The Experts below are selected from a list of 63813 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Andrew J Plantinga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scope and limitations of drought management within complex human natural Systems
Nature Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: William K Jaeger, Adell L Amos, David R Conklin, Christian Langpap, Kathleen Moore, Andrew J PlantingaAbstract:Growing evidence suggests that drought risk is increasing due to climate change. Evaluation of potential policy responses involves understanding complex economic tradeoffs, hydrologic and social feedbacks, and recognizing how combinations of interventions may have complementary or conflicting effects. This paper explores the potential that Coupled human–natural System models have to address these questions. We employ a detailed model of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of potential drought policy interventions to conserve or reallocate water during a simulated near-term drought year. The drought year is characterized by early-season low flows that make it impossible to meet water demands. The results indicate that while the policies are effective at conserving water, they have limited ability to mitigate the shortages because the timing and location of conservation responses do not match the timing and location of the shortages. The growing prevalence of drought conditions across the world means that mitigation and adaptation will require accounting for feedback loops between water availability and interventions. The Willamette River Valley in Oregon serves as a case study for how to use Coupled human–natural Systems to mitigate drought.
Justin Sheffield - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated approaches to understanding and reducing drought impact on food security across scales
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaogang He, L D Estes, Megan Konar, Di Tian, Daniela Anghileri, Kathy Baylis, Tom P Evans, Justin SheffieldAbstract:Understanding the cross-scale linkages between drought and food security is vital to developing tools to reduce drought impacts and support decision making. This study reviews how drought hazards transfer to food insecurity through changes in physical processes and socio-environmental Systems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We propose a multi-scale, integrated framework leveraging modeling advances (e.g. drought and crop monitoring, water-food-energy nexus, decision making) and increased data availability (e.g. satellite remote sensing, food trade) through the lens of the Coupled human–natural System to support multidisciplinary approaches and avoid potential policy spillover effects. We discuss current scale-dependent challenges in tackling drought-induced food security whilst minimizing water use conflicts and environmental impacts.
Tomas Vaclavik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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landscape epidemiology of emerging infectious diseases in natural and human altered ecoSystems
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2012Co-Authors: Ross K Meentemeyer, Sarah E Haas, Tomas VaclavikAbstract:A central challenge to studying emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is a landscape dilemma: Our best empirical understanding of disease dynamics occurs at local scales, whereas pathogen invasions and management occur over broad spatial extents. The burgeoning field of landscape epidemiology integrates concepts and approaches from disease ecology with the macroscale lens of landscape ecology, enabling examination of disease across spatiotemporal scales in complex environmental settings. We review the state of the field and describe analytical frontiers that show promise for advancement, focusing on natural and human-altered ecoSystems. Concepts fundamental to practicing landscape epidemiology are discussed, including spatial scale, static versus dynamic modeling, spatially implicit versus explicit approaches, selection of ecologically meaningful variables, and inference versus prediction. We highlight studies that have advanced the field by incorporating multiscale analyses, landscape connectivity, and dynamic modeling. Future research directions include understanding disease as a component of interacting ecological disturbances, scaling up the ecological impacts of disease, and examining disease dynamics as a Coupled Human-Natural System.
William K Jaeger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scope and limitations of drought management within complex human natural Systems
Nature Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: William K Jaeger, Adell L Amos, David R Conklin, Christian Langpap, Kathleen Moore, Andrew J PlantingaAbstract:Growing evidence suggests that drought risk is increasing due to climate change. Evaluation of potential policy responses involves understanding complex economic tradeoffs, hydrologic and social feedbacks, and recognizing how combinations of interventions may have complementary or conflicting effects. This paper explores the potential that Coupled human–natural System models have to address these questions. We employ a detailed model of the Willamette River Basin, Oregon, to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of potential drought policy interventions to conserve or reallocate water during a simulated near-term drought year. The drought year is characterized by early-season low flows that make it impossible to meet water demands. The results indicate that while the policies are effective at conserving water, they have limited ability to mitigate the shortages because the timing and location of conservation responses do not match the timing and location of the shortages. The growing prevalence of drought conditions across the world means that mitigation and adaptation will require accounting for feedback loops between water availability and interventions. The Willamette River Valley in Oregon serves as a case study for how to use Coupled human–natural Systems to mitigate drought.
Xiaogang He - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integrated approaches to understanding and reducing drought impact on food security across scales
Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Xiaogang He, L D Estes, Megan Konar, Di Tian, Daniela Anghileri, Kathy Baylis, Tom P Evans, Justin SheffieldAbstract:Understanding the cross-scale linkages between drought and food security is vital to developing tools to reduce drought impacts and support decision making. This study reviews how drought hazards transfer to food insecurity through changes in physical processes and socio-environmental Systems across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. We propose a multi-scale, integrated framework leveraging modeling advances (e.g. drought and crop monitoring, water-food-energy nexus, decision making) and increased data availability (e.g. satellite remote sensing, food trade) through the lens of the Coupled human–natural System to support multidisciplinary approaches and avoid potential policy spillover effects. We discuss current scale-dependent challenges in tackling drought-induced food security whilst minimizing water use conflicts and environmental impacts.
