The Experts below are selected from a list of 108 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Peter Mistretta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integrating SCADA, Load Shedding, and High-Speed Controls on an Ethernet Network at a North American Refinery
    IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aboli Kulkarni, James Payne, Peter Mistretta
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the implementation of an Ethernet communications network in a ring that connects substations in a closed communications loop at a large industrial facility. Data are transmitted at protection speeds and must be dependable for industrial power system operation and maintenance applications. The redundant electric power system Ethernet communications network is used for a supervisory Control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that automates industrial electric power system operations. Within individual substations and between substations, communications based on IEC 61850 protocols eliminate copper Control Wiring, which results in reduced cost, construction time, commissioning time, and Wiring errors and makes future upgrades simpler. A fast load-shedding system uses the same communications network to stabilize system frequency in response to a loss of generation by detecting the events that lead to a power deficit and automatically responding by shedding load to balance generation and load in less than 40 ms. This paper focuses on integrating three major electrical Control systems at a refinery onto one Ethernet network: a SCADA system for Controlling and monitoring operations, a peer-to-peer high-speed communications-assisted protection scheme, and a fast load-shedding system.

  • integrating scada load shedding and high speed Controls on an ethernet network at a north american refinery
    Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, 2013
    Co-Authors: Aboli Kulkarni, James Payne, Peter Mistretta
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the implementation of an Ethernet communications network in a ring that connects substations in a closed communications loop at a large industrial facility. Data are transmitted at protection speeds and must be dependable for industrial power system operation and maintenance applications. The redundant electric power system Ethernet communications network is used for a supervisory Control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that automates industrial electric power system operations. Within individual substations as well as between substations, communications based on IEC 61850 protocols eliminate copper Control Wiring, which results in reduced cost, construction time, commissioning time, and Wiring errors and makes future upgrades simpler. A fast load-shedding system uses the same communications network to stabilize system frequency in response to a loss of generation by detecting the events that lead to a power deficit and automatically responding by shedding load to balance generation and load in less than 40 milliseconds. This paper focuses on integrating three major electrical Control systems at a refinery onto one Ethernet network: a SCADA system for Controlling and monitoring operations, a peer-to-peer high-speed communications-assisted protection scheme, and a fast load-shedding system.

T.m. Salas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transient electromagnetic interference in substations
    IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, F.s. Nickel, T.m. Salas, S.e. Wright
    Abstract:

    Electromagnetic interference levels on sensitive electronic equipment are quantified experimentally and theoretically in air and gas insulated substations of different voltages. Measurement techniques for recording interference voltages and currents and electric and magnetic fields are reviewed and actual interference data are summarized. Conducted and radiated interference coupling mechanisms and levels in substation Control Wiring are described using both measurement results and electromagnetic models validated against measurements. The nominal maximum field and Control wire interference levels expected in the switchyard and inside the Control house from switching operations, faults, and an average lightning strike are estimated using high frequency transient coupling models. Comparisons with standards are made and recommendations given concerning equipment shielding and surge protection.

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth's atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessed formore » a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations. Final report
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth`s atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T & D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessedmore » for a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less

C.m. Wiggins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transient electromagnetic interference in substations
    IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, F.s. Nickel, T.m. Salas, S.e. Wright
    Abstract:

    Electromagnetic interference levels on sensitive electronic equipment are quantified experimentally and theoretically in air and gas insulated substations of different voltages. Measurement techniques for recording interference voltages and currents and electric and magnetic fields are reviewed and actual interference data are summarized. Conducted and radiated interference coupling mechanisms and levels in substation Control Wiring are described using both measurement results and electromagnetic models validated against measurements. The nominal maximum field and Control wire interference levels expected in the switchyard and inside the Control house from switching operations, faults, and an average lightning strike are estimated using high frequency transient coupling models. Comparisons with standards are made and recommendations given concerning equipment shielding and surge protection.

