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Titeux Marc-olivier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Restoration and structural uncertainties : upscaling of Mechanical properties and management of salt tectonics
    2009
    Co-Authors: Titeux Marc-olivier
    Abstract:

    Un des objectifs de la restauration structurale, sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les défauts d'interprétation ou les zones potentiellement fracturées. L'extension de cette technique en volume nécessite la définition a priori des propriétés des matériaux utilisés, notamment lorsque ces propriétés sont définies à une échelle fine. Une première partie, ce travail propose une méthode de mise à l'échelle des propriétés mécaniques utilisées pour les calculs de restauration en volume. La principale hypothèse repose sur la loi de comportement utilisée pour les matériaux définis à l'échelle grossière, supposés isotropiques transverses élastiques. Le calcul des propriétés équivalentes se fait par identification, après simulation par Éléments Finis. Cette technique a l'avantage d'assurer la conservation de l'énergie pour le même type de chargement. Dans une dernière partie, ce travail traite la gestion de la tectonique salifère lors de la restauration structurale. Les diapirs de sel présentent des topologies, des rhéologies, et des séquences de dépôt très caractéristiques. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie de restauration multi-cartes, dont la prise en compte des relations inter-horizons est respectée dans les séquences halocinétiques. Une application de cette méthode est présentée sur le bassin de La Popa (Mexique) où les différentes interprétations réalisées au travers de leurs restaurations sont comparéesStructural restoration of geological Models is undertaken to evaluate the geometrical and geological coherency of an interpretation. It can be used to determine deformation rates in different tectonic regimes. In addition, this technique has been used to evaluate high strain zones, and thus, potential fractured zones. Structural restoration attempts to reverse the effects of deformation history to an assumed initial pre-deformation state. Volumetric restoration techniques generally employ entirely Continuum Mechanic methods. The Continuum Mechanic Model behaviors are dependent on the definition of the materials for which it is imposed reversibility by using elasticity behavior laws. This property is chosen based upon the predominant rock type in the fault block, generally at small scales. To overcome this issue, a methodology to upscale elastic isotropic materials has been implemented by treating upscaled materials as elastic transversely isotropic materials. This insures energy conservation for the same types of loading. Another focus of this work has been the management of salt tectonics in restoration procedures. A multi-surfaces restoration methodology has been developped based on the conservation of apparent thicknesses between stratigraphic layers and an iso-parametric restoration. This technique avoids the dependence of the volumetric restoration on a material Model, while properly treating the restoration of unconformities and halokinetic sequences that characterize the flanks of salt structures. This technique has been tested on a field data set over a salt-withdrawal basin in the La Popa Basin (northeastern Mexico

  • Restauration et incertitudes structurales : changement d'échelles des propriétés mécaniques et gestion de la tectonique salifère
    HAL CCSD, 2009
    Co-Authors: Titeux Marc-olivier
    Abstract:

    Structural restoration of geological Models is undertaken to evaluate the geometrical and geological coherency of an interpretation. It can be used to determine deformation rates in different tectonic regimes. In addition, this technique has been used to evaluate high strain zones, and thus, potential fractured zones. Structural restoration attempts to reverse the effects of deformation history to an assumed initial pre-deformation state. Volumetric restoration techniques generally employ entirely Continuum Mechanic methods. The Continuum Mechanic Model behaviors are dependent on the definition of the materials for which it is imposed reversibility by using elasticity behavior laws. This property is chosen based upon the predominant rock type in the fault block, generally at small scales. To overcome this issue, a methodology to upscale elastic isotropic materials has been implemented by treating upscaled materials as elastic transversely isotropic materials. This insures energy conservation for the same types of loading. Another focus of this work has been the management of salt tectonics in restoration procedures. A multi-surfaces restoration methodology has been developped based on the conservation of apparent thicknesses between stratigraphic layers and an iso-parametric restoration. This technique avoids the dependence of the volumetric restoration on a material Model, while properly treating the restoration of unconformities and halokinetic sequences that characterize the flanks of salt structures. This technique has been tested on a field data set over a salt-withdrawal basin in the La Popa Basin (northeastern Mexico)Un des objectifs de la restauration structurale, sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les défauts d'interprétation ou les zones potentiellement fracturées. L'extension de cette technique en volume nécessite la définition a priori des propriétés des matériaux utilisés, notamment lorsque ces propriétés sont définies à une échelle fine. Une première partie, ce travail propose une méthode de mise à l'échelle des propriétés mécaniques utilisées pour les calculs de restauration en volume. La principale hypothèse repose sur la loi de comportement utilisée pour les matériaux définis à l'échelle grossière, supposés isotropiques transverses élastiques. Le calcul des propriétés équivalentes se fait par identification, après simulation par Éléments Finis. Cette technique a l'avantage d'assurer la conservation de l'énergie pour le même type de chargement. Dans une dernière partie, ce travail traite la gestion de la tectonique salifère lors de la restauration structurale. Les diapirs de sel présentent des topologies, des rhéologies, et des séquences de dépôt très caractéristiques. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie de restauration multi-cartes, dont la prise en compte des relations inter-horizons est respectée dans les séquences halocinétiques. Une application de cette méthode est présentée sur le bassin de La Popa (Mexique) où les différentes interprétations réalisées au travers de leurs restaurations sont comparée

