The Experts below are selected from a list of 41883 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ross L. Matsueda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • toward an analytical criminology the micro macro problem causal mechanisms and public Policy
    Criminology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ross L. Matsueda
    Abstract:

    In this address, I revisit the micro–macro problem in criminology, arguing for an “analytical criminology” that takes an integrated approach to the micro–macro problem. I begin by contrasting an integrated methodological-individualist approach with traditional holist and individualist approaches. An integrated approach considers the concept of emergence and tackles the difficult problem of specifying causal mechanisms by which interactions among individuals produce social organizational outcomes. After presenting a few examples of micro–macro transitions relevant to criminology, I discuss research programs in sociology and economics that focus on these issues. I then discuss the implications of social interaction effects for making causal inferences about Crime and for making Crime Policy recommendations.

  • TOWARD AN ANALYTICAL CRIMINOLOGY: THE MICRO–MACRO PROBLEM, CAUSAL MECHANISMS, AND PUBLIC Policy
    Criminology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ross L. Matsueda
    Abstract:

    In this address, I revisit the micro–macro problem in criminology, arguing for an “analytical criminology” that takes an integrated approach to the micro–macro problem. I begin by contrasting an integrated methodological-individualist approach with traditional holist and individualist approaches. An integrated approach considers the concept of emergence and tackles the difficult problem of specifying causal mechanisms by which interactions among individuals produce social organizational outcomes. After presenting a few examples of micro–macro transitions relevant to criminology, I discuss research programs in sociology and economics that focus on these issues. I then discuss the implications of social interaction effects for making causal inferences about Crime and for making Crime Policy recommendations.

Christina Mancini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Public (Mis)Understanding of Crime Policy: The Effects of Criminal Justice Experience and Media Reliance
    Criminal Justice Policy Review, 2014
    Co-Authors: Justin T. Pickett, Christina Mancini, Daniel P. Mears, Marc Gertz
    Abstract:

    Scholars attribute the public’s low level of knowledge about sentencing and corrections to its lack of extensive criminal justice experience and consequent reliance on the media for justice-related information. However, scant research exists that evaluates how criminal justice experience affects media consumption, or how such consumption may influence knowledge about sentencing laws or the extent of imprisonment. To extend this literature, we develop and test three hypotheses about the relationships between prior criminal justice experience, reliance on the mass media for information about Crime and justice, and knowledge about criminal punishment. Analysis of data from a random telephone survey of 1,308 adult Floridians reveals that individuals with prior criminal justice experience are less likely to rely on the media for Crime-related information. The evidence also shows that media reliance is associated with lower levels of knowledge about criminal punishment, and that this effect is particularly stro...

  • Examining Factors That Predict Public Concern About the Collateral Consequences of Sex Crime Policy
    Criminal Justice Policy Review, 2013
    Co-Authors: Christina Mancini
    Abstract:

    Sex Crime policies have been associated with unintended effects. One involves harassment of registered sex offenders. Despite this finding, and the prominent role of the public in reentry efforts, few studies have examined public opinion about this collateral consequence. By extension, virtually no scholarship has investigated predictors of concern. From a utilitarian perspective, it follows that among those who rely on the registry or who feel sex offenders are driven to reoffend, concern about the registry’s unintended effects will be reduced. In testing this hypothesis the study draws on responses from a national public opinion poll conducted in 2005—a critical time when state registries and online registry websites became increasingly available. Findings support an instrumental or utilitarian argument. Use of the registry and pessimism about offender rehabilitation significantly decreased public concern about registries’ negative outcomes. Implications for research and offender reentry debates are dis...

Henrik Tham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the public sense of justice in scandinavia a study of attitudes towards punishments
    European Journal of Criminology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Flemming Balvig, Henrik Tham, Helgi Gunnlaugsson, Kristina Jerre, Aarne Kinnunen
    Abstract:

    Crime Policy is increasingly legitimized by reference to the public sense of justice. A research project has therefore been conducted in all five Scandinavian countries in order to examine the publ...

  • law and order as a leftist project the case of sweden
    Punishment & Society, 2001
    Co-Authors: