The Experts below are selected from a list of 15303 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Brian J. Reid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bringing bioavailability into Contaminated Land decision making: The way forward?
Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, A.l. Swindell, Peter Simmons, Brian J. ReidAbstract:Beyond the current regulatory regime there is ongoing research into the environmental fate of pollutants that could potentially be integrated into Contaminated Land decision making. In an era of great demand for decision support tools it is increasingly urgent for scientists to develop reliable methodology assisting sustainable Land management and for policy makers to adopt these developments. This is true notably for widespread Land contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Recently published research on bioavailability offers complementary approach into Contaminated Land evaluation as well as the assistance in the development of remediation strategies. We review these studies and critically discuss the implementation of bioavailability across different disciplines within Contaminated Land management. We identify scientific gaps and recommend transdisciplinary research confronting key normative questions facing regulators. Discussion is presented with reference to the United Kingdom's contamin...
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decision makers perspectives on the use of bioaccessibility for risk based regulation of Contaminated Land
Environment International, 2010Co-Authors: Agnieszka E Latawiec, Peter Simmons, Brian J. ReidAbstract:Information on contaminant bioaccessibility has been recognized by researchers, legislators and regulators as a decision-support tool for Contaminated Land assessment and has been subject to interest and discussion at both national and international levels. A sustainable, proportionate and risk-based approach to Contaminated Land management has been adopted by Contaminated Land regimes throughout the world. While this approach guides national and international priorities, its practical implementation in many countries, including the United Kingdom, is reliant upon local authorities. Here, we present an investigation into the views of local authorities in EngLand and Wales regarding the practical application of bioaccessibility and constraints associated with its implementation. The research involved an online survey followed by semi-structured interviews with selected respondents. A majority of survey respondents (70%) perceived bioaccessibility to be a useful tool that facilitates Contaminated Land management. However, 76% of participants indicated a need for more information regarding bioaccessibility as well as emphasising a need for more research into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Lack of statutory guidance was indicated by 78% of respondents as the main factor hampering the use of bioaccessibility data in regulatory decision-making. Divergence of policy-maker and local regulator perceptions of bioaccessibility was also indicated by the respondents. This research brings the voice of front-line regulators for Contaminated Land into the on-going discussion between policy-makers and scientists on the uses of bioaccessibility. This study concludes by proposing action priorities both for the research community and for policy-makers, which are transferable to risk-based regimes elsewhere.
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Beyond Contaminated Land assessment: On costs and benefits of bioaccessibility prediction
Environment international, 2009Co-Authors: Agnieszka Latawiec, Brian J. ReidAbstract:Advances towards sustainable Land management necessitate application of a broader portfolio of decision-support tools that improve evaluation of Contaminated Land. Over the last decade regulators have directed concerted effort towards rationalization of risk-based Contaminated Land policies recognizing bioavailability and bioaccessibility as concepts to be incorporated into risk assessments. The desire for a precise and rapid method to inform consideration of bioavailability and bioaccessibility to support risk assessment of Contaminated Land has never been greater. This study presents a comprehensive appraisal of both emerging non-exhaustive extraction techniques (subcritical water extraction and Brij 700 extraction) developed to reflect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioaccessibility to microorganisms as well as formerly demonstrated methodologies (the use of cyclodextrins and butanol extraction). Application of unified evaluation criteria across different techniques enabled comparison not only from the bioaccessibility prediction perspective but also analysis of economical (cost of extraction) and practical (such as extraction time) measures. Whilst the use of cyclodextrins was the best predictor of the bioaccessible fraction for the majority of compounds, other methods appeared more cost- and time-effective. Juxtaposition of the techniques presented in this study assists establishing cost-benefit trade-offs of different non-exhaustive extraction techniques and contributes to tailoring information on contaminant bioaccessibility to support risk evaluation on Contaminated sites.
Xiaobo Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Contaminated Land Regime Under the Soil Contamination Law of China 2018
Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaobo ZhaoAbstract:This chapter discusses China’s Contaminated Land regime under the newly adopted nationwide Contaminated Land legislation—Soil Contamination Law of China 2018. It looks at the statutory definition of soil contamination under the law. It explores the features of institutional design and institutional controls of China’s Contaminated Land regime. It also examines the risk management and control, remediation of Contaminated Land, liability issues and financial mechanisms under the regime.
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Conclusion and Recommendations: A Comparative Review of China’s Contaminated Land Regime
Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaobo ZhaoAbstract:As a concluding part of this book, this chapter restated the challenges and problems faced by China in the course of developing its own Contaminated Land regimes. It then provides a comparative review a comparative review of China’s Contaminated Land regimes under the Soil Pollution Law 2018. It finally provides recommendations for further develop the Contaminated Land regime in China.
