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Tessa Langley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns: a systematic review
Tobacco control, 2014Co-Authors: Edwinah Atusingwize, Sarah Lewis, Tessa LangleyAbstract:BACKGROUND: International evidence shows that Mass media campaigns are effective tobacco Control interventions. However, they require substantial investment; a key question is whether their costs are justified by their benefits. The aim of this study was to systematically and comprehensively review economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns. METHODS: An electronic search of databases and grey literature was conducted to identify all published economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns. The authors reviewed studies independently and assessed the quality of studies using the Drummond 10-point checklist. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the key features and quality of the identified studies. RESULTS: 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All the studies included a cost effectiveness analysis, a cost utility analysis or both. The methods were highly heterogeneous, particularly in terms of the types of costs included. On the whole, studies were well conducted, but the interventions were often poorly described in terms of campaign content and intensity, and cost information was frequently inadequate. All studies concluded that tobacco Control Mass media campaigns are a cost effective public health intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on the cost effectiveness of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns is limited, but of acceptable quality and consistently suggests that they offer good value for money.
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The 2010 freeze on Mass media campaigns in England: A natural experiment of the impact of tobacco Control campaigns
European Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Ruth Salway, Michelle SimsAbstract:Background In England, until 2010, tobacco Control Mass media campaigns were run regularly. In April of that year the government ceased spending on public health Mass media campaigns. We investigated the impact of the 18-month suspension of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns on a range of measures of smoking cessation behaviour. Methods We used quarterly data on attendance and 4-week quitters at National Health Service (NHS) Smoking Cessation Services (SSS) from 2001 to …
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Characterizing tobacco Control Mass media campaigns in England
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Robert West, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Michelle SimsAbstract:Aims To characterize publically funded tobacco Control campaigns in England between 2004 and 2010 and to explore if they were in line with recommendations from the literature in terms of their content and intensity. International evidence suggests that campaigns which warn of the negative consequences of smoking and feature testimonials from real-life smokers are most effective, and that four exposures per head per month are required to reduce smoking prevalence. Design Characterization of tobacco Control advertisements using a theoretically based framework designed to describe advertisement themes, informational and emotional content and style. Study of the intensity of advertising and exposure to different types of advertisement using data on population-level exposure to advertisements shown during the study period. Setting England. Measurements Television Ratings (TVRs), a standard measure of advertising exposure, were used to calculate exposure to each different campaign type. Findings A total of 89% of advertising was for smoking cessation; half of this advertising warned of the negative consequences of smoking, while half contained how-to-quit messages. Acted scenes featured in 72% of advertising, while only 17% featured real-life testimonials. Only 39% of months had at least four exposures to tobacco Control campaigns per head. Conclusions A theory-driven approach enabled a systematic characterization of tobacco Control advertisements in England. Between 2004 and 2010 only a small proportion of tobacco Control advertisements utilized the most effective strategies—negative health effects messages and testimonials from real-life smokers. The intensity of campaigns was lower than international recommendations.
Michelle Sims - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The 2010 freeze on Mass media campaigns in England: A natural experiment of the impact of tobacco Control campaigns
European Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Ruth Salway, Michelle SimsAbstract:Background In England, until 2010, tobacco Control Mass media campaigns were run regularly. In April of that year the government ceased spending on public health Mass media campaigns. We investigated the impact of the 18-month suspension of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns on a range of measures of smoking cessation behaviour. Methods We used quarterly data on attendance and 4-week quitters at National Health Service (NHS) Smoking Cessation Services (SSS) from 2001 to …
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Characterizing tobacco Control Mass media campaigns in England
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Robert West, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Michelle SimsAbstract:Aims To characterize publically funded tobacco Control campaigns in England between 2004 and 2010 and to explore if they were in line with recommendations from the literature in terms of their content and intensity. International evidence suggests that campaigns which warn of the negative consequences of smoking and feature testimonials from real-life smokers are most effective, and that four exposures per head per month are required to reduce smoking prevalence. Design Characterization of tobacco Control advertisements using a theoretically based framework designed to describe advertisement themes, informational and emotional content and style. Study of the intensity of advertising and exposure to different types of advertisement using data on population-level exposure to advertisements shown during the study period. Setting England. Measurements Television Ratings (TVRs), a standard measure of advertising exposure, were used to calculate exposure to each different campaign type. Findings A total of 89% of advertising was for smoking cessation; half of this advertising warned of the negative consequences of smoking, while half contained how-to-quit messages. Acted scenes featured in 72% of advertising, while only 17% featured real-life testimonials. Only 39% of months had at least four exposures to tobacco Control campaigns per head. Conclusions A theory-driven approach enabled a systematic characterization of tobacco Control advertisements in England. Between 2004 and 2010 only a small proportion of tobacco Control advertisements utilized the most effective strategies—negative health effects messages and testimonials from real-life smokers. The intensity of campaigns was lower than international recommendations.
