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Jaume Pujol Ramo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tear film stability assessment by Corneal Reflex image degradation publisher s note
    Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision, 2020
    Co-Authors: Mikel Aldaba, Alejandro Miraagudelo, John Fredy Barrera Ramirez, Carlos E Garciaguerra, Jaume Pujol Ramo
    Abstract:

    This publisher's note corrects the funding in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A36, B110 (2019).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.36.00B110.

  • tear film stability assessment by Corneal Reflex image degradation
    Journal of The Optical Society of America A-optics Image Science and Vision, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mikel Aldaba, Alejandro Miraagudelo, John Fredy Barrera Ramirez, Carlos E Garciaguerra, Jaume Pujol Ramo
    Abstract:

    Tear film stability assessment is one of the main tests in dry eye diagnosis. However, to date, no test methodology has been adopted as the gold standard due to several reasons, such as the methods being invasive, subjective, or unfeasible for the clinical environment. In this paper, a method that overcomes the above-mentioned limitations for tear film stability measurements is presented, and is based on the degradation of Corneal Reflex images caused by breakups. The experimental setup, which is based on recording the Corneal Reflex image or the first Purkinje image, is described, as well as the method used to determine tear film stability by means of the associated breakup time (BUT) using Corneal Reflex image degradation. Images obtained through simulations of the experimental setup are also shown. Moreover, BUT measurements performed using both the conventional fluorescein method and the proposed method in nine healthy adults are presented. Both the experimental and simulation images show Corneal Reflex image degradation due to the appearance of breakups in the tear film, highlighting the potential of the method to assess tear film stability. We have shown that the Corneal Reflex image degrades when the tear film breaks up and, thus, the proposed method can be used to assess tear film stability.

  • tear film stability assessment by Corneal Reflex image degradation
    VPO Athens 2018: programme and abstracts, 2018
    Co-Authors: Mikel Aldaba Arevalo, Alejandro Mira Agudelo, John Fredy Barrera, Carlos Enrique Garcia Guerra, Jaume Pujol Ramo
    Abstract:

    A method for tear film break up measurements based on the degradation of Corneal Reflex images caused by dry spots is presented. The experimental setup, which is based on recording the Corneal Reflex image or the first Purkinje image, is described, as well as the method used to determine tear film stability by means of the associated break up time using the Corneal Reflex image degradation. Images obtained through simulations of the experimental setup are also shown.

Jun Kimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • F wave, A wave, H Reflex, and blink Reflex.
    Handbook of clinical neurology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nivedita U. Jerath, Jun Kimura
    Abstract:

    Late responses include F waves, A waves, H Reflex, and the blink Reflex. These responses help enhance routine nerve conduction studies. Despite the use of F waves in multiple clinical applications, their studies can technically challenge even the most experienced electromyographers. They vary in latency, amplitude, and configuration, whereas A waves show no change in latency or morphology. Electrical stimulation of the supraorbital branch of the trigeminal nerve on one side results in a Reflexive activation of the facial nucleus causing contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscle, short latency R1 ipsilaterally, and long latency R2 bilaterally. F waves can help determine the presence of a polyneuropathy. A waves can reflect axonal damage. H Reflexes provide nerve conduction measurements along the entire length of the nerve, demonstrating abnormalities in neuropathies and radiculopathies. Abnormalities in the blink Reflex can suggest the presence of an acoustic neuroma or a demyelinating polyneuropathy, which can affect the cranial nerves. This Reflex, which also needs appropriate technical expertise, helps to assess cranial nerves V and VII along with their connections in the pons and medulla. The blink Reflex, the electrical version of the Corneal Reflex, represents a polysynaptic Reflex.

V.a. Hindle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Restraining and neck cutting or stunning and neck cutting of veal calves
    Meat Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: E. Lambooij, J.t.n. Van Der Werf, Henny Reimert, V.a. Hindle
    Abstract:

    Abstract Brain and heart activities were measured in 31 veal calves during restraining and rotating followed by neck cutting with or without stunning to evaluate welfare. After neck cutting Correlation Dimension analyses and %power of EEG beta wave fraction decreased gradually to lower values resulting in an induction of unconsciousness lasting on average 80 s. Corneal Reflex response ceased 135 ± 57 s after neck cutting. The CD scores and the %power of beta waves fell immediately after post-cut captive bolt and pre-cut electrical stunning to levels indicating unconsciousness. Heart rate in lairage increased upon entrance to the restrainer and again after rotation, heart rate variability decreased. Rotating the restrainer 90°, 120° or 180° compromised veal calf welfare and should be avoided. It is recommended to use post-cut captive bolt stunning or pre-cut electrical stunning inducing immediate unconsciousness.

Nader D. Nader - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Postoperative anisocoria in a patient undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery.
    Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 1999
    Co-Authors: David T.r. Stewart, George T. Simpson, Nader D. Nader
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective . Anisocoria after sinus surgery can be related to serious complications such as intraorbital hematoma or increased intracranial pressure secondary to an expanding hematoma. Case report . A 51-year-old man underwent endoscopic surgery of sinuses, and developed anisocoria; likely a result of the local spread of cocaine used to provide local anesthesia and vasoconstriction. The localized effect of this anesthetic agent produced a typical picture of nasociliary ganglion block that subsided in a few hours. In the results, the nasociliary nerve block was noticed on recovery from anesthesia with no other neurologic deficit. Ophthalmologic examination demonstrated a short-lasting anisocoria with loss of accommodation and sensory block over the tip of the nose. Conclusion . The central spread of the local anesthetics should be considered as a differential diagnosis of unexplained anisocoria, especially when it is associated with loss of Corneal Reflex.

Carolina B Maciel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Corneal Reflex testing in the evaluation of a comatose patient an ode to precise semiology and examination skills
    Neurocritical Care, 2020
    Co-Authors: Carolina B Maciel, Teddy S Youn, Mary M Barden, Monica B Dhakar, Sonya E Zhou, Octavio M Pontesneto, Gisele Sampaio Silva
    Abstract:

    The Corneal Reflex assesses the integrity of the trigeminal and facial cranial nerves. This brainstem Reflex is fundamental in neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest and in brain death determination. We sought to investigate Corneal Reflex testing methods among neurologists and general critical care providers in the context of neuroprognostication following cardiac arrest. This is an international cross-sectional study disseminated to members of the Neurocritical Care Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and American Academy of Neurology. We utilized an open Web-based survey (Qualtrics®, Provo, UT, USA) to disseminate 26 questions regarding neuroprognostication practices following cardiac arrest, in which 3 questions pertained to Corneal Reflex testing. Descriptive statistical measures were used, and subgroup analyses performed between neurologists and non-neurologists. Questions were not mandatory; therefore, the percentages were relative to the number of respondents for each question. There were 959 respondents in total. Physicians comprised 85.1% of practitioners (762 out of 895), of which 55% (419) identified themselves as non-neurologists and 45% (343) as neurologists. Among physicians, 85.9% (608 out of 708) deemed Corneal Reflex relevant for prognostication following cardiac arrest (neurologists 84.4% versus non-neurologists 87.0%). A variety of techniques were employed for Corneal Reflex testing, the most common being “light cotton touch” (59.2%), followed by “cotton-tipped applicator with pressure” (23.9%), “saline or water squirt” (15.9%), and “puff of air” (1.0%). There were no significant differences in the methods for testing between neurologists and non-neurologists (p = 0.52). The location of stimulus application was variable, and 26.1% of physicians (148/567) apply the stimulus on the temporal conjunctiva rather than on the cornea itself. Corneal Reflex testing remains a cornerstone of the coma exam and is commonly used in neuroprognostication of unconscious cardiac arrest survivors and in brain death determination. A wide variability of techniques is noted among practitioners, including some that may provide suboptimal stimulation of Corneal nerve endings. Imprecise testing in this setting may lead to inaccuracies in critical settings, which carries significant consequences such as guiding decisions of care limitations, misdiagnosis of brain death, and loss of public trust.