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Financing Mechanisms for Contaminated Land Remediation and Redevelopment
Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaobo ZhaoAbstract:This chapter focuses on the main features of funding mechanisms for Contaminated Land Contaminated Land in the US and UK, and tries to determine what China can learn from the financing experiences of these two countries. It examines the financing mechanisms of the UK for Contaminated Land redevelopment Contaminated Land redevelopment efforts, and mechanisms for brownfield redevelopment Redevelopment in the US at federal and state levels. Also, it compares the regimes of UK and US and considers the application of Contaminated Land financing mechanism in China in the light of the UK and US experiences.
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Review of Regulatory Frameworks for Contaminated Land in China
Frontiers of Law in China, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaobo Zhao, Jianwei ZhangAbstract:China is suffering severe soil contamination, but no specific national legislation has been adopted to address this issue. Under the current regulatory framework, there are numerous relevant provisions on Contaminated Land management. It is recommended that a specific legislation should be promulgated at the national level to improve the current situation. Foreign experiences should be considered in China’s specific social environmental context. A proper liability mechanism should be established for a better judicial treatment to Contaminated Land issues. While a proper Contaminated Land liability mechanism is being developed, the principles of state liability and retroactive liability, and the principle that polluters pay should be followed. Public participation should be encouraged in Contaminated Land management.
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Contaminated Land Liability Regime in the UK: General Concerns for Developing Contaminated Land Liability System in China
Developing an Appropriate Contaminated Land Regime in China, 2012Co-Authors: Xiaobo ZhaoAbstract:This chapter takes a closer look at the Contaminated Land liability regime of the UK. After reviewing the legal frameworks concerning Contaminated Land issue of the UK, this Chapter reveals the basic elements of its Contaminated Land liability regime. Particularly, the establishment of pollution linkage, several key concepts, criteria for identifying liability, procedural provisions for identifying liabilities and liability standards have been discussed.
David N. Lerner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk-based management of Contaminated Land in the UK: lessons for China?
Journal of environmental management, 2008Co-Authors: Qishi Luo, Philip Catney, David N. LernerAbstract:The management of Contaminated Land is now assuming greater attention in Chinese debates on environmental governance. However, the existing management system appears ineffective as it lacks a clear policy framework and technical basis. In the United Kingdom (UK), Contaminated Land issues are dealt with through a risk-based approach. This approach emphasizes the application of risk approaches in both technical and integrated management systems. Conceptually, this paper outlines generic issues related to transferring programmes from one place to another. We argue that too much emphasis has been placed on the barriers to effective transfer, rather than focusing on methods of abstracting lessons for application in foreign settings. We then examine the Chinese system and its problems in managing Contaminated Land before turning to the UK risk-based approach to see what lessons can be learned from it. Four aspects are analyzed and compared: legislative and policy framework; administrative structure and capacity; technical approaches; and incentive strategy. Based on the experience of the UK in practice, some suggestions are then proposed for China in order to improve its management of Contaminated Land. We suggest that this should include: a focus on the problem sites; development of a risk-based technical approach and integrated management system; the introduction of financial incentives; and the use of planning control as a management strategy. It is believed that a risk-based integrated management approach may be helpful for China to achieve sustainable solutions for Contaminated Land.
Philip Catney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk-based management of Contaminated Land in the UK: lessons for China?
Journal of environmental management, 2008Co-Authors: Qishi Luo, Philip Catney, David N. LernerAbstract:The management of Contaminated Land is now assuming greater attention in Chinese debates on environmental governance. However, the existing management system appears ineffective as it lacks a clear policy framework and technical basis. In the United Kingdom (UK), Contaminated Land issues are dealt with through a risk-based approach. This approach emphasizes the application of risk approaches in both technical and integrated management systems. Conceptually, this paper outlines generic issues related to transferring programmes from one place to another. We argue that too much emphasis has been placed on the barriers to effective transfer, rather than focusing on methods of abstracting lessons for application in foreign settings. We then examine the Chinese system and its problems in managing Contaminated Land before turning to the UK risk-based approach to see what lessons can be learned from it. Four aspects are analyzed and compared: legislative and policy framework; administrative structure and capacity; technical approaches; and incentive strategy. Based on the experience of the UK in practice, some suggestions are then proposed for China in order to improve its management of Contaminated Land. We suggest that this should include: a focus on the problem sites; development of a risk-based technical approach and integrated management system; the introduction of financial incentives; and the use of planning control as a management strategy. It is believed that a risk-based integrated management approach may be helpful for China to achieve sustainable solutions for Contaminated Land.