Sarah Lewis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns: a systematic review
Tobacco control, 2014Co-Authors: Edwinah Atusingwize, Sarah Lewis, Tessa LangleyAbstract:BACKGROUND: International evidence shows that Mass media campaigns are effective tobacco Control interventions. However, they require substantial investment; a key question is whether their costs are justified by their benefits. The aim of this study was to systematically and comprehensively review economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns. METHODS: An electronic search of databases and grey literature was conducted to identify all published economic evaluations of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns. The authors reviewed studies independently and assessed the quality of studies using the Drummond 10-point checklist. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the key features and quality of the identified studies. RESULTS: 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All the studies included a cost effectiveness analysis, a cost utility analysis or both. The methods were highly heterogeneous, particularly in terms of the types of costs included. On the whole, studies were well conducted, but the interventions were often poorly described in terms of campaign content and intensity, and cost information was frequently inadequate. All studies concluded that tobacco Control Mass media campaigns are a cost effective public health intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence on the cost effectiveness of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns is limited, but of acceptable quality and consistently suggests that they offer good value for money.
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The 2010 freeze on Mass media campaigns in England: A natural experiment of the impact of tobacco Control campaigns
European Journal of Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Ruth Salway, Michelle SimsAbstract:Background In England, until 2010, tobacco Control Mass media campaigns were run regularly. In April of that year the government ceased spending on public health Mass media campaigns. We investigated the impact of the 18-month suspension of tobacco Control Mass media campaigns on a range of measures of smoking cessation behaviour. Methods We used quarterly data on attendance and 4-week quitters at National Health Service (NHS) Smoking Cessation Services (SSS) from 2001 to …
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Characterizing tobacco Control Mass media campaigns in England
Addiction (Abingdon England), 2013Co-Authors: Tessa Langley, Sarah Lewis, Robert West, Ann Mcneill, Anna Gilmore, Lisa Szatkowski, Michelle SimsAbstract:Aims To characterize publically funded tobacco Control campaigns in England between 2004 and 2010 and to explore if they were in line with recommendations from the literature in terms of their content and intensity. International evidence suggests that campaigns which warn of the negative consequences of smoking and feature testimonials from real-life smokers are most effective, and that four exposures per head per month are required to reduce smoking prevalence. Design Characterization of tobacco Control advertisements using a theoretically based framework designed to describe advertisement themes, informational and emotional content and style. Study of the intensity of advertising and exposure to different types of advertisement using data on population-level exposure to advertisements shown during the study period. Setting England. Measurements Television Ratings (TVRs), a standard measure of advertising exposure, were used to calculate exposure to each different campaign type. Findings A total of 89% of advertising was for smoking cessation; half of this advertising warned of the negative consequences of smoking, while half contained how-to-quit messages. Acted scenes featured in 72% of advertising, while only 17% featured real-life testimonials. Only 39% of months had at least four exposures to tobacco Control campaigns per head. Conclusions A theory-driven approach enabled a systematic characterization of tobacco Control advertisements in England. Between 2004 and 2010 only a small proportion of tobacco Control advertisements utilized the most effective strategies—negative health effects messages and testimonials from real-life smokers. The intensity of campaigns was lower than international recommendations.