  • Restauration et incertitudes structurales (changement d'échelles des propriétés mécaniques et gestion de la tectonique salifère)
    2009
    Co-Authors: Titeux Marc-olivier, Royer Jean-jacques
    Abstract:

    Un des objectifs de la restauration structurale, sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les défauts d'interprétation ou les zones potentiellement fracturées. L'extension de cette technique en volume nécessite la définition a priori des propriétés des matériaux utilisés, notamment lorsque ces propriétés sont définies à une échelle fine. Une première partie, ce travail propose une méthode de mise à l'échelle des propriétés mécaniques utilisées pour les calculs de restauration en volume. La principale hypothèse repose sur la loi de comportement utilisée pour les matériaux définis à l'échelle grossière, supposés isotropiques transverses élastiques. Le calcul des propriétés équivalentes se fait par identification, après simulation par Éléments Finis. Cette technique a l'avantage d'assurer la conservation de l'énergie pour le même type de chargement. Dans une dernière partie, ce travail traite la gestion de la tectonique salifère lors de la restauration structurale. Les diapirs de sel présentent des topologies, des rhéologies, et des séquences de dépôt très caractéristiques. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie de restauration multi-cartes, dont la prise en compte des relations inter-horizons est respectée dans les séquences halocinétiques. Une application de cette méthode est présentée sur le bassin de La Popa (Mexique) où les différentes interprétations réalisées au travers de leurs restaurations sont comparéesStructural restoration of geological Models is undertaken to evaluate the geometrical and geological coherency of an interpretation. It can be used to determine deformation rates in different tectonic regimes. In addition, this technique has been used to evaluate high strain zones, and thus, potential fractured zones. Structural restoration attempts to reverse the effects of deformation history to an assumed initial pre-deformation state. Volumetric restoration techniques generally employ entirely Continuum Mechanic methods. The Continuum Mechanic Model behaviors are dependent on the definition of the materials for which it is imposed reversibility by using elasticity behavior laws. This property is chosen based upon the predominant rock type in the fault block, generally at small scales. To overcome this issue, a methodology to upscale elastic isotropic materials has been implemented by treating upscaled materials as elastic transversely isotropic materials. This insures energy conservation for the same types of loading. Another focus of this work has been the management of salt tectonics in restoration procedures. A multi-surfaces restoration methodology has been developped based on the conservation of apparent thicknesses between stratigraphic layers and an iso-parametric restoration. This technique avoids the dependence of the volumetric restoration on a material Model, while properly treating the restoration of unconformities and halokinetic sequences that characterize the flanks of salt structures. This technique has been tested on a field data set over a salt-withdrawal basin in the La Popa Basin (northeastern Mexico)NANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Royer Jean-jacques - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Restauration et incertitudes structurales (changement d'échelles des propriétés mécaniques et gestion de la tectonique salifère)
    2009
    Co-Authors: Titeux Marc-olivier, Royer Jean-jacques
    Abstract:

