involute profile interval, the length of modification should be smaller than the length of the intervals of two pair tooth Contact; otherwise, a shock at the end of Contact of the previous pair is unavoidable. However this problem does not occur for high Contact Ratio spur gears, in which at least two couples of teeth are in Contact at any moment. In this work, a study on the load sharing and the quasi-static transmission error for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modification has been performed, and a model for the tooth Contact has been developed.
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Tooth-root stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears
Meccanica, 2014Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Jose I PedreroAbstract:In this paper, a non-uniform model of load distribution along the line of Contact of spur and helical gears, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, has been used, combined with the equations of the linear elasticity, to evaluate the tooth-root stress of high transverse Contact Ratio gears. The values of both critical stress and load conditions have been obtained and a complete analysis of the tooth bending strength has been carried out. As the load per unit of length at any point of the line of Contact and any position of the meshing cycle has been described by a very simple equation, a complete study of the location and the value of the tooth-root stress has been carried out. From this study, a recommendation for the calculation of the bending load capacity of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears is proposed.
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Contact stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gear teeth
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2013Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I Pedrero, Miguel PleguezuelosAbstract:Abstract For Contact stress calculations of spur and helical gears, the Hertz equation can be used in combination with a model of load distribution along the line of Contact. This load distribution is not uniform due to the changing rigidity of the pair of teeth along the path of Contact and has decisive influence on the location and the value of the critical Contact stress to consider for calculations. Moreover, the load distribution can be highly influenced for non-standard gearing conditions as the presence of undercut, enlarged tooth addendum or reduced center distance, often present in high transverse Contact Ratio gears. In this paper, a new calculation method of the Contact stress of spur and helical gears with transverse Contact Ratio greater than 2 is developed. It is based on the Hertz equation and an enhanced model of load distribution, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, suitable for non-standard gearing conditions. A complete study on the critical load conditions and the value of the critical Contact stress has been carried out. As a result, a recommendation for pitting load capacity calculations is proposed.
Miryam B. Sánchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Control of transmission error of high Contact Ratio spur gears with symmetric profile modifications
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2020Co-Authors: Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I PedreroAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a study on the influence on the quasi-static transmission error of symmetric long profile modifications on high Contact Ratio spur gears. A previously developed model for the load sharing Ratio and quasi-static transmission error, based on the hypothesis of equal delay interval in all the teeth in simultaneous Contact, has been used. The simple formulation of the model allows to obtain the equation of the required profile modification to ensure a preestablished function of load sharing Ratio or quasi-static transmission error. From this model, the tip reliefs for minimum peak-to-peak amplitude of quasi-static transmission error and for minimum dynamic load, have been obtained. In both cases, the optimum length of modification has been expressed as a function of the Contact Ratio.
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Load sharing model for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modifications
Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:The start of Contact between loaded involute gear teeth occurs before reaching the theoretical inner point of Contact due to the load-induced deflections of previous tooth pairs in Contact. This sooner Contact occurs outside the pressure line and produces a shock between the driving tooth root and the driven tooth tip, which induces noise, vibRations and dynamic load. To avoid these undesirable effects profile modifications are often used, which through a suitable tip relief at the driven tooth delay the actual start of Contact until locate it at the theoretical inner point of Contact. However, the length and shape of profile modification have also influence on the curves of load sharing and quasi-static transmission error. Specifically, long tip relieves, beyond the interval of minimum tooth pair Contact, which are unsuitable for standard Contact Ratio spur gears, may reduce drastically the load at the inner points of the path of Contact of high Contact Ratio gears, though a peak of load arises at the outer interval of two pair tooth Contact. Since the determinant Contact stresses are usually located at the inner points of the Contact interval and the determinant tooth-root stresses at the outer ones, long tip relieves can be used for balancing both determinant stresses and improving the load capacity.