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Dealing with Contaminated Land in the UK through ‘Development Managerialism’
Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 2006Co-Authors: Philip Catney, John Henneberry, James Meadowcroft, J. Richard EiserAbstract:Abstract The paper examines the historical evolution of the UK approach to Contaminated Land. It is argued that the rationale and character of the current policy regime are structured by the dominant discourse dealing with the problem. Successive British governments have pursued a ‘development managerialist’ approach to Contaminated Land, rather than treating it primarily as an issue of environmental quality or public health. Cost effectiveness has been a recurrent theme in the discourse. It has been made manifest through five key features of the emergent system: (i) the way that Contaminated Land is defined; (ii) the distinctive liability regime; (iii) the notion of ‘suitable for use’; (iv) its ‘risk-assessment-based’ aspects; and (v) its decentralized, bifurcated structure. A preliminary analysis of the regime suggests that, so far, it has succeeded in containing costs but may leave a toxic debt for future generations to address. In addition, a hitherto un-noted aspect of the Contaminated Land policy re...
R.m. Teeuw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Policy and administration of Contaminated Land within the European Union
European Environment, 2000Co-Authors: S. Christie, R.m. TeeuwAbstract:Current responses to Contaminated Land across the European Union (EU) are multi-layered, with varying inputs at national, regional and local levels. Responses are dependent on the policy concerns, the political system and the physical features of each state. Policy and legislation are the prerogatives of national governments. Remediation standards and guidelines on risk assessment tend to be set at national level. Most national governments also maintain Contaminated Land registers and provide some of the finance for remediation. Regional authorities are the main policy implementors, with responsibilities for all aspects of Contaminated Land management. In federal nations, regions are often instigators of Contaminated Land policy. Local authorities are frequently the first link in the identification of Contaminated Land sites and often have responsibilities to take emergency action. The day-to-day management and monitoring of Contaminated Land sites usually occurs at local authority level. Belgium and the UK are anomalous in their Contaminated Land administration: all Belgian policy and legislation comes from the regions, and in the UK most implementation comes from local authorities. Environment agencies are involved at all levels, in an advisory capacity or enforcing remediation standards. They are well placed to gauge the effectiveness of Contaminated Land policy in each EU nation (e.g., monitoring the numbers of Contaminated sites and charting remediation actions). This has not yet happened, but should be encouraged, as it would highlight examples of ‘best practice’, which could then be encouraged by the EU. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
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Varied policy of european union states on Contaminated Land
Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 1998Co-Authors: S. Christie, R.m. TeeuwAbstract:Abstract Contaminated Land is a relatively new area for policy and legislation within the states of the European Union, and there is little commonality in approach. The European Union does not have Contaminated Land policy. Environmental policy regimes vary, and “leader” countries with particular concerns about Contaminated Land, have “pulled” the majority to make policy in an area in which they would not necessarily have been interested or aware. However, there are “laggard” states that still do not have policy in this area. The member states have different problems, concerns, and political systems. Policy-making is dependent on these variables, and it is therefore unsurprising that fiscal policy, legislation, and remediation standards for Contaminated Land vary. Policy aims and actual remediation practices tend to be similar, but there are differences with almost every other aspect of Contaminated Land. Policy direction, aims, principles, and goals are considered. Policy objectives are discussed, showing both the similarities and some of the many differences between member states. The main policy instruments for controlling Contaminated Land are also examined. It is unlikely that a single policy model would be acceptable for the entire European union, but a system of “best practice” would help those trying to work in the area, such as environmental impact assessment practitioners.
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Contaminated Land policy within the European Union
European Environment, 1998Co-Authors: S. Christie, R.m. TeeuwAbstract:Contaminated Land is a large-scale problem in many areas of Europe, particularly where there has been early and continuous industrialization, but it has only become a matter of policy since the 1980s. This problem needs to be addressed by all member states, and a lead given to those who aspire to join the EU. On the topic of Contaminated Land there is a large pool of concerned states, covering both old and new members of the EU. A second group of states are now addressing the problem, and a third group ’laggard states‘ are waiting for EU guidance. Where there is policy, it is split into two areas: •Prevention of new contamination, which is usually achieved by following existing directives, planning and fiscal measures. •Remediation of old contamination. This is more difficult and more costly and requires long term commitment by states for funding, planning and on-going practical remediation. Identification, legislation, fiscal policy and remediation standards vary and, as yet, much is new and untested. The EU does not have a formal position on Contaminated Land, but should be playing a vital coordination and information gathering role. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment