The Experts below are selected from a list of 255 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elvira Albert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Certified Abstract Cost Analysis
Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Reiner Hähnle, Alicia Merayo, Dominic SteinhöfelAbstract:AbstractA program containing placeholders for unspecified statements or expressions is called an abstract (or schematic) program. Placeholder symbols occur naturally in program transformation rules, as used in refactoring, compilation, optimization, or parallelization. We present a generalization of automated Cost Analysis that can handle abstract programs and, hence, can analyze the impact on the Cost of program transformations. This kind of relational property requires provably precise Cost bounds which are not always produced by Cost Analysis. Therefore, we certify by deductive verification that the inferred abstract Cost bounds are correct and sufficiently precise. It is the first approach solving this problem. Both, abstract Cost Analysis and certification, are based on quantitative abstract execution (QAE) which in turn is a variation of abstract execution, a recently developed symbolic execution technique for abstract programs. To realize QAE the new concept of a Cost invariant is introduced. QAE is implemented and runs fully automatically on a benchmark set consisting of representative optimization rules.
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Parallel Cost Analysis
ACM Transactions on Computational Logic, 2018Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Jesús Correas, Einar Broch Johnsen, Ka I Pun, Guillermo Román-díezAbstract:This article presents parallel Cost Analysis, a static Cost Analysis targeting to over-approximate the Cost of parallel execution in distributed systems. In contrast to the standard notion of serial Cost, parallel Cost captures the Cost of synchronized tasks executing in parallel by exploiting the true concurrency available in the execution model of distributed processing. True concurrency is challenging for static Cost Analysis, because the parallelism between tasks needs to be soundly inferred, and the waiting and idle processor times at the different locations need to be accounted for. Parallel Cost Analysis works in three phases: (1) it performs a block-level Analysis to estimate the serial Costs of the blocks between synchronization points in the program; (2) it then constructs a distributed flow graph (DFG) to capture the parallelism, the waiting, and idle times at the locations of the distributed system; and (3) the parallel Cost can finally be obtained as the path of maximal Cost in the DFG. We prove the correctness of the proposed parallel Cost Analysis, and provide a prototype implementation to perform an experimental evaluation of the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed Analysis.
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Object-sensitive Cost Analysis for concurrent objects
Software Testing Verification and Reliability, 2015Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Jesús Correas, Miguel Gómez-zamalloa, Guillermo Román-díezAbstract:This article presents a novel Cost Analysis framework for concurrent objects. Concurrent objects form a well-established model for distributed concurrent systems. In this model, objects are the concurrency units that communicate among them via asynchronous method calls. Cost Analysis aims at automatically approximating the resource consumption of executing a program in terms of its input parameters. While Cost Analysis for sequential programming languages has received considerable attention, concurrency and distribution have been notably less studied. The main challenges of Cost Analysis in a concurrent setting are as follows. First, inferring precise size abstractions for data in the program in the presence of shared memory. This information is essential for bounding the number of iterations of loops. Second, distribution suggests that Analysis must infer the Cost of the diverse distributed components separately. We handle this by means of a novel form of object-sensitive recurrence equations that use Cost centres in order to keep the resource usage assigned to the different components separate. We have implemented our Analysis and evaluated it on several small applications that are classical examples of concurrent and distributed programming. Copyright © 2015John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Cost Analysis of object oriented bytecode programs
Theoretical Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Damiano ZanardiniAbstract:Cost Analysis statically approximates the Cost of programs in terms of their input data size. This paper presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first approach to the automatic Cost Analysis of object-oriented bytecode programs. In languages such as Java and C#, analyzing bytecode has a much wider application area than analyzing source code since the latter is often not available. Cost Analysis in this context has to consider, among others, dynamic dispatch, jumps, the operand stack, and the heap. Our method takes a bytecode program and a Cost model specifying the resource of interest, and generates Cost relations which approximate the execution Cost of the program with respect to such resource. We report on CostA, an implementation for Java bytecode which can obtain upper bounds on Cost for a large class of programs and complexity classes. Our basic techniques can be directly applied to infer Cost relations for other object-oriented imperative languages, not necessarily in bytecode form.
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APLAS - Cost Analysis of concurrent OO programs
Programming Languages and Systems, 2011Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, Miguel Gómez-zamalloa, German PueblaAbstract:Cost Analysis aims at automatically approximating the resource consumption (e.g., memory) of executing a program in terms of its input parameters. While Cost Analysis for sequential programming languages has received considerable attention, concurrency and distribution have been notably less studied. The main challenges (and our contributions) of Cost Analysis in a concurrent setting are: (1) Inferring precise size relations for data in the program in the presence of shared memory. This information is essential for bounding the number of iterations of loops. (2) Distribution suggests that Analysis must keep the Cost of the diverse distributed components separate. We handle this by means of a novel form of recurrence equations which are parametric on the notion of Cost center, which represents a corresponding component. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first one to present a general Cost Analysis framework and an implementation for concurrent OO programs.
Damiano Zanardini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cost Analysis of object oriented bytecode programs
Theoretical Computer Science, 2012Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Damiano ZanardiniAbstract:Cost Analysis statically approximates the Cost of programs in terms of their input data size. This paper presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first approach to the automatic Cost Analysis of object-oriented bytecode programs. In languages such as Java and C#, analyzing bytecode has a much wider application area than analyzing source code since the latter is often not available. Cost Analysis in this context has to consider, among others, dynamic dispatch, jumps, the operand stack, and the heap. Our method takes a bytecode program and a Cost model specifying the resource of interest, and generates Cost relations which approximate the execution Cost of the program with respect to such resource. We report on CostA, an implementation for Java bytecode which can obtain upper bounds on Cost for a large class of programs and complexity classes. Our basic techniques can be directly applied to infer Cost relations for other object-oriented imperative languages, not necessarily in bytecode form.
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Cost Analysis of java bytecode
European Symposium on Programming, 2007Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Damiano ZanardiniAbstract:Cost Analysis of Java bytecode is complicated by its unstructured control flow, the use of an operand stack and its object-oriented programming features (like dynamic dispatching). This paper addresses these problems and develops a generic framework for the automatic Cost Analysis of sequential Java bytecode. Our method generates Cost relations which define at compile-time the Cost of programs as a function of their input data size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to the automatic Cost Analysis of Java bytecode.
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ESOP - Cost Analysis of java bytecode
Programming Languages and Systems, 2007Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Damiano ZanardiniAbstract:Cost Analysis of Java bytecode is complicated by its unstructured control flow, the use of an operand stack and its object-oriented programming features (like dynamic dispatching). This paper addresses these problems and develops a generic framework for the automatic Cost Analysis of sequential Java bytecode. Our method generates Cost relations which define at compile-time the Cost of programs as a function of their input data size. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first approach to the automatic Cost Analysis of Java bytecode.
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Experiments in Cost Analysis of Java Bytecode
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, 2007Co-Authors: Elvira Albert, Samir Genaim, Puri Arenas, German Puebla, Damiano ZanardiniAbstract:Recently, we proposed a general framework for the Cost Analysis of Java bytecode which can be used for measuring resource usage. This Analysis generates, at compile-time, Cost relations which define the Cost of programs as a function of their input data size. The purpose of this paper is to assess the practicality of such Cost Analysis by experimentally evaluating a prototype analyzer implemented in Ciao. With this aim, we approximate the computational complexity of a set of selected benchmarks, including both well-known algorithms which have been used to evaluate existing Cost analyzers in other programming paradigms, and other benchmarks which illustrate object-oriented features. In our evaluation, we first study whether the generated Cost relations can be automatically solved. Our experiments show that in some cases the inferred Cost relations can be automatically solved by using the Mathematica system, whereas, in other cases, some prior manipulation is required for the equations to be solvable. Moreover, we experimentally evaluated the running time of the different phases of the Analysis process. Overall, we believe our experiments show that the efficiency of our Cost Analysis is acceptable, and that the obtained Cost relations are useful in practice since, at least in our experiments, it is possible to get a closed form solution.
Falconer Mitchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Applying functional Cost Analysis in a manufacturing environment
International Journal of Production Economics, 1994Co-Authors: Takeo Yoshikawa, John Innes, Falconer MitchellAbstract:Abstract Value engineering is a technique initially developed in the West and widely employed by engineers to enhance product design. It has been further developed largely through the involvement, in Japan, of Cost engineers. Most large Japanese manufacturers use it as an important element in their Cost reduction and Cost management policies. They employ it as a team activity to encourage the interaction and contribution of a range of disciplines. Accountants participate in these teams and provide a major input to the functional Analysis of value engineering, and this has been termed “functional Cost Analysis” by the authors. This paper explores the nature and impact of functional Cost Analysis as it is used in value engineering. The first half of the paper is concerned with the more conventional application of functional Cost Analysis to individual products. This illustrates how and why the functions rather than the parts or resource inputs to a product can provide a valuable focus for Costing activity. Functional Cost Analysis is examined within the context of different stages in the product life cycle and the application of Cost management policies including competitive Analysis, benchmarking and target Costing. The second half of the paper examines an extension of the functional Cost Analysis approach from products to areas of manufacturing overhead Costs and this includes drawing upon activity-based Costing information. This involves the application of functional Cost Analysis methodology to business processes such as procurement, ordering, quality control and production scheduling. These are analysed and Costed in terms of the functional service required by the “customers” of each business process. It thus provides a structured way of bringing visibility to many overhead areas in a manner which facilitates not only Cost reduction but also incremental investment. Functional Cost Analysis allows Cost information to be presented in a way which can reflect not only the technical capabilities of the firm but also the viewpoint of its customers. It also draws on the range of skills possessed by a variety of staff which can contribute to the Cost management effort. These strengths have resulted in functional Cost Analysis becoming a highly effective and widely used technique for Cost management.
Richard O. Zerbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Principles and Standards for Benefit-Cost Analysis
2013Co-Authors: Scott Farrow, Richard O. ZerbeAbstract:Contents: Introduction Professionalizing Benefit - Cost Analysis R. Scott Farrow and Richard O. Zerbe, Jr. Principles for Benefit - Cost Analysis 1. An Assessment of Important Issues Concerning the Application of Benefit - Cost Analysis to Social Policy Aidan R. Vining and David L. Weimer 2. Toward Standardization of Benefit - Cost Analysis of Early Childhood Interventions Lynn A. Karoly 3. Principles and Standards for Benefit - Cost Analysis of Public Health Preparedness and Pandemic Mitigation Programs Joseph H. Cook 4. Principles and Standards for the Benefit - Cost Analysis of Crime John R. Lott, Jr. 5. Towards Principles and Standards for the Benefit - Cost Analysis of Safety Scott Farrow and W. Kip Viscusi 6. Developing General Equilibrium Benefit Analyses for Social Programs: An Introduction and Example H. Allen Klaiber and V. Kerry Smith 7. Appropriate Discounting for Benefit - Cost Analysis David F. Burgess and Richard O. Zerbe, Jr. 8. Ethical Benefit Cost Analysis as Art and Science - Ten Rules for Benefit - Cost Analysis Richard O. Zerbe, Jr. 9. Incorporating Distributional Issues into Benefit Cost Analysis: Why, How, and Two Empirical Examples Using Non-market Valuation John B. Loomis 10. Behavioral Economics and the Conduct of Benefit - Cost Analysis: Towards Principles and Standards Lisa A. Robinson and James K. Hammitt Conclusion 11. Principles and Standards for Benefit - Cost Analysis Richard O. Zerbe, Jr., Tayler Blake Davis, Nancy Garland and Tyler Scott
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Ethical benefit–Cost Analysis as art and science: ten rules for benefit–Cost Analysis
2013Co-Authors: Richard O. ZerbeAbstract:Benefit–Cost Analysis informs which policies or programs most benefit society when implemented by governments and institutions around the world. This volume brings together leading researchers and practitioners to recommend strategies and standards to improve the consistency and credibility of such analyses, assisting analysts of all types in achieving a greater uniformity of practice.