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Study of the tooth Contact for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long tip relief
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:Profile modifications are commonly used to avoid shocks between meshing gear teeth produced by the delay of the driven gear, and the subsequent sooner start of Contact, due to the teeth deflections. A suitable tip relief at the driven tooth shifts the start of Contact to the proper location at the theoretical inner point of Contact. The shape of the relief governs the loading curve of the tooth pair, while the length of relief determines the intervals in which this actual loading curve differs from the theoretical one of unmodified teeth. As at least one tooth pair should be in Contact at the unmodified involute profile interval, the length of modification should be smaller than the length of the intervals of two pair tooth Contact; otherwise, a shock at the end of Contact of the previous pair is unavoidable. However this problem does not occur for high Contact Ratio spur gears, in which at least two couples of teeth are in Contact at any moment. In this work, a study on the load sharing and the quasi-static transmission error for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modification has been performed, and a model for the tooth Contact has been developed.
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Tooth-root stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears
Meccanica, 2014Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Jose I PedreroAbstract:In this paper, a non-uniform model of load distribution along the line of Contact of spur and helical gears, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, has been used, combined with the equations of the linear elasticity, to evaluate the tooth-root stress of high transverse Contact Ratio gears. The values of both critical stress and load conditions have been obtained and a complete analysis of the tooth bending strength has been carried out. As the load per unit of length at any point of the line of Contact and any position of the meshing cycle has been described by a very simple equation, a complete study of the location and the value of the tooth-root stress has been carried out. From this study, a recommendation for the calculation of the bending load capacity of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears is proposed.
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Contact stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gear teeth
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2013Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I Pedrero, Miguel PleguezuelosAbstract:Abstract For Contact stress calculations of spur and helical gears, the Hertz equation can be used in combination with a model of load distribution along the line of Contact. This load distribution is not uniform due to the changing rigidity of the pair of teeth along the path of Contact and has decisive influence on the location and the value of the critical Contact stress to consider for calculations. Moreover, the load distribution can be highly influenced for non-standard gearing conditions as the presence of undercut, enlarged tooth addendum or reduced center distance, often present in high transverse Contact Ratio gears. In this paper, a new calculation method of the Contact stress of spur and helical gears with transverse Contact Ratio greater than 2 is developed. It is based on the Hertz equation and an enhanced model of load distribution, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, suitable for non-standard gearing conditions. A complete study on the critical load conditions and the value of the critical Contact stress has been carried out. As a result, a recommendation for pitting load capacity calculations is proposed.
Miguel Pleguezuelos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Control of transmission error of high Contact Ratio spur gears with symmetric profile modifications
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2020Co-Authors: Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I PedreroAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a study on the influence on the quasi-static transmission error of symmetric long profile modifications on high Contact Ratio spur gears. A previously developed model for the load sharing Ratio and quasi-static transmission error, based on the hypothesis of equal delay interval in all the teeth in simultaneous Contact, has been used. The simple formulation of the model allows to obtain the equation of the required profile modification to ensure a preestablished function of load sharing Ratio or quasi-static transmission error. From this model, the tip reliefs for minimum peak-to-peak amplitude of quasi-static transmission error and for minimum dynamic load, have been obtained. In both cases, the optimum length of modification has been expressed as a function of the Contact Ratio.
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Load sharing model for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modifications
Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:The start of Contact between loaded involute gear teeth occurs before reaching the theoretical inner point of Contact due to the load-induced deflections of previous tooth pairs in Contact. This sooner Contact occurs outside the pressure line and produces a shock between the driving tooth root and the driven tooth tip, which induces noise, vibRations and dynamic load. To avoid these undesirable effects profile modifications are often used, which through a suitable tip relief at the driven tooth delay the actual start of Contact until locate it at the theoretical inner point of Contact. However, the length and shape of profile modification have also influence on the curves of load sharing and quasi-static transmission error. Specifically, long tip relieves, beyond the interval of minimum tooth pair Contact, which are unsuitable for standard Contact Ratio spur gears, may reduce drastically the load at the inner points of the path of Contact of high Contact Ratio gears, though a peak of load arises at the outer interval of two pair tooth Contact. Since the determinant Contact stresses are usually located at the inner points of the Contact interval and the determinant tooth-root stresses at the outer ones, long tip relieves can be used for balancing both determinant stresses and improving the load capacity.
