The Experts below are selected from a list of 135 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Bruce A Hanna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Amplify Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock
    2013
    Co-Authors: Propensity Of Tampons, Philip M Tierno, Bruce A Hanna
    Abstract:

    Objective: Although the incidence of reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has declined in recent years, the disease continues to occur in menstruating women using the newer, less-absorbent tampons or barrier Contraceptives. Extant tampons and other vaginal devices were tested for the ability to induce TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) by a TSS strain of Staphylococcus aureus MN8, a known high-toxin producer. Tested for the first time were 20 varieties of tampons, including 2 all-cotton brands newly introduced in the United States, a polyurethane Contraceptive Sponge, a latex diaphragm, and a polymer menstrual collection cup. Methods: All products were washed in sterile distilled water prior to use to reduce the effect of leachable chemicals. Duplicate experiments with unwashed products were also performed. Entire tampons and other test products were immersed in brain heart infusion broth plus yeast extract (BHIY) and inoculated with S. aureus MN8, a known TSST-1 producer. After incubation, the culture supernatants were assayed for TSST-1 by gel immunodiffusion. Results: Except for all-cotton tampons, greater amounts ofTSST-1 were detected in the supernatant fluid of washed tampons than detected in those which were not washed. While TSST-1 levels i

  • Propensity of tampons and barrier Contraceptives to amplify Staphylococcus aureusToxic shock syndrome toxin-I.
    Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Philip M Tierno, Bruce A Hanna
    Abstract:

    Objective: Although the incidence of reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has declined in recent years, the disease continues to occur in menstruatingwomen using the newer, less-absorbent tampons or barrier Contraceptives. Extant tampons and other vaginal devices were tested for the ability to induce TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) by a TSS strain of Staphylococcus aureus MN8, a known high-toxin producer. Tested for the first time were 20 varieties of tampons, including 2 all-cotton brands newly introduced in the United States, a polyurethane Contraceptive Sponge, a latex diaphragm, and a polymer menstrual collection cup. Methods: All products were washed in sterile distilled water prior to use to reduce the effect of leachable chemicals. Duplicate experiments with unwashed products were also performed. Entire tampons and other test products were immersed in brain heart infusion broth plus yeast extract (BHIY) and inoculated with S. aureus MN8, a known TSST-1 producer. After incubation, the culture supernatants were assayed forTSST-1 by gel immunodiffusion. Results: Except for all-cotton tampons, greater amounts ofTSST-1 were detected in the supernatant fluid ofwashed tampons than detected in those which were notwashed. WhileTSST-1 levels in unwashed non-cotton tampons ranged from 0.5 to 8 pg/ml, when these products were washed, TSST-1 levels increased to 2-32 g/ml. In all-cotton tampons, whetherwashed or not, there was no detectable TSST-1. Conclusions: The propensity for all-cotton tampons not to amplify TSST-1 in vitro suggests they would lower the risk for tampon-associated TSS. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A Psychoyos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anti‐STD Vaginal Contraceptive Sponges
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis, Georgios Creatsas, A Psychoyos
    Abstract:

    Vaginal Sponges offer women control over protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV. Spermicide-impregnated Sponges combine the actions of a physical barrier that blocks the cervix with a material that absorbs the ejaculate and a spermicide. Commercially available spermicides contain 1-5% of nonoxynol-9 shown to inhibit organisms responsible for gonorrhea chlamydia candidiasis genital herpes syphilis trichomoniasis and HIV. On the other hand nonoxynol-9 is associated with a significantly higher risk of vaginal colonization with bacterial agents ulcerative genital diseases and vulvitis. A lower dose of nonoxynol-9 appears to avert vaginal irritation without compromising Contraceptive efficacy. Use of chlorhexidene a spermicide less irritating to mucosal cells than nonoxynol-9 but active against HIV in vivo and in vitro is under investigation. Also promising are initial findings regarding the Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge with F-5 gel. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials should provide quantitative estimates of the level of protection offered by barrier methods and identify the method that combines the highest protection ease of use and user acceptability.

  • spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge protectaid containing sodium cholate
    Human Reproduction, 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid) which contains sodium cholate together with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exerted a dose-dependent in-vitro inhibitory effect 1) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system (their 50% inhibitory dose was 7.2 mM and 0.8 x 10 v/v respectively and 2) on the potential of HIV-1 to infect human lymphocytes efficiently. In the 3 semen samples examined sperm motility was instantaneously inhibited by the addition of a 6 mM solution of sodium cholate or of a 1:10 dilution of F-5 Gel. Both cholic acid and F-5 Gel affected in a dose-dependent manner the viability of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (NPBL) and CEM cells. The Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge impregnated with F-5 Gel was given to 20 young women aged 19-25 years for a period of 1 year who had chosen this method for both contraception and against sexually transmitted diseases. All women were instructed to insert the Sponge within the 12 hours preceding each sexual intercourse and to remove it 4-6 hours afterwards. During 12 months of use with at least 3 intercourse per week the Contraceptive efficacy of the Protectaid vaginal Sponge was 100%. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in 1 and 2 cases respectively. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported and used in the Protectaid Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception. At the end of the study cervical cultures revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in 1 case each. No slide effects were recorded and only 1 woman complained of discomfort.

  • Spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid: Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge (Protectaid) containing sodium cholate.
    Human reproduction (Oxford England), 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel, the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid), which contains sodium cholate in association with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exert a dose-dependent, in-vitro inhibitory effect (i) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system and (ii) on the potential of HIV-1 efficiently to infect human lymphocytes. During 12 months use, the Contraceptive efficacy of the 'Protectaid' Sponge was 100% in 20 young women who had chosen this method for reasons of both contraception and anti-sexually transmitted disease. No side-effects were recorded throughout this period. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in one or two cases. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported in this paper and used in the 'Protectaid' Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception.

Philip M Tierno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Amplify Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock
    2013
    Co-Authors: Propensity Of Tampons, Philip M Tierno, Bruce A Hanna
    Abstract:

    Objective: Although the incidence of reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has declined in recent years, the disease continues to occur in menstruating women using the newer, less-absorbent tampons or barrier Contraceptives. Extant tampons and other vaginal devices were tested for the ability to induce TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) by a TSS strain of Staphylococcus aureus MN8, a known high-toxin producer. Tested for the first time were 20 varieties of tampons, including 2 all-cotton brands newly introduced in the United States, a polyurethane Contraceptive Sponge, a latex diaphragm, and a polymer menstrual collection cup. Methods: All products were washed in sterile distilled water prior to use to reduce the effect of leachable chemicals. Duplicate experiments with unwashed products were also performed. Entire tampons and other test products were immersed in brain heart infusion broth plus yeast extract (BHIY) and inoculated with S. aureus MN8, a known TSST-1 producer. After incubation, the culture supernatants were assayed for TSST-1 by gel immunodiffusion. Results: Except for all-cotton tampons, greater amounts ofTSST-1 were detected in the supernatant fluid of washed tampons than detected in those which were not washed. While TSST-1 levels i

  • Propensity of tampons and barrier Contraceptives to amplify Staphylococcus aureusToxic shock syndrome toxin-I.
    Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology, 1994
    Co-Authors: Philip M Tierno, Bruce A Hanna
    Abstract:

    Objective: Although the incidence of reported cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has declined in recent years, the disease continues to occur in menstruatingwomen using the newer, less-absorbent tampons or barrier Contraceptives. Extant tampons and other vaginal devices were tested for the ability to induce TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) by a TSS strain of Staphylococcus aureus MN8, a known high-toxin producer. Tested for the first time were 20 varieties of tampons, including 2 all-cotton brands newly introduced in the United States, a polyurethane Contraceptive Sponge, a latex diaphragm, and a polymer menstrual collection cup. Methods: All products were washed in sterile distilled water prior to use to reduce the effect of leachable chemicals. Duplicate experiments with unwashed products were also performed. Entire tampons and other test products were immersed in brain heart infusion broth plus yeast extract (BHIY) and inoculated with S. aureus MN8, a known TSST-1 producer. After incubation, the culture supernatants were assayed forTSST-1 by gel immunodiffusion. Results: Except for all-cotton tampons, greater amounts ofTSST-1 were detected in the supernatant fluid ofwashed tampons than detected in those which were notwashed. WhileTSST-1 levels in unwashed non-cotton tampons ranged from 0.5 to 8 pg/ml, when these products were washed, TSST-1 levels increased to 2-32 g/ml. In all-cotton tampons, whetherwashed or not, there was no detectable TSST-1. Conclusions: The propensity for all-cotton tampons not to amplify TSST-1 in vitro suggests they would lower the risk for tampon-associated TSS. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Achille Gravanis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anti‐STD Vaginal Contraceptive Sponges
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis, Georgios Creatsas, A Psychoyos
    Abstract:

    Vaginal Sponges offer women control over protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV. Spermicide-impregnated Sponges combine the actions of a physical barrier that blocks the cervix with a material that absorbs the ejaculate and a spermicide. Commercially available spermicides contain 1-5% of nonoxynol-9 shown to inhibit organisms responsible for gonorrhea chlamydia candidiasis genital herpes syphilis trichomoniasis and HIV. On the other hand nonoxynol-9 is associated with a significantly higher risk of vaginal colonization with bacterial agents ulcerative genital diseases and vulvitis. A lower dose of nonoxynol-9 appears to avert vaginal irritation without compromising Contraceptive efficacy. Use of chlorhexidene a spermicide less irritating to mucosal cells than nonoxynol-9 but active against HIV in vivo and in vitro is under investigation. Also promising are initial findings regarding the Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge with F-5 gel. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials should provide quantitative estimates of the level of protection offered by barrier methods and identify the method that combines the highest protection ease of use and user acceptability.

  • spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge protectaid containing sodium cholate
    Human Reproduction, 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid) which contains sodium cholate together with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exerted a dose-dependent in-vitro inhibitory effect 1) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system (their 50% inhibitory dose was 7.2 mM and 0.8 x 10 v/v respectively and 2) on the potential of HIV-1 to infect human lymphocytes efficiently. In the 3 semen samples examined sperm motility was instantaneously inhibited by the addition of a 6 mM solution of sodium cholate or of a 1:10 dilution of F-5 Gel. Both cholic acid and F-5 Gel affected in a dose-dependent manner the viability of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (NPBL) and CEM cells. The Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge impregnated with F-5 Gel was given to 20 young women aged 19-25 years for a period of 1 year who had chosen this method for both contraception and against sexually transmitted diseases. All women were instructed to insert the Sponge within the 12 hours preceding each sexual intercourse and to remove it 4-6 hours afterwards. During 12 months of use with at least 3 intercourse per week the Contraceptive efficacy of the Protectaid vaginal Sponge was 100%. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in 1 and 2 cases respectively. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported and used in the Protectaid Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception. At the end of the study cervical cultures revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in 1 case each. No slide effects were recorded and only 1 woman complained of discomfort.

  • Spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid: Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge (Protectaid) containing sodium cholate.
    Human reproduction (Oxford England), 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel, the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid), which contains sodium cholate in association with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exert a dose-dependent, in-vitro inhibitory effect (i) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system and (ii) on the potential of HIV-1 efficiently to infect human lymphocytes. During 12 months use, the Contraceptive efficacy of the 'Protectaid' Sponge was 100% in 20 young women who had chosen this method for reasons of both contraception and anti-sexually transmitted disease. No side-effects were recorded throughout this period. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in one or two cases. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported in this paper and used in the 'Protectaid' Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception.

E Hassan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anti‐STD Vaginal Contraceptive Sponges
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1997
    Co-Authors: E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis, Georgios Creatsas, A Psychoyos
    Abstract:

    Vaginal Sponges offer women control over protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including HIV. Spermicide-impregnated Sponges combine the actions of a physical barrier that blocks the cervix with a material that absorbs the ejaculate and a spermicide. Commercially available spermicides contain 1-5% of nonoxynol-9 shown to inhibit organisms responsible for gonorrhea chlamydia candidiasis genital herpes syphilis trichomoniasis and HIV. On the other hand nonoxynol-9 is associated with a significantly higher risk of vaginal colonization with bacterial agents ulcerative genital diseases and vulvitis. A lower dose of nonoxynol-9 appears to avert vaginal irritation without compromising Contraceptive efficacy. Use of chlorhexidene a spermicide less irritating to mucosal cells than nonoxynol-9 but active against HIV in vivo and in vitro is under investigation. Also promising are initial findings regarding the Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge with F-5 gel. Epidemiologic studies and clinical trials should provide quantitative estimates of the level of protection offered by barrier methods and identify the method that combines the highest protection ease of use and user acceptability.

  • spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge protectaid containing sodium cholate
    Human Reproduction, 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid) which contains sodium cholate together with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exerted a dose-dependent in-vitro inhibitory effect 1) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system (their 50% inhibitory dose was 7.2 mM and 0.8 x 10 v/v respectively and 2) on the potential of HIV-1 to infect human lymphocytes efficiently. In the 3 semen samples examined sperm motility was instantaneously inhibited by the addition of a 6 mM solution of sodium cholate or of a 1:10 dilution of F-5 Gel. Both cholic acid and F-5 Gel affected in a dose-dependent manner the viability of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (NPBL) and CEM cells. The Protectaid Contraceptive Sponge impregnated with F-5 Gel was given to 20 young women aged 19-25 years for a period of 1 year who had chosen this method for both contraception and against sexually transmitted diseases. All women were instructed to insert the Sponge within the 12 hours preceding each sexual intercourse and to remove it 4-6 hours afterwards. During 12 months of use with at least 3 intercourse per week the Contraceptive efficacy of the Protectaid vaginal Sponge was 100%. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in 1 and 2 cases respectively. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported and used in the Protectaid Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception. At the end of the study cervical cultures revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Candida albicans in 1 case each. No slide effects were recorded and only 1 woman complained of discomfort.

  • Spermicidal and antiviral properties of cholic acid: Contraceptive efficacy of a new vaginal Sponge (Protectaid) containing sodium cholate.
    Human reproduction (Oxford England), 1993
    Co-Authors: A Psychoyos, G Creatsas, E Hassan, V Georgoulias, Achille Gravanis
    Abstract:

    Cholic acid (sodium cholate) exhibits a strong spermicidal and antiviral [anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1] activity. The same effects are observed for F-5 Gel, the active mixture of a new Contraceptive Sponge (Protectaid), which contains sodium cholate in association with low concentrations (0.5%) of nonoxynol-9 and benzalkonium chloride. Both cholic acid and the F-5 Gel exert a dose-dependent, in-vitro inhibitory effect (i) on the activity of HIV-1 associated reverse transcriptase in an acellular system and (ii) on the potential of HIV-1 efficiently to infect human lymphocytes. During 12 months use, the Contraceptive efficacy of the 'Protectaid' Sponge was 100% in 20 young women who had chosen this method for reasons of both contraception and anti-sexually transmitted disease. No side-effects were recorded throughout this period. Cervical cultures at 6-month intervals showed the presence of Mycoplasma hominis and Candida albicans in one or two cases. The combined spermicidal and anti-HIV properties of cholic acid reported in this paper and used in the 'Protectaid' Sponge offer a new and modern protective method of contraception.