The Experts below are selected from a list of 507 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Morten Tryland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parapoxvirus infection (Contagious Ecthyma) in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Veterinary microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Tryland, Jörn Klein, Therese Berger, Terje D Josefsen, Carlos G Das Neves, Antti Oksanen, Kjetil ÅsbakkAbstract:Contagious Ecthyma (Contagious pustular dermatitis, orf) occurs world-wide in sheep and goats and is caused by orf virus (genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae). Contagious Ecthyma outbreaks have been described in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Sweden, Finland and Norway, occasionally with high mortality. Fourteen one-year-old reindeer were corralled in mid-April. One week after arrival, two animals received a commercial live orf virus vaccine for sheep (Scabivax(®)) on scarified skin of the medial thigh. Four weeks later, the two vaccinated and six additional animals were inoculated in scarified oral mucosa with parapoxvirus obtained from reindeer with clinical Contagious Ecthyma. The remaining six reindeer were kept as sentinels, sharing feed and water with the inoculated animals. A small whitish lesion appeared on the inoculation site and the labial skin-mucosa junction of three animals five days post inoculation (p.i.). Twelve days p.i., typical Ecthyma lesions were visible on the inoculation site in six of eight animals, including both vaccinees. Four inoculated animals (including both vaccinees) and one sentinel seroconverted 12 days p.i., and five animals (including one sentinel) seroconverted 20 days p.i. No Contagious Ecthyma-like lesions were detected in the sentinels. All animals were euthanized at 26-29 days p.i. Histological examination of lesions showed proliferative dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, intra-epithelial pustules and ulcers. Orf virus DNA was detected in mandibular lymph nodes, tonsils and mucosal lesions of four animals, including one sentinel, which showed that virus transmission took place. The commercial orf virus vaccine may be difficult to administer due to the need for close-cropping and its zoonotic nature, and did not indicate significant protection, although the latter has to be verified with a larger number of animals.
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A severe outbreak of Contagious Ecthyma (orf) in a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Norway.
Veterinary microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Turid Vikøren, Tord Bretten, Atle Lillehaug, Johan Akerstedt, Magne Haugum, Morten TrylandAbstract:During July-October 2004, 19 (18 calves, 1 yearling) free-ranging musk oxen (Ovibos moschatus) at Dovre, Norway, were observed with Contagious echtyma-like lesions, and 16 of them were euthanized. Six musk oxen were subjected to necropsy, histopathological and microbiological examinations. All euthanized animals had lesions consistent with Contagious Ecthyma presenting as wart-like, scabby lesions on the muzzle, lips, oral mucosa and limbs to a variable extent. The histopathological examination showed pustular dermatitis characterized by epidermal proliferation, reticular degeneration, degenerating keratinocytes with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, vesicopustules, microabscesses and multifocal ulcerations in the epidermis which was covered by a serocellular crust. Pathology and bacteriology showed evidence of secondary infections in the skin and draining lymph nodes. Electron microscopy (negative staining) of lesions from four animals detected parapoxvirus with the typical arrangement of the outer protein filaments. Parapoxvirus DNA was detected in tissue samples from two examined animals by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from the B2L-gene. A DNA sequence of 326 nucleotides from the amplicon was compared with similar DNA sequences from parapoxvirus isolated from sheep, reindeer, musk ox and cattle. The outbreak was caused by a virus similar to other circulating orf virus variants in Norway. Antibodies against parapoxvirus were detected with a virus neutralization test in 3 of 35 musk oxen (8.6%) sampled at Dovre between 2004 and 2006. This is the first report of a severe outbreak of Contagious Ecthyma in free-ranging musk oxen.
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characterisation of parapoxviruses isolated from norwegian semi domesticated reindeer rangifer tarandus tarandus
Virology Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Joern Klein, Morten TrylandAbstract:Background Two outbreaks of the disease Contagious Ecthyma were reported in 1999 and 2000 in Norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Contagious Ecthyma is an epidermal disease of sheep and goats worldwide, which is caused by the zoonotic parapoxvirus orf virus. Characterisation of clinical samples from the two outbreaks in semi-domesticated reindeer in Norway by electron microscopy and PCR (B2L) revealed typical parapoxvirus particles and partial gene sequences corresponding to parapoxvirus, respectively. If Contagious Ecthyma in reindeer is caused by orf virus, the virus may be transferred from sheep and goats, via people, equipment and common use of pastures and corrals, to reindeer. Another possibility is that Contagious Ecthyma in reindeer is caused by a hitherto unclassified member of the parapoxvirus genus that circulates among reindeer herds and remains endemic in Norway.
Kjetil Åsbakk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parapoxvirus infection (Contagious Ecthyma) in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Veterinary microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Tryland, Jörn Klein, Therese Berger, Terje D Josefsen, Carlos G Das Neves, Antti Oksanen, Kjetil ÅsbakkAbstract:Contagious Ecthyma (Contagious pustular dermatitis, orf) occurs world-wide in sheep and goats and is caused by orf virus (genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae). Contagious Ecthyma outbreaks have been described in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Sweden, Finland and Norway, occasionally with high mortality. Fourteen one-year-old reindeer were corralled in mid-April. One week after arrival, two animals received a commercial live orf virus vaccine for sheep (Scabivax(®)) on scarified skin of the medial thigh. Four weeks later, the two vaccinated and six additional animals were inoculated in scarified oral mucosa with parapoxvirus obtained from reindeer with clinical Contagious Ecthyma. The remaining six reindeer were kept as sentinels, sharing feed and water with the inoculated animals. A small whitish lesion appeared on the inoculation site and the labial skin-mucosa junction of three animals five days post inoculation (p.i.). Twelve days p.i., typical Ecthyma lesions were visible on the inoculation site in six of eight animals, including both vaccinees. Four inoculated animals (including both vaccinees) and one sentinel seroconverted 12 days p.i., and five animals (including one sentinel) seroconverted 20 days p.i. No Contagious Ecthyma-like lesions were detected in the sentinels. All animals were euthanized at 26-29 days p.i. Histological examination of lesions showed proliferative dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, intra-epithelial pustules and ulcers. Orf virus DNA was detected in mandibular lymph nodes, tonsils and mucosal lesions of four animals, including one sentinel, which showed that virus transmission took place. The commercial orf virus vaccine may be difficult to administer due to the need for close-cropping and its zoonotic nature, and did not indicate significant protection, although the latter has to be verified with a larger number of animals.
Joern Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of parapoxviruses isolated from norwegian semi domesticated reindeer rangifer tarandus tarandus
Virology Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Joern Klein, Morten TrylandAbstract:Background Two outbreaks of the disease Contagious Ecthyma were reported in 1999 and 2000 in Norwegian semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Contagious Ecthyma is an epidermal disease of sheep and goats worldwide, which is caused by the zoonotic parapoxvirus orf virus. Characterisation of clinical samples from the two outbreaks in semi-domesticated reindeer in Norway by electron microscopy and PCR (B2L) revealed typical parapoxvirus particles and partial gene sequences corresponding to parapoxvirus, respectively. If Contagious Ecthyma in reindeer is caused by orf virus, the virus may be transferred from sheep and goats, via people, equipment and common use of pastures and corrals, to reindeer. Another possibility is that Contagious Ecthyma in reindeer is caused by a hitherto unclassified member of the parapoxvirus genus that circulates among reindeer herds and remains endemic in Norway.
Feng Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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orf virus dna vaccines expressing orfv 011 and orfv 059 chimeric protein enhances immunogenicity
Virology Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Kui Zhao, Deguang Song, Gaili Wang, Wei Gao, Tiesuo Han, Ximu Zhang, Bingbing Zhang, Zhihui Zhao, Feng GaoAbstract:Background ORFV attenuated live vaccines have been the main prophylactic measure against Contagious Ecthyma in sheep and goats in the last decades, which play an important role in preventing the outbreak of the disease. However, the available vaccines do not induce lasting immunity in sheep and goats. On the other hand, variation in the terminal genome of Orf virus vaccine strains during cell culture adaptation may affect the efficacy of a vaccine. Currently, there are no more effective antiviral treatments available for Contagious Ecthyma.
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identification and phylogenetic analysis of an orf virus isolated from an outbreak in sheep in the jilin province of china
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Kui Zhao, Deguang Song, Bingbing Zhang, Keyan Chen, Feng GaoAbstract:This study investigated an acute outbreak of Contagious Ecthyma dermatitis that occurred in November 2008 in a herd of 180 small-tailed Han sheep in the Jilin province of China. The pathological findings of this case revealed severe vascular proliferation, viral cytopathic changes in keratinocytes by vacuolar degeneration, ballooning degeneration, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, suggesting that the disease could have been caused by an Orf virus (ORFV) infection. Immunohistochemistry, indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), and transmission electron microscopy supported the diagnosis of ORFV infection. Finally, the pathogen of the disease was identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequences of major envelope protein genes (ORFV 011(B2L) and ORFV 059(F1L)). The full-length ORFV 011(B2L) and ORFV 059(F1L) genes were cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ORFV 011(B2L) and ORFV 059(F1L) genes in these outbreaks were analyzed, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed. The phylogenetic studies of ORFV 011(B2L) genes and ORFV 059(F1L) genes showed that the ORFV-Jilin province isolate clustered in different branches and was closer to the ORFV-Mukteswar 67/04 isolate and the ORFV-OV/C2 isolate, respectively. To date, there is no report on the molecular characterization of any Orf virus with other isolates around the world in mainland China. Further, the above results may provide some insight into the genotype of the etiological agent responsible for the Contagious Ecthyma dermatitis outbreak in the Jilin province, and could also provide a comparative view of the central coding region genomics of parapoxvirus (PPV).
Carlos G Das Neves - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental parapoxvirus infection (Contagious Ecthyma) in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).
Veterinary microbiology, 2012Co-Authors: Morten Tryland, Jörn Klein, Therese Berger, Terje D Josefsen, Carlos G Das Neves, Antti Oksanen, Kjetil ÅsbakkAbstract:Contagious Ecthyma (Contagious pustular dermatitis, orf) occurs world-wide in sheep and goats and is caused by orf virus (genus Parapoxvirus, family Poxviridae). Contagious Ecthyma outbreaks have been described in semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Sweden, Finland and Norway, occasionally with high mortality. Fourteen one-year-old reindeer were corralled in mid-April. One week after arrival, two animals received a commercial live orf virus vaccine for sheep (Scabivax(®)) on scarified skin of the medial thigh. Four weeks later, the two vaccinated and six additional animals were inoculated in scarified oral mucosa with parapoxvirus obtained from reindeer with clinical Contagious Ecthyma. The remaining six reindeer were kept as sentinels, sharing feed and water with the inoculated animals. A small whitish lesion appeared on the inoculation site and the labial skin-mucosa junction of three animals five days post inoculation (p.i.). Twelve days p.i., typical Ecthyma lesions were visible on the inoculation site in six of eight animals, including both vaccinees. Four inoculated animals (including both vaccinees) and one sentinel seroconverted 12 days p.i., and five animals (including one sentinel) seroconverted 20 days p.i. No Contagious Ecthyma-like lesions were detected in the sentinels. All animals were euthanized at 26-29 days p.i. Histological examination of lesions showed proliferative dermatitis with epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, intra-epithelial pustules and ulcers. Orf virus DNA was detected in mandibular lymph nodes, tonsils and mucosal lesions of four animals, including one sentinel, which showed that virus transmission took place. The commercial orf virus vaccine may be difficult to administer due to the need for close-cropping and its zoonotic nature, and did not indicate significant protection, although the latter has to be verified with a larger number of animals.