The Experts below are selected from a list of 279 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Robert J. Atterbury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an improved cleaning system to reduce microbial contamination of poultry transport Crates in the united kingdom
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Robert J. Atterbury, Adriano Marcelo Gigante, M. Howell, David Tinker, V M AllenAbstract:AIM Following previous research on improving the cleaning of Crates used to transport broiler chickens from the farm to the abattoir, a demonstration project was undertaken to investigate improvements in crate washing on a commercial scale. METHODS AND RESULTS The soak tank of a conventional crate washing system was replaced with a high-performance washer fitted with high-volume, high-pressure nozzles. The wash water could be heated, and a greatly improved filtration system ensured that the nozzles did not lose performance or become blocked. Visual cleanliness scores and microbial counts were determined for naturally contaminated Crates which had been randomly assigned to different cleaning protocols. CONCLUSIONS When a combination of mechanical energy, heat and chemicals (i.e. detergent and disinfectant) was used, the results showed significant improvements to crate cleaning. Reductions of up to 3·6 and 3·8 log10 CFU per crate base were achieved for Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively, along with a marked improvement in visual cleanliness. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Broiler transport Crates may become heavily contaminated with faeces and this may contribute to the spread of disease between farms. The results of this trial may be of use in reducing the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the poultry meat supply chain.
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An improved cleaning system to reduce microbial contamination of poultry transport Crates in the United Kingdom
Journal of applied microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Robert J. Atterbury, Adriano Marcelo Gigante, David B. Tinker, M. Howell, Vivien AllenAbstract:Following previous research on improving the cleaning of Crates used to transport broiler chickens from the farm to the abattoir, a demonstration project was undertaken to investigate improvements in crate washing on a commercial scale. The soak tank of a conventional crate washing system was replaced with a high-performance washer fitted with high-volume, high-pressure nozzles. The wash water could be heated, and a greatly improved filtration system ensured that the nozzles did not lose performance or become blocked. Visual cleanliness scores and microbial counts were determined for naturally contaminated Crates which had been randomly assigned to different cleaning protocols. When a combination of mechanical energy, heat and chemicals (i.e. detergent and disinfectant) was used, the results showed significant improvements to crate cleaning. Reductions of up to 3·6 and 3·8 log10 CFU per crate base were achieved for Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively, along with a marked improvement in visual cleanliness. Broiler transport Crates may become heavily contaminated with faeces and this may contribute to the spread of disease between farms. The results of this trial may be of use in reducing the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the poultry meat supply chain. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
Samuel K. Sheppard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation Crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission
Journal of applied microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Hastings, Frances M. Colles, Noel D. Mccarthy, Martin C. J. Maiden, Samuel K. SheppardAbstract:Crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with Campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. We investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing Crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated Campylobacter populations. Bacteria from Crates were enumerated by appropriate culture techniques, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genetic structure of Campylobacters isolated from standard and silver ion containing Crates. Compared to standard Crates, counts of bacteria, including Campylobacter, were consistently lower on silver ion containing Crates throughout the decontamination process. In total, 16 different sequence types were identified from 89 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Crates. These were attributed to putative source population (chicken, cattle, sheep, the environment, wild bird) using the population genetic model, structure. Most (89%) were attributed to chicken, with 22% attribution to live chicken and 78% to retail poultry meat. MLST revealed a progressive shift in allele frequencies through the crate decontamination process. Campylobacter on Crates survived for at least 3 h after sanitization, a period of time equivalent to the journey from the processing plant to the majority of farms in the catchment, showing the potential for involvement of Crates in transmission. Inclusion of a silver ion biocide in poultry transportation Crates to levels demonstrating acceptable antibacterial activity in vitro reduces the level of bacterial contamination during normal crate use compared to standard Crates. Molecular analysis of Campylobacter isolates indicated a change in genetic structure of the population with respect to the poultry-processing plant sanitization practice. The application of a sustainable antimicrobial to components of poultry processing may contribute to reducing the levels of Campylobacter circulating in poultry. © 2010 Biocote Ltd. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2010 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
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campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation Crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Hastings, Frances M. Colles, Noel D. Mccarthy, Martin C. J. Maiden, Samuel K. SheppardAbstract:Aims: Crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with Campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. We investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing Crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated Campylobacter populations. Methods and Results: Bacteria from Crates were enumerated by appropriate culture techniques, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genetic structure of Campylobacters isolated from standard and silver ion containing Crates. Compared to standard Crates, counts of bacteria, including Campylobacter, were consistently lower on silver ion containing Crates throughout the decontamination process. In total, 16 different sequence types were identified from 89 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Crates. These were attributed to putative source population (chicken, cattle, sheep, the environment, wild bird) using the population genetic model, structure. Most (89%) were attributed to chicken, with 22% attribution to live chicken and 78% to retail poultry meat. MLST revealed a progressive shift in allele frequencies through the crate decontamination process. Campylobacter on Crates survived for at least 3 h after sanitization, a period of time equivalent to the journey from the processing plant to the majority of farms in the catchment, showing the potential for involvement of Crates in transmission. Conclusions: Inclusion of a silver ion biocide in poultry transportation Crates to levels demonstrating acceptable antibacterial activity in vitro reduces the level of bacterial contamination during normal crate use compared to standard Crates. Molecular analysis of Campylobacter isolates indicated a change in genetic structure of the population with respect to the poultry-processing plant sanitization practice. Significance and Impact of the Study: The application of a sustainable antimicrobial to components of poultry processing may contribute to reducing the levels of Campylobacter circulating in poultry.
Richard Hastings - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation Crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission
Journal of applied microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Hastings, Frances M. Colles, Noel D. Mccarthy, Martin C. J. Maiden, Samuel K. SheppardAbstract:Crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with Campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. We investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing Crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated Campylobacter populations. Bacteria from Crates were enumerated by appropriate culture techniques, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genetic structure of Campylobacters isolated from standard and silver ion containing Crates. Compared to standard Crates, counts of bacteria, including Campylobacter, were consistently lower on silver ion containing Crates throughout the decontamination process. In total, 16 different sequence types were identified from 89 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Crates. These were attributed to putative source population (chicken, cattle, sheep, the environment, wild bird) using the population genetic model, structure. Most (89%) were attributed to chicken, with 22% attribution to live chicken and 78% to retail poultry meat. MLST revealed a progressive shift in allele frequencies through the crate decontamination process. Campylobacter on Crates survived for at least 3 h after sanitization, a period of time equivalent to the journey from the processing plant to the majority of farms in the catchment, showing the potential for involvement of Crates in transmission. Inclusion of a silver ion biocide in poultry transportation Crates to levels demonstrating acceptable antibacterial activity in vitro reduces the level of bacterial contamination during normal crate use compared to standard Crates. Molecular analysis of Campylobacter isolates indicated a change in genetic structure of the population with respect to the poultry-processing plant sanitization practice. The application of a sustainable antimicrobial to components of poultry processing may contribute to reducing the levels of Campylobacter circulating in poultry. © 2010 Biocote Ltd. Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2010 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
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campylobacter genotypes from poultry transportation Crates indicate a source of contamination and transmission
Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Richard Hastings, Frances M. Colles, Noel D. Mccarthy, Martin C. J. Maiden, Samuel K. SheppardAbstract:Aims: Crates used to transport live poultry can be contaminated with Campylobacter, despite periodic sanitization, and are potential vectors for transmission between flocks. We investigated the microbial contamination of standard and silver ion containing Crates in normal use and the genetic structure of associated Campylobacter populations. Methods and Results: Bacteria from Crates were enumerated by appropriate culture techniques, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to determine the genetic structure of Campylobacters isolated from standard and silver ion containing Crates. Compared to standard Crates, counts of bacteria, including Campylobacter, were consistently lower on silver ion containing Crates throughout the decontamination process. In total, 16 different sequence types were identified from 89 Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Crates. These were attributed to putative source population (chicken, cattle, sheep, the environment, wild bird) using the population genetic model, structure. Most (89%) were attributed to chicken, with 22% attribution to live chicken and 78% to retail poultry meat. MLST revealed a progressive shift in allele frequencies through the crate decontamination process. Campylobacter on Crates survived for at least 3 h after sanitization, a period of time equivalent to the journey from the processing plant to the majority of farms in the catchment, showing the potential for involvement of Crates in transmission. Conclusions: Inclusion of a silver ion biocide in poultry transportation Crates to levels demonstrating acceptable antibacterial activity in vitro reduces the level of bacterial contamination during normal crate use compared to standard Crates. Molecular analysis of Campylobacter isolates indicated a change in genetic structure of the population with respect to the poultry-processing plant sanitization practice. Significance and Impact of the Study: The application of a sustainable antimicrobial to components of poultry processing may contribute to reducing the levels of Campylobacter circulating in poultry.