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Study of the tooth Contact for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long tip relief
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2019Co-Authors: Jose I Pedrero, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Miryam B. SánchezAbstract:Profile modifications are commonly used to avoid shocks between meshing gear teeth produced by the delay of the driven gear, and the subsequent sooner start of Contact, due to the teeth deflections. A suitable tip relief at the driven tooth shifts the start of Contact to the proper location at the theoretical inner point of Contact. The shape of the relief governs the loading curve of the tooth pair, while the length of relief determines the intervals in which this actual loading curve differs from the theoretical one of unmodified teeth. As at least one tooth pair should be in Contact at the unmodified involute profile interval, the length of modification should be smaller than the length of the intervals of two pair tooth Contact; otherwise, a shock at the end of Contact of the previous pair is unavoidable. However this problem does not occur for high Contact Ratio spur gears, in which at least two couples of teeth are in Contact at any moment. In this work, a study on the load sharing and the quasi-static transmission error for high Contact Ratio spur gears with long profile modification has been performed, and a model for the tooth Contact has been developed.
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Tooth-root stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears
Meccanica, 2014Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Miguel Pleguezuelos, Jose I PedreroAbstract:In this paper, a non-uniform model of load distribution along the line of Contact of spur and helical gears, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, has been used, combined with the equations of the linear elasticity, to evaluate the tooth-root stress of high transverse Contact Ratio gears. The values of both critical stress and load conditions have been obtained and a complete analysis of the tooth bending strength has been carried out. As the load per unit of length at any point of the line of Contact and any position of the meshing cycle has been described by a very simple equation, a complete study of the location and the value of the tooth-root stress has been carried out. From this study, a recommendation for the calculation of the bending load capacity of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gears is proposed.
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Contact stress calculation of high transverse Contact Ratio spur and helical gear teeth
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2013Co-Authors: Miryam B. Sánchez, Jose I Pedrero, Miguel PleguezuelosAbstract:Abstract For Contact stress calculations of spur and helical gears, the Hertz equation can be used in combination with a model of load distribution along the line of Contact. This load distribution is not uniform due to the changing rigidity of the pair of teeth along the path of Contact and has decisive influence on the location and the value of the critical Contact stress to consider for calculations. Moreover, the load distribution can be highly influenced for non-standard gearing conditions as the presence of undercut, enlarged tooth addendum or reduced center distance, often present in high transverse Contact Ratio gears. In this paper, a new calculation method of the Contact stress of spur and helical gears with transverse Contact Ratio greater than 2 is developed. It is based on the Hertz equation and an enhanced model of load distribution, obtained from the minimum elastic potential criterion, suitable for non-standard gearing conditions. A complete study on the critical load conditions and the value of the critical Contact stress has been carried out. As a result, a recommendation for pitting load capacity calculations is proposed.
Dennis P. Townsend - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Contact Ratio on spur gear dynamic load with no tooth profile modifications
Journal of Mechanical Design, 1996Co-Authors: Chuen-huei Liou, Fred B. Oswald, Dennis P. TownsendAbstract:This paper presents a computer simulation showing how the gear Contact Ratio affects the dynamic load on a spur gear transmission. The Contact Ratio can be affected by the tooth addendum, the pressure angle, the tooth size (diametral pitch), and the center distance. The analysis presented in this paper was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST. In the analysis, the Contact Ratio was varied over the range 1.20 to 2.40 by changing the length of the tooth addendum. In order to simplify the analysis, other parameters related to Contact Ratio were held constant. The Contact Ratio was found to have a significant influence on gear dynamics. Over a wide range of operating speeds, a Contact Ratio close to 2.0 minimized dynamic load. For low-Contact-Ratio gears (Contact Ratio less than two), increasing the Contact Ratio reduced gear dynamic load. For high-Contact-Ratio gears (Contact Ratio equal to or greater than 2.0), the selection of Contact Ratio should take into consideRation the intended operating speeds. In general, high-Contact-Ratio gears minimized dynamic load better than low-Contact-Ratio gears.
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Computer-Aided Design of High-Contact-Ratio Gears for Minimum Dynamic Load and Stress
Journal of Mechanical Design, 1993Co-Authors: Fred B. Oswald, Dennis P. TownsendAbstract:This paper presents a numerical procedure for minimizing dynamic effects on high-Contact-Ratio gears by modification of the tooth profile. The paper examines and compares both linear and parabolic tooth profile modifications of high-Contact-Ratio gears under various loading conditions. The effects of the total amount of modification and the length of the modification zone were systematically studied at various loads and speeds to find the optimum profile design for minimizing the dynamic load and the tooth bending stress. Parabolic profile modification is preferred over linear profile modification for high-Contact-Ratio gears because of its lower sensitivity to manufacturing errors. For parabolic modification a greater amount of modification at the tooth tip and a longer modification zone are required. Design charts are presented for high-Contact-Ratio gears with various profile modifications operating under a range of loads. A procedure is illustrated for using the charts to find the optimum profile design.
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Effect of Contact Ratio on spur gear dynamic load
1992Co-Authors: Chuen-huei Liou, Fred B. Oswald, Dennis P. TownsendAbstract:Abstract : This paper presents a computer simulation showing how the gear Contact Ratio affects the dynamic load on a spur gear transmission. The Contact Ratio can be affected by the tooth addendum, the pressure angle, the tooth size (diametral pitch), and the center distance. The analysis presented in this paper was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST. In the analysis the Contact Ratio was varied over the range 1.20 to 2.40 by changing the length of the tooth addendum. In order to simplify the analysis, other parameters related to Contact Ratio were held constant. The Contact Ratio was found to have a significant influence on gear dynamics. Over a wide range of operating speeds a Contact Ratio close to 2.0 minimized dynamic load. For low-Contact-Ratio gears (Contact Ratio less than 2.0), increasing the Contact Ratio reduced the gear dynamic load. For high-Contact-Ratio gears (Contact Ratio equal to or greater than 2.0), the selection of Contact Ratio should take into consideRation the intended operating speeds. In general, high-Contact-Ratio gears minimized dynamic load better than low-Contact-Ratio gears.
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Influence of Linear Profile Modification and Loading Conditions on The Dynamic Tooth Load and Stress of High-Contact-Ratio Spur Gears
Journal of Mechanical Design, 1991Co-Authors: Fred B. Oswald, Dennis P. TownsendAbstract:This paper presents a computer simulation for the dynamic response of high-Contact-Ratio spur gear transmissions.High Contact Ratio gears have the potential to produce lower dynamic tooth loads and minimum root stress but they can be sensitive to tooth profile errors. The analysis presented in this paper examines various profile modifications under realistic loading conditions. The effect of these modifications on the dynamic load (force) between mating gear teeth and the dynamic root stress is presented. Since the Contact stress is dependent on the dynamic load, minimizing dynamic loads will also minimize Contact stresses. This paper shows that the combination of profile modification and the applied load (torque) carried by a gear system has a significant influence on gear dynamics. The ideal modification at one value of applied load will not be the best solution for a different load. High Contact Ratio gears were found to require less modification than standard low-Contact-Ratio gears.
G. Muthuveerappan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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investigation of load carrying capacity of asymmetric high Contact Ratio spur gear based on load sharing using direct gear design approach
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2016Co-Authors: P. Marimuthu, G. MuthuveerappanAbstract:Abstract The Direct Gear Design® approach is one of the many gear designing methods available to improve load carrying capacity of the gear pairs. For customized gear pairs, the direct gear design approach is more advantageous over conventional design. In this paper, a parametric study is carried out for asymmetric high Contact Ratio spur gears based on load sharing method to determine the improvement in load carrying capacity. A finite element model for multi-pair Contact is adopted to determine the non-dimensional fillet and Contact stresses which quantify the load carrying capacity of the gear pairs. The results of direct designed symmetric and asymmetric high Contact Ratio spur gears are compared with the conventional symmetric high Contact Ratio spur gears. Also, the influence of gear parameters such as addendum pressure angle, gear Ratio, teeth number and backup Ratio of non-dimensional stresses is analyzed in detail. The results show significant improvement in gear pair performance for all parameters analyzed.
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design of asymmetric normal Contact Ratio spur gear drive through direct design to enhance the load carrying capacity
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2016Co-Authors: P. Marimuthu, G. MuthuveerappanAbstract:Abstract Maximum fillet and Contact stresses of asymmetric normal Contact Ratio spur gears designed by direct design method are evaluated based on the load sharing Ratio, using finite element method. For a direct gear design, area of existence diagrams are developed for known input gear parameters such as number of teeth, coefficient of asymmetry, top land thickness coefficient and drive side Contact Ratio. A unique Ansys parametric design language code is developed to find the load sharing Ratio, maximum fillet and Contact stresses. The fillet stress is calculated in terms of non-dimensional stress. The influence of gear drive parameters such as drive and coast side pressure angles, top-land thickness coefficients, Contact Ratio, coefficient of asymmetry, gear Ratio and teeth number on load carrying capacity has been studied extensively on non-dimensional fillet stress and maximum Contact stress and compared with that of the conventionally designed gears. Through parametric study, suitable suggestions are made for the design of asymmetric gear drive for an enhanced load carrying capacity with constant Contact Ratio and constant drive side pressure angle separately.
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Optimization of fillet stress to enhance the bending strength through non-standard high Contact Ratio spur gears
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2015Co-Authors: P. Marimuthu, G. MuthuveerappanAbstract:The present study aims to determine the improvement in the bending strength of the non-standard high Contact Ratio spur gears based on the balanced (optimum) fillet stress of the pinion and gear. The average number teeth in Contact is more than two for high Contact Ratio gear drives. In the non-standard high Contact Ratio spur gears, the rack cutter tooth thickness factor is more than 0.5, whereas the standard rack cutter tooth thickness factor is 0.5. The maximum fillet stresses of the pinion and gear is not equal for non-standard high Contact Ratio spur gear drives when the gear Ratio increases. In order to avoid the fatigue failure of the gear, the fillet stresses of the pinion and gear should be balanced. This balanced stress is predicted as the optimum fillet stress. Hence, the present study focuses to optimize the fillet stress with respect to the rack cutter tooth thickness factor of the pinion and gear through finite element analysis. Also, a parametric study is carried out to obtain the influence...
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estimation of tooth form factor for normal Contact Ratio asymmetric spur gear tooth
Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2015Co-Authors: Prabhu R Sekar, G. MuthuveerappanAbstract:Abstract To estimate the tooth form factor for a loaded symmetric spur gear tooth, some normalized standards like International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA) are available. However, the tooth form factor for a loaded asymmetric spur gear tooth cannot be estimated through the available standards. An asymmetric spur gear tooth is one whose drive side pressure angle is different from the coast side pressure angle. In the present work, the standard ISO B methodology has been adapted suitably for estimating the tooth form factor and the stress correction factor in asymmetric spur gear tooth. Also, the critical root fillet parameters (critical root tooth thickness, bending moment arm and radius of curvature) and the tooth form factor for asymmetric spur gear tooth with several sets of drive side and coast side pressure angles are determined through an adapted ISO method and a comparative study with FEM is also carried out.
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Effect of Drive Side Contact Ratio on Direct Design Asymmetric High Contact Ratio Spur Gear Based on Load Sharing
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: P. Marimuthu, G. MuthuveerappanAbstract:The aim of this paper is to determine the effect on direct design asymmetric high Contact Ratio spur gear based on tooth load sharing. A unique Ansys parametric design language code is developed for this study. The load sharing based bending and Contact stresses are determined for different drive side Contact Ratios. In addition to that the location of critical loading point is determined. Because the critical loading point for high Contact Ratio spur gear not lies on fixed point like normal Contact Ratio spur gears namely highest point of single tooth Contact. In conclusion an increase in drive side Contact Ratio leads to increase in the load sharing based bending stress and decrease in the Contact stress at the critical loading point.