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth's atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessed formore » a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations. Final report
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth`s atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T & D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessedmore » for a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less

Aboli Kulkarni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integrating SCADA, Load Shedding, and High-Speed Controls on an Ethernet Network at a North American Refinery
    IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2015
    Co-Authors: Aboli Kulkarni, James Payne, Peter Mistretta
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the implementation of an Ethernet communications network in a ring that connects substations in a closed communications loop at a large industrial facility. Data are transmitted at protection speeds and must be dependable for industrial power system operation and maintenance applications. The redundant electric power system Ethernet communications network is used for a supervisory Control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that automates industrial electric power system operations. Within individual substations and between substations, communications based on IEC 61850 protocols eliminate copper Control Wiring, which results in reduced cost, construction time, commissioning time, and Wiring errors and makes future upgrades simpler. A fast load-shedding system uses the same communications network to stabilize system frequency in response to a loss of generation by detecting the events that lead to a power deficit and automatically responding by shedding load to balance generation and load in less than 40 ms. This paper focuses on integrating three major electrical Control systems at a refinery onto one Ethernet network: a SCADA system for Controlling and monitoring operations, a peer-to-peer high-speed communications-assisted protection scheme, and a fast load-shedding system.

  • integrating scada load shedding and high speed Controls on an ethernet network at a north american refinery
    Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, 2013
    Co-Authors: Aboli Kulkarni, James Payne, Peter Mistretta
    Abstract:

    This paper discusses the implementation of an Ethernet communications network in a ring that connects substations in a closed communications loop at a large industrial facility. Data are transmitted at protection speeds and must be dependable for industrial power system operation and maintenance applications. The redundant electric power system Ethernet communications network is used for a supervisory Control and data acquisition (SCADA) system that automates industrial electric power system operations. Within individual substations as well as between substations, communications based on IEC 61850 protocols eliminate copper Control Wiring, which results in reduced cost, construction time, commissioning time, and Wiring errors and makes future upgrades simpler. A fast load-shedding system uses the same communications network to stabilize system frequency in response to a loss of generation by detecting the events that lead to a power deficit and automatically responding by shedding load to balance generation and load in less than 40 milliseconds. This paper focuses on integrating three major electrical Control systems at a refinery onto one Ethernet network: a SCADA system for Controlling and monitoring operations, a peer-to-peer high-speed communications-assisted protection scheme, and a fast load-shedding system.

D.e. Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Transient electromagnetic interference in substations
    IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1994
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, F.s. Nickel, T.m. Salas, S.e. Wright
    Abstract:

    Electromagnetic interference levels on sensitive electronic equipment are quantified experimentally and theoretically in air and gas insulated substations of different voltages. Measurement techniques for recording interference voltages and currents and electric and magnetic fields are reviewed and actual interference data are summarized. Conducted and radiated interference coupling mechanisms and levels in substation Control Wiring are described using both measurement results and electromagnetic models validated against measurements. The nominal maximum field and Control wire interference levels expected in the switchyard and inside the Control house from switching operations, faults, and an average lightning strike are estimated using high frequency transient coupling models. Comparisons with standards are made and recommendations given concerning equipment shielding and surge protection.

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth's atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessed formore » a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less

  • HEMP-induced transients in electric power substations. Final report
    1992
    Co-Authors: C.m. Wiggins, D.e. Thomas, T.m. Salas
    Abstract:

    A nuclear detonation in or above the earth`s atmosphere produces an intense electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A large portion of the EMP electromagnetic energy is within the RF spectrum. A detonation at high altitudes above 40 km produces an EMP called high-altitude EMP (HEMP). HEMP is a steep-front short duration transient with a rise time on the order of a few nanoseconds which decays to near zero in less than a microsecond. A single high-altitude burst can subject much of the continental United States to intense HEMP electric fields on the order of tens of kilovolts per meter. The intense transient HEMP will induce fast transients in high-voltage transmission lines and bus structures, instrumentation cables, and Control wires in power transmission and distribution (T & D) substations. A system of traveling wave coupling models for a 500 kV substation, including models for the high voltage primary bus, components (circuit breakers, disconnect switches, power transformers, and current and voltage instrument transformers), low voltage Control Wiring circuits, and a number of conducted and radiated interference coupling modes, had been developed earlier by EPRI. These EPRI served as the baseline for the present HEMP coupling investigations. The HEMP effects on protective relays were assessedmore » for a nominal HEMP environment using several new field coupling models merged with the switching transient data. It is found that a representative solid state relay is unlikely to be damaged or to misoperate by the nominal HEMP threat with a peak field strength of 50 kV/m. However, it is possible for both DC Control wires to flash over to ground simultaneously, causing fuses to blow and placing the relay in an inoperative state.« less