Olugbenga Moses Anubi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A New Semiactive Variable Stiffness Suspension System Using Combined Skyhook and Nonlinear Energy Sink-Based Controllers
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Olugbenga Moses Anubi, Carl CraneAbstract:This paper presents the semiactive case of a variable stiffness suspension system. The central concept is based on a recently designed variable stiffness mechanism that consists of a horizontal strut and a vertical strut, both of which are semiactively Controlled by magnetorheological (MR) dampers. The vertical MR damper force is designed to track a skyhook damper force, while the horizontal strut is used is to vary the load transfer ratio by semiactively Controlling the location of the point of attachment of the vertical strut to the car body. The Control algorithm, effected by the horizontal MR damper, uses the concept of a nonlinear energy sink (NES) to effectively transfer the vibrational energy in the sprung Mass to a Control Mass, thereby reducing the transfer of energy from road disturbance to the car body. The analyses and simulation results show that a better performance can be achieved by subjecting the point of attachment of a suspension system, to the chassis, to the influence of a horizontal NES system.
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roll stabilisation of road vehicles using a variable stiffness suspension system
Vehicle System Dynamics, 2013Co-Authors: Olugbenga Moses Anubi, Carl D CraneAbstract:A variable stiffness architecture is used in the suspension system to counteract the body roll moment, thereby enhancing the roll stability of the vehicle. The variation of stiffness concept uses the ‘reciprocal actuation’ to effectively transfer energy between a vertical traditional strut and a horizontal oscillating Control Mass, thereby improving the energy dissipation of the overall suspension. The lateral dynamics of the system is developed using a bicycle model. The accompanying roll dynamics are also developed and validated using experimental data. The positions of the left and right Control Masses are sequentially allocated to reduce the effective body roll and roll rate. Simulation results show that the resulting variable stiffness suspension system has more than 50% improvement in roll response over the traditional constant stiffness counterparts. The simulation scenarios examined is the fishhook manoeuvre.
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vehicle roll stabilization enhancement using a variable stiffness architecture kinematic Control
Volume 3: Nonlinear Estimation and Control; Optimization and Optimal Control; Piezoelectric Actuation and Nanoscale Control; Robotics and Manipulators, 2013Co-Authors: Olugbenga Moses Anubi, Carl D CraneAbstract:A variable stiffness architecture is used in the suspension system to counteract the body roll moment, thereby enhancing the roll stability of the vehicle. The variation of stiffness concept uses the “reciprocal actuation” to effectively transfer energy between a vertical traditional strut and a horizontal oscillating Control Mass, thereby improving the energy dissipation of the overall suspension. The lateral dynamics of the system is developed using a bicycle model. The accompanying roll dynamics are also developed and validated using experimental data. The positions of the left and right Control Masses are optimally allocated to reduce the effective body roll and roll rate. Simulation results show that the resulting variable stiffness suspension system has more than 50% improvement in roll response over the traditional constant stiffness counterparts. The simulation scenarios examined is the fishhook maneuver.© 2013 ASME
Jamie Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Associations between tobacco Control Mass media campaign expenditure and smoking prevalence and quitting in England: a time series analysis
Tobacco control, 2017Co-Authors: Mirte A. G. Kuipers, Emma Beard, Robert West, Jamie BrownAbstract:Background It has been established that Mass media campaigns can increase smoking cessation rates, but there is little direct evidence estimating associations between government expenditure on tobacco Control Mass media campaigns and smoking cessation. This study assessed the association over 8 years between Mass media expenditure in England and quit attempts, smoking cessation and smoking prevalence. Methods Autoregressive integrated moving average modelling with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) was applied to monthly estimates from the Smoking Toolkit Study between June 2008 and February 2016. We assessed the association between the trends in Mass media expenditure and (1) quit attempts in the last two months, (2) quit success among those who attempted to quit and (3) smoking prevalence. Analyses were adjusted for trends in weekly spending on tobacco by smokers, tobacco Control policies and the use of established aids to cessation. Results Monthly spending on Mass media campaigns ranged from nothing to £2.4 million, with a mean of £465 054. An increase in Mass media expenditure of 10% of the monthly average was associated with a 0.51% increase (of the average) in success rates of quit attempts (95% CI 0.10% to 0.91%, p=0.014). No clear association was detected between changes in Mass media expenditure and changes in quit attempt prevalence (β=–0.03, 95% CI –2.05% to 2.00%, p=0.979) or smoking prevalence (β=–0.03, 95% CI –0.09% to 0.03%, p=0.299). Conclusion Between 2008 and 2016, higher monthly expenditure on tobacco Control Mass media campaigns in England was associated with higher quit success rates.