The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Azamal Husen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rejuvenation and Adventitious Rooting in Coppice-Shoot Cuttings of Tectona grandis as Affected by Stock-Plant Etiolation
American Journal of Plant Sciences, 2011Co-Authors: Azamal HusenAbstract:The effect of stock-plant etiolation on adventitious rooting of single-node leafy cuttings (SNCs) made from Coppice shoots from different age groups of donor plants were investigated for teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.). When donor plants age were 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old, they were Coppiced and maintained in the dark for etiolation, while a parallel set was kept in normal light in an open environment. After 20 days, Coppice shoots were made into SNCs which were cultured under intermittent mist for rooting. Stock-plant etiolation significantly increased percent rooting, shoot and root length, and number of roots per SNC, but callusing at the base of SNCs decreased. Etiolated SNCs have shown 71.7% rooting, whereas for controls (non-etiolated), the response was 41.7%. The effect of aging on callusing, rooting and sprouting of etiolated and non-etiolated Coppice shoots cuttings varied widely. Aging of donor plants decreased rooting and sprouting capability in SNCs and increased callusing at the base of etiolated cuttings. The results showed that stock-plant etiolation in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old donor plants hastened rooting potential by rejuvenation of Coppice shoots.
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Stock-plant etiolation causes drifts in total soluble sugars and anthraquinones, and promotes adventitious root formation in teak (Tectona grandis L. f.) Coppice shoots
Plant Growth Regulation, 2008Co-Authors: Azamal HusenAbstract:The effects of stock-plant etiolation on Coppice-shoot growth, drifts in total soluble sugars and anthraquinones (AQs; C_14H_8O_2), and rooting potentiality of shoot cuttings were examined in Tectona grandis L. f. (clone FG1). When seedlings were one-year-old, they were Coppiced and maintained in the dark for etiolation, with a parallel set kept under natural light in an open environment. Coppice shoots were made into single-node leafy cuttings (SNCs), which were cultured under intermittent mist for rooting. These SNCs were treated with different concentrations of NAA (0, 2000 and 3000 mg l^−1). Etiolation significantly increased the Coppice-shoot length, internode length, number of Coppice shoots, number of leaves, number of nodes and total soluble sugars. The HPTLC analysis showed qualitative and quantitative differences in AQs in Coppice shoots obtained from etiolated and non-etiolated stock plants. The study showed that AQs could be used as a marker for maturity and juvenility in teak. Stock-plant etiolation caused a significant increase in percent rooting and sprouting, shoot length, number of shoots and number of leaves per SNC, but a decrease in callusing at the base of the SNC. NAA at 2000 and 3000 mg l^−1 had inhibitory effects on rooting and sprouting of SNCs. The result showed that stock-plant etiolation fostered rooting by rejuvenating the Coppice shoots.
Jyrki Hytonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stump diameter and age affect coppicing of downy birch betula pubescens ehrh
European Journal of Forest Research, 2019Co-Authors: Jyrki HytonenAbstract:Downy birch is a primary successional tree species colonizing open areas and thriving on peatlands. Short-rotation Coppice management in natural, dense, downy birch stands could be one management option. The effect of stump diameter, stump height and stand age on the sprouting of downy birch was studied by clear-cutting six stands from three age classes (A: 10–12 years, B: 15–16 years, C: 22–24 years) located in northern Finland and measuring the sprouts in the following autumn. The percentage of non-sprouting stumps increased with the stand age (A: 9%, B: 14%, C: 27%). The smallest ( 9 cm) stumps showed higher mortality than medium-sized stumps. Sprouts originated close to the ground level: over 50% were located below 2 cm from the ground level. An increase in the diameter of stumps led to higher numbers of sprouts produced per stump, and higher mean, dominant and cumulative height of sprouts per stump and higher biomass of sprouts per stump. The effect of the diameter on the growth of sprouts depended on the stand age. In the same diameter class, the mean height, dominant height and biomass per stump were higher the younger the stand was. The biomass per stump correlated best with the total height of the sprouts on a stump. The results have implications for strategies in controlling sprouting in coniferous stands and for stand management practices when the aim is to grow downy birch Coppices.
Pavel Sebek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of coppicing on insect biodiversity small scale mosaics of successional stages drive community turnover
Forest Ecology and Management, 2021Co-Authors: Matthias Weiss, Petr Kozel, Michal Zapletal, David Hauck, Jiri Prochazka, Jiri Benes, Lukas Cizek, Pavel SebekAbstract:Abstract Most European temperate woodlands are managed as high forests by clear-cutting or selective cutting. Such forests are shady environments, providing limited opportunities for light-demanding woodland associated organisms. Coppicing has been identified as a suitable tool for biodiversity conservation, because it leads to a spatially and temporally dynamic mosaic of open and closed-canopy successional stages. However, the number of studies on insects is still limited in this respect, and cross-taxon comparisons are needed. We analysed the effect of the successional stage of Coppice (time since last felling of Coppice layer) on butterflies, moths, and saproxylic beetles, in floodplain Coppice-with-standards woods dominated by oak (Quercus robur) and ash (Fraxinus angustifolia) in Lower Austria. We compared species richness, community composition, and life-history traits of the target groups among four stages of Coppice: (i) Freshly cut: stands in the first season after felling; (ii) Young Coppice: stands 3–7 years after felling; (iii) Mid-aged: advanced stage in 10–15 years after felling with dense undergrowth and high canopy closure; and (iv) Mature: latest stage of Coppice, 30–40 years old. We found differences in species richness of butterflies and moths among the stages. Butterfly richness peaked in young Coppice and was lowest in dense mid-aged stage. Moth richness was higher in late stages (mid-aged and mature) than in early ones (freshly cut and young). There was no effect on richness of saproxylic beetles. Species compositions of moths and beetles, however, differed among the stages, with the most pronounced difference between early and late stages. The successional stage affected composition of life-history traits of all study groups, showing that the particular stages are exploited by species with different functional/ecological associations to their habitat or by different trophic guilds. The results show that the diversity of all three target groups profited from coppicing. The small-scale mosaic of successional stages created by coppicing supports the existence of diversified communities of insects with both light-demanding and shade-tolerant species. Conservation managers may set variable rotation lengths in order to support threatened species associated with particular stages. In order to further support diversity of saproxylic beetles, conservation management should prioritize maintaining Coppice-with-standards woods over simple Coppices, some of the standards should be retained to become potential veteran trees in the future, Coppice stools should be kept relatively high, and some of the felled trees or larger branches may be left in place on the ground for decay.