    Un des objectifs de la restauration structurale, sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les défauts d'interprétation ou les zones potentiellement fracturées. L'extension de cette technique en volume nécessite la définition a priori des propriétés des matériaux utilisés, notamment lorsque ces propriétés sont définies à une échelle fine. Une première partie, ce travail propose une méthode de mise à l'échelle des propriétés mécaniques utilisées pour les calculs de restauration en volume. La principale hypothèse repose sur la loi de comportement utilisée pour les matériaux définis à l'échelle grossière, supposés isotropiques transverses élastiques. Le calcul des propriétés équivalentes se fait par identification, après simulation par Éléments Finis. Cette technique a l'avantage d'assurer la conservation de l'énergie pour le même type de chargement. Dans une dernière partie, ce travail traite la gestion de la tectonique salifère lors de la restauration structurale. Les diapirs de sel présentent des topologies, des rhéologies, et des séquences de dépôt très caractéristiques. Ce mémoire présente une méthodologie de restauration multi-cartes, dont la prise en compte des relations inter-horizons est respectée dans les séquences halocinétiques. Une application de cette méthode est présentée sur le bassin de La Popa (Mexique) où les différentes interprétations réalisées au travers de leurs restaurations sont comparéesStructural restoration of geological Models is undertaken to evaluate the geometrical and geological coherency of an interpretation. It can be used to determine deformation rates in different tectonic regimes. In addition, this technique has been used to evaluate high strain zones, and thus, potential fractured zones. Structural restoration attempts to reverse the effects of deformation history to an assumed initial pre-deformation state. Volumetric restoration techniques generally employ entirely Continuum Mechanic methods. The Continuum Mechanic Model behaviors are dependent on the definition of the materials for which it is imposed reversibility by using elasticity behavior laws. This property is chosen based upon the predominant rock type in the fault block, generally at small scales. To overcome this issue, a methodology to upscale elastic isotropic materials has been implemented by treating upscaled materials as elastic transversely isotropic materials. This insures energy conservation for the same types of loading. Another focus of this work has been the management of salt tectonics in restoration procedures. A multi-surfaces restoration methodology has been developped based on the conservation of apparent thicknesses between stratigraphic layers and an iso-parametric restoration. This technique avoids the dependence of the volumetric restoration on a material Model, while properly treating the restoration of unconformities and halokinetic sequences that characterize the flanks of salt structures. This technique has been tested on a field data set over a salt-withdrawal basin in the La Popa Basin (northeastern Mexico)NANCY-INPL-Bib. électronique (545479901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Weißker Uhland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Synthesis and Mechanical properties of iron-filled carbon nanotubes
    2013
    Co-Authors: Weißker Uhland
    Abstract:

    Carbon forms the basis of a variety of compounds. The allotropic forms of carbon include graphene, fullerenes, graphite, carbon nanotubes and diamond. All these structures possess unique physical and chemical properties. This work focusses on the usage of carbon nanotubes (CNT), especially iron-filled CNT. An industrial application of CNT requires the understanding of the growth mechanism and the control of the synthesis process parameters. Regarding iron-filled CNT the shell formation as well as the filling process has to be understood in order to control the CNT morphology and distribution and dimension of the iron filling. The thesis involves two topics - synthesis of CNT and characterization of their Mechanical properties. Chapter 2 of the present work deals with the synthesis of iron-filled CNT. In this thesis all experiments and the discussion about the growth process were conducted with respect to the demands of magnetic force microscopy probes. The experimental work was focused on the temperature profile of the furnace, the aluminum layer of the substrate, the precursor mass flow and their impact on the morphology of in-situ iron-filled CNT. By selecting appropriate process parameters for the temperature, sample position, gas flow and by controlling the precursor mass flow, CNT with a continuous filling of several microns in length were created. Existing growth Models have been analyzed and controversially discussed in order to explain the formation of typical morphologies of in-situ filled CNT. In this work a modified growth Model for the formation of in-situ filled CNT has been suggested. The combined-growth-mode Model is capable to explain the experimental results. Experiments which were conducted with respect to the assumptions of this Model, especially the role of the precursor mass flow, resulted in the formation of long and continuous iron nanowires encapsulated inside multi-walled CNT. The modified growth Model and the synthesis results showed, that besides the complexity of the parameter interaction, a control of the morphology of in-situ iron-filled CNT is possible. In chapter 3 the measurements of Mechanical properties of in-situ iron-filled CNT are presented. Two different experimental methods and setups were established, whereby one enabled a static bending measurement inside a TEM and another a dynamical excitation of flexural vibration of CNT inside SEM. For the first time Mechanical properties and in particular the effective elastic modulus Eb of in-situ iron-filled CNT were determined based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam Model (EBM). This Continuum Mechanic Model can be applied to describe the Mechanical properties of CNT and especially MWCNT in consideration of the restriction that CNT represent a macro molecular structure built of nested rolled-up graphene layers. For evaluation and determination of the elastic modulus the envelope of the resonant vibrating state was evaluated by fitting the EBM to the experimental data. The experiments also showed, that at the nanoscale the properties of sample attachment have to be taken into account. Thus, instead of a rigid boundary condition a torsion spring like behavior possessing a finite stiffness was used to Model an one side clamped CNT. The extended data evaluation considering the elastic boundary conditions resulted in an average elastic modulus of Eb = 0.41 ± 0.11 TPa. The low standard deviation gives evidence for the homogeneity of the grown material. To some extend a correlation between the formation process, the morphology and the Mechanical properties has been discussed. The obtained results prove the usability of this material as free standing tips for raster scanning microscopy and especially magnetic force microscopy. The developed methods provide the basis for further investigations of the CNT and the understanding of Mechanical behavior in greater detail