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appropriate discounting for benefit Cost Analysis
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: David F Burgess, Richard O. ZerbeAbstract:Benefit–Cost Analysis informs which policies or programs most benefit society when implemented by governments and institutions around the world. This volume brings together leading researchers and practitioners to recommend strategies and standards to improve the consistency and credibility of such analyses, assisting analysts of all types in achieving a greater uniformity of practice.
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Benefit–Cost Analysis
Research Papers in Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Richard O. ZerbeAbstract:Benefit–Cost Analysis is at heart a subject of practicality and usefulness. With this in mind, the editor has chosen the most relevant previously published articles for these volumes. Having explored the theoretical and ethical underpinnings of the subject, the book then addresses some major policy issues and debates. These include the institutional arrangements through which benefit–Cost analyses would be most useful to the policy and decision process, the need for a set of principles and standards to unify benefit–Cost Analysis methods, the use of general equilibrium Analysis and the proper treatment of uncertainty and risk.
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Applied Benefit–Cost Analysis
Research Papers in Economics, 2008Co-Authors: Andrew Schmitz, Richard O. ZerbeAbstract:Benefit–Cost Analysis reduces all of the impacts of a proposed policy change to a common unit of measurement. It is used in a wide variety of fields including agriculture, life and health, transportation and the environment. In this single volume the editors, both leading scholars in their field, present a judicious selection of previously published papers indispensable to the study of applied benefit–Cost Analysis. The comprehensive collection is an essential resource to scholars, researchers and policymakers alike.
Guido B. Van Den Broek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cost Analysis of office-based transnasal esophagoscopy
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated wi, 2019Co-Authors: David J. Wellenstein, Henrieke W. Schutte, Henri A. M. Marres, Jimmie Honings, Robert P. Takes, Jasmijn M. Herruer, Frank J. A. Van Den Hoogen, Guido B. Van Den BroekAbstract:PURPOSE Although office-based transnasal esophagoscopy has been investigated extensively, a Cost Analysis is still lacking. We performed a Cost Analysis combined with feasibility study for two diagnostic processes: patients with globus pharyngeus and/or dysphagia, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Prospective cohort study. RESULTS Forty-one procedures were performed, of which 35 were fully completed. The procedure was well tolerated with mild complaints such as nasal or pharyngeal pain and burping. Four complications occurred: two minor epistaxis and two vasovagal reactions. In patients with globus pharyngeus and/or dysphagia, transnasal esophagoscopy resulted in a Cost saving of €94.43 (p 0.026) per procedure, compared to our regular diagnostic process. In patients with suspicion of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, Cost savings were €831.41 (p 0.000) per case. CONCLUSIONS Cost Analysis showed that office-based transnasal esophagoscopy can provide significant Cost savings for the current standard of care. Furthermore, this procedure resulted in good patient acceptability and few complications.
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Cost Analysis of office-based transnasal esophagoscopy
European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated wi, 2019Co-Authors: David J. Wellenstein, Henrieke W. Schutte, Henri A. M. Marres, Jimmie Honings, Robert P. Takes, Jasmijn M. Herruer, Frank J. A. Van Den Hoogen, Guido B. Van Den BroekAbstract:Although office-based transnasal esophagoscopy has been investigated extensively, a Cost Analysis is still lacking. We performed a Cost Analysis combined with feasibility study for two diagnostic processes: patients with globus pharyngeus and/or dysphagia, and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Prospective cohort study. Forty-one procedures were performed, of which 35 were fully completed. The procedure was well tolerated with mild complaints such as nasal or pharyngeal pain and burping. Four complications occurred: two minor epistaxis and two vasovagal reactions. In patients with globus pharyngeus and/or dysphagia, transnasal esophagoscopy resulted in a Cost saving of €94.43 (p 0.026) per procedure, compared to our regular diagnostic process. In patients with suspicion of hypopharyngeal carcinoma, Cost savings were €831.41 (p 0.000) per case. Cost Analysis showed that office-based transnasal esophagoscopy can provide significant Cost savings for the current standard of care. Furthermore, this procedure resulted in good patient acceptability and few complications.