Michela Gallo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sustainable packaging: an evaluation of Crates for food through a life cycle approach
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2020Co-Authors: Adriana Del Borghi, Sara Parodi, Luca Moreschi, Michela GalloAbstract:Purpose The packaging system plays an essential role in the logistic chain and takes into account the rise in packaging demand and consumption. A study on sustainability was carried out through a comparative life cycle assessment in order to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of plastic, corrugated board and wood (solid, MDF and particleboard) Crates used for food delivery. Single-use and multi-use systems were considered and compared. Methods According to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, the whole life cycle of Crates was divided into four primary phases: raw materials acquisition, crate manufacturing, transport (including the reuse, if applicable) and final disposal. The functional unit used for this study was 1 crate with an external dimension of 400 × 600 × 240 mm and with an inner volume of 50 l. The comparison focused on the critical parameters expected to have a higher influence on the results, such as the distances for delivery and the number of reuses for multi-use Crates. All input data came from sector studies, literature and Ecoinvent database. The results were evaluated according to 8 impact categories. Two sensitivity analyses were performed. Results and discussion The most relevant impacts are linked to transport, electricity and raw materials contributions. Cumulative energy demand results show that the renewable energy resources in the case of plastic Crates are about 3% while for the other type of Crates exceed the 30% reaching the 77.5% in the case of solid wood crate. The environmental impacts result lower for multi-use plastic crate due to its possibility of being reused during its lifetime, avoiding the high impacts of the manufacturing. The best option among the single-use systems is the solid wood crate. The final results of the sensitivity analysis applied to the transport distances show that the impacts related to solid wood are more stable than plastic. Concerning the end-of-life scenarios, a significant decreasing (around 14.7%) in the global warming potential can be reached increasing the Crates recycling till 100%. Conclusions and recommendations The best crate materials are plastic Crates if a recovery system is planned; otherwise, the best choice is the wood crate. It is preferable to use raw material, such as solid wood than processed material, such as particle board, MDF and corrugated board. In performing this type of analysis, it is important to have accurate data, preferentially primary data, in particular for plastic Crates as evidenced by the sensitivity analysis.
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Sustainable packaging: an evaluation of Crates for food through a life cycle approach
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2020Co-Authors: Adriana Del Borghi, Sara Parodi, Luca Moreschi, Michela GalloAbstract:The packaging system plays an essential role in the logistic chain and takes into account the rise in packaging demand and consumption. A study on sustainability was carried out through a comparative life cycle assessment in order to quantify and compare the environmental impacts of plastic, corrugated board and wood (solid, MDF and particleboard) Crates used for food delivery. Single-use and multi-use systems were considered and compared. According to ISO 14040 and ISO 14044, the whole life cycle of Crates was divided into four primary phases: raw materials acquisition, crate manufacturing, transport (including the reuse, if applicable) and final disposal. The functional unit used for this study was 1 crate with an external dimension of 400 × 600 × 240 mm and with an inner volume of 50 l. The comparison focused on the critical parameters expected to have a higher influence on the results, such as the distances for delivery and the number of reuses for multi-use Crates. All input data came from sector studies, literature and Ecoinvent database. The results were evaluated according to 8 impact categories. Two sensitivity analyses were performed. The most relevant impacts are linked to transport, electricity and raw materials contributions. Cumulative energy demand results show that the renewable energy resources in the case of plastic Crates are about 3% while for the other type of Crates exceed the 30% reaching the 77.5% in the case of solid wood crate. The environmental impacts result lower for multi-use plastic crate due to its possibility of being reused during its lifetime, avoiding the high impacts of the manufacturing. The best option among the single-use systems is the solid wood crate. The final results of the sensitivity analysis applied to the transport distances show that the impacts related to solid wood are more stable than plastic. Concerning the end-of-life scenarios, a significant decreasing (around 14.7%) in the global warming potential can be reached increasing the Crates recycling till 100%. The best crate materials are plastic Crates if a recovery system is planned; otherwise, the best choice is the wood crate. It is preferable to use raw material, such as solid wood than processed material, such as particle board, MDF and corrugated board. In performing this type of analysis, it is important to have accurate data, preferentially primary data, in particular for plastic Crates as evidenced by the sensitivity analysis.
Vivien Allen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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An improved cleaning system to reduce microbial contamination of poultry transport Crates in the United Kingdom
Journal of applied microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Robert J. Atterbury, Adriano Marcelo Gigante, David B. Tinker, M. Howell, Vivien AllenAbstract:Following previous research on improving the cleaning of Crates used to transport broiler chickens from the farm to the abattoir, a demonstration project was undertaken to investigate improvements in crate washing on a commercial scale. The soak tank of a conventional crate washing system was replaced with a high-performance washer fitted with high-volume, high-pressure nozzles. The wash water could be heated, and a greatly improved filtration system ensured that the nozzles did not lose performance or become blocked. Visual cleanliness scores and microbial counts were determined for naturally contaminated Crates which had been randomly assigned to different cleaning protocols. When a combination of mechanical energy, heat and chemicals (i.e. detergent and disinfectant) was used, the results showed significant improvements to crate cleaning. Reductions of up to 3·6 and 3·8 log10 CFU per crate base were achieved for Campylobacter and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively, along with a marked improvement in visual cleanliness. Broiler transport Crates may become heavily contaminated with faeces and this may contribute to the spread of disease between farms. The results of this trial may be of use in reducing the spread of zoonotic pathogens in the poultry meat supply chain. © 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology.