Bo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hybrid atomistic-Continuum simulation of nucleate boiling with domain re-decomposition method
    'University of Missouri Libraries', 2017
    Co-Authors: Bo Zhang
    Abstract:

    The bubble nucleation plays a pivotal role in the boiling process. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon, a critical consideration on fluid-solid interaction at atomistic level is imperative. However, traditional Molecular Dynamics simulation requires prohibited amount of computational efforts to accomplish a full scale study. Hybrid atomistic-Continuum method is a promising solution for this problem. It limits the atomistic region to a small scale where detailed information is preferable, while using Continuum method for the rest of the domain. Nevertheless, none of the current hybrid method is suitable for solving a rapid expanding system like the bubble nucleation. In this study, a domain re-decomposition hybrid atomistic-Continuum method is developed to conduct a multiscale/multiphase investigation on the bubble nucleation. In addition to the conventional coupling scheme, this method is capable to re-partition the molecular and Continuum domain once it is necessary during the simulation. That is, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) regions are interchangeable on the fly such that the bubble is absolutely confined within MD region. Giving the fact that accurate Modeling of interface tracking and phase change are still problematic for Continuum Mechanics on microscale, our coupling method directly avoids these issues since CFD domain takes care of a single-phase flow while the molecular domain simulates the bubble growth. With this idea in mind, this approach enables us to investigate the nucleate boiling on nanostructured surface with higher resolution than complete Continuum Mechanic Model based simulation. In the present result, it is observed that bubble grows at a curved surface imposed with a constant super heat after nucleate boiling occurs. Meanwhile, the energy flux flows from solid to fluid is measured during the entire process. It is believed that this coupling method is very promising in studying nano-bubble related multiphase problems on microscale

Ghis Anne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Carbon-metal vibrating nanomembranes for high frequency microresonators
    'Elsevier BV', 2018
    Co-Authors: Thibert Sébastien, Delaunay Marc, Ghis Anne
    Abstract:

    International audienceA new process to reproducibly manufacture high frequency microresonators based on few nanometer thick Ni/a-C/Pt nanomembranes is presented. An MM in tapping mode is then used to characterize the devices under electrostatic actuation, which allows the detection of the resonance frequencies and a spatial mapping of the resonant modes. Depending on their width, the 0.8 to 2.3 mu m wide resonators show resonance frequencies ranging from 20 to 110 MHz for a quality factor ranging from 14 to 291. The dependence of the resonance frequency on the resonator width are discussed considering a Continuum Mechanic Model. A membrane-like behavior appears to mainly rule the Mechanical behavior of the resonators. Together with the particular device geometry, these Mechanical properties lead to remarkable effects when the resonators are driven under a large electrostatic power. In particular, a mean vibration amplitude up to 150 nm was observed and 2D vibrational modes were activated, which paves the way to the development of new applications in various fields such as medical imaging and chemical sensing