Raffaele Spinelli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Techniques and productivity of Coppice harvesting operations in Europe: a meta-analysis of available data
Annals of Forest Science, 2016Co-Authors: Raffaele Spinelli, Emmanuel Cacot, Matevz Mihelic, Ljupco Nestorovski, Piotr S. Mederski, E. TolosanaAbstract:Coppice harvesting technology is evolving toward increased mechanization and larger more efficient equipment. Nevertheless, cheap and versatile general-purpose machines (excavators and farm tractors) still represent the backbone of Coppice mechanization, which is consistent with the rural character of Coppice economy. Operating within the scope of COST Action FP1301 “EuroCoppice”, the authors conducted a survey of Coppice harvesting studies produced in Europe from 1970 to present. The survey focused on traditional Coppice stands and excluded industrial short-rotation Coppice, established with willow, poplar, eucalyptus, or other fast-growing species. The goals of this study were to calculate productivity benchmarks for Coppice harvesting operations and to gauge the progress achieved over the past 40-plus years. Data from existing studies (published and unpublished) were collected through a harmonized questionnaire and gathered into a single master database. Statistical analysis was used to estimate productivity models and determine possible differences between methods, work conditions, and time periods. Six productivity models were estimated for the main harvesting steps and technologies. Productivity varied with a number of factors and notably with removal (m3 ha−1). The analysis disclosed a clear trend toward increased mechanization and higher productivity. Coppice harvesting is being mechanized, but the mechanization deployed in Coppice stands is adapted to the specific conditions offered by these stands. Light, cheap, and versatile machines are generally preferred to heavy industrial equipment.
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biomass production from traditional Coppice management in northern italy
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014Co-Authors: Raffaele Spinelli, Andrea Ebone, Marco GianellaAbstract:Abstract Traditional Coppice stands cover millions of hectares throughout Europe and offer large amounts of biomass. The study analyzed 10 commercial Coppice harvesting operations in northwestern Italy, where modern machines were deployed. Removals, prices, work, revenues and costs were carefully determined. Firewood was the main product, representing between 70% and 100% of the total product mass and value. Traditional Coppice stands often yield over 200 m3 of energy biomass per hectare, at the time of cut. Cable yarding operations were better organized than ground-based operations, which explained why they incurred the same harvesting cost, despite the more challenging site conditions under which they were deployed. Mean harvesting cost was 45 € m−3, of which about 10% was needed for felling, 70% for extraction and processing, and the remaining 20% for loading and transportation. All operations accrued some profit, which varied between 13 and 43 € m−3 or between 1600 and 8600 € ha−1, depending on operational efficiency, value recovery and stand yield.
Michal Kneifl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The sprouting ability of the main tree species in Central European Coppices: implications for Coppice restoration
European Journal of Forest Research, 2012Co-Authors: Radim Matula, Martin Svátek, Jana Kůrová, Luboš Úradníček, Jan Kadavý, Michal KneiflAbstract:Coppicing was widespread across Europe for many centuries, but during the last 150 years, it has been largely abandoned. Most of the former Coppices have been converted to high forest, especially in Central and northwestern Europe. Recently, there has been renewed interest in restoring Coppices in some regions, primarily for biomass production and nature conservation. However, there is limited information on the sprouting ability of European tree species, which is the key prerequisite for successful Coppice restoration. To address this gap, we evaluated the post-harvest stump sprouting of the three main species of Central European Coppices—sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl.), European hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) and small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)—in relation to the stump diameter and density of residual trees. Lime and hornbeam resprouted from stumps of all diameters, but sprouting ability declined with increasing stump diameter in sessile oak. Lime produced greater numbers of sprouts with greater diameters and heights than either oak or hornbeam. The number of sprouts per stump increased with stump diameter in all three species as did the height of lime and hornbeam sprouts, whereas there was no such effect on the height of oak sprouts. The sprouting of hornbeam and oak increased and decreased, respectively, with an increasing density of residual trees. In conclusion, our study shows that all of the studied species are able to resprout even at an old age and after a long period of neglect; however, there were important differences among the species. The results also indicate that the age of the parent trees at the time of cutting may significantly affect the tree species composition of a newly restored Coppice.