The Experts below are selected from a list of 5820 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Martin Dufresne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the social uses of dna in the political realm or how politics constructs dna technology in the fight against Crime
New Genetics and Society, 2008Co-Authors: Dominique Robert, Martin DufresneAbstract:Research has shown that the adoption and integration of new technologies in professional environments and daily lives depend less on their objective characteristics and “real” performance than on representations and hopes built into those technologies. This paper will focus on DNA technology and the meanings and expectations invested into it by actors who participated in the debate surrounding two bills on DNA identification in Canada. Through this process, we will uncover the symbolic conditions that allowed for the introduction of the National DNA Databank as a Crime-Fighting tool: first, the minimization of the power of the substance and the idealization of the DNA databank potentialities; second, the scientification and professionalization of the police through DNA; and third, the reconciliation of Canada's two identities, that of the criminal justice innovator and human rights defender. Those are some of the key symbolic elements that made the creation and expansion of the DNA databank possible.
Dominique Robert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the social uses of dna in the political realm or how politics constructs dna technology in the fight against Crime
New Genetics and Society, 2008Co-Authors: Dominique Robert, Martin DufresneAbstract:Research has shown that the adoption and integration of new technologies in professional environments and daily lives depend less on their objective characteristics and “real” performance than on representations and hopes built into those technologies. This paper will focus on DNA technology and the meanings and expectations invested into it by actors who participated in the debate surrounding two bills on DNA identification in Canada. Through this process, we will uncover the symbolic conditions that allowed for the introduction of the National DNA Databank as a Crime-Fighting tool: first, the minimization of the power of the substance and the idealization of the DNA databank potentialities; second, the scientification and professionalization of the police through DNA; and third, the reconciliation of Canada's two identities, that of the criminal justice innovator and human rights defender. Those are some of the key symbolic elements that made the creation and expansion of the DNA databank possible.
Jody L Sindelar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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drug treatment as a Crime Fighting tool
2002Co-Authors: Mireia Jofrebonet, Jody L SindelarAbstract:Drugs and Crime are known to be correlated, but the direction of causality and the magnitude of the relationship have not been well established. We take a new approach to estimating this relationship and examine a little used, multi-site dataset of 3,500 inner-city drug users entering treatment. We analyze the change in Crime and in drug use pre and post treatment, controlling for other covariates. We take first differences to address omitted variable problems. For our sample, we find that treatment reduces drug use which, in turn, reduced drug decreases Crime. Reduced drug use due to treatment is associated with 54% fewer days of Crime for profit, ceteris paribus. Our evidence suggests that, reduced drug use is causally related to reduced Crime. This finding is robust to different specifications and subsamples. Our findings broadly suggest that drug treatment may be an effective Crime-Fighting tool. Given the huge and growing expense of the criminal justice system, drug treatment might be cost-effective relative to incarceration.
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drug treatment as a Crime Fighting tool
Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, 2001Co-Authors: Mireia Jofrebonet, Jody L SindelarAbstract:Background: The primary approach to reducing Crime in the US has been through the criminal justice system. However, drug treatment may be an effective tool in reducing Crime. In order to make better use of treatment as an alternative approach, one needs to know if reducing drug use through treatment results in decreased Crime. Aims of the Study: The objective of this paper is to model and empirically investigate the extent to which a change in drug use that results from treatment reduces Crime and whether a change in drug use is causally related to change in Crime. We focus on Crime-forprofit. Methods: We use a multi-site dataset of 3,502 inner-city drug users entering treatment. We analyze the change in drug use and Crime pre and post treatment. We take first differences to address the omitted variable problem. Results: We find that treatment reduces drug use and that, in turn, reduced drug use has a significant impact on Crime. For our study population, reduced drug use seems to be causally related to reduced Crime. This finding is robust to specification and subsamples. We estimate that reduced drug use due to treatment is associated with 54% fewer days of Crime for profit, ceteris paribus. Discussion: We use a longitudinal data set and a novel approach to analyze the relationship between Crime and drugs. We analyze a low-income, inner-city, drug-addicted sample. We use self-reported Crime. For our purposes, the use of individual data is an improvement over the use of aggregate level data that has been used in much of the related literature. Limitations of our paper include that we do not have a random sample and that our measure is self-reported in the previous 30 days. Implications for Health Policies: Our findings suggest that drug treatment may be an effective Crime-Fighting tool. Treatment reduces not only the Crime of drug possession, but also Crime-for-profit. Current public policy emphasizes use of the criminal justice system, incarceration in particular, as a mechanism to combat Crime. Given the huge and growing expense of the criminal justice system, drug treatment might be cost-effective relative to incarceration. California’s so called “Proposition 36” is based on this yet to be proven premise. Although additional research is required, our findings may help inform the debate on treatment versus criminal justice. We have provided empirically-based findings that reduced drug use due to treatment can result in important reductions in Crime. Our findings can serve as a building block for policy development.
Raneta Lawson Mack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the federal witness protection program revisited and compared reshaping an old weapon to meet new challenges in the global Crime Fighting effort
Social Science Research Network, 2014Co-Authors: Raneta Lawson MackAbstract:This article examines the witness protection program (WPP) in the United States through a comparative lens to determine whether the current iteration of the WPP is sustainable given ever-increasing levels and varieties of criminality on national and international levels. While the United States was the first country to formalize the notion of a government protecting witnesses who provide valuable testimony in the Crime Fighting effort, a number of other countries and international tribunals have now adopted formal or informal witness protection programs modeled after the US program. This article considers whether the WPP in the United States has kept pace with the changing dynamics of global Crime. Or, can the collective international experience with WPPs be synthesized into a set of “best practices” that might help to inform and possibly further reshape the WPP in the United States?
Nabil R Adam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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big data based smart city platform real time Crime analysis
International Conference on Digital Government Research, 2016Co-Authors: Debopriya Ghosh, Soon Ae Chun, Basit Shafiq, Nabil R AdamAbstract:One of the challenges governments and communities face to achieve smart city goals is dealing with enormous amount of data available - sensors, devices, social media, Web activities and commerce, tracking devices, all generate enormous amount of data, so called Big Data. Our goal is to empower the city government and its citizens to create a safer city by enabling Crime and risk analysis of unstructured Crime reports, criminal history of suspects, auto-license data, location-specific data, etc. for Crime Fighting efforts. We present intelligent solutions for Data-based Smart City Platform in Newark, NJ. We used a Machine Learning approach to automate and help Crime analysts identify the connected entities and events by collecting, integrating and analyzing diverse data sources to generate alerts and predictions for new knowledge and insights that lead to better decision making and optimized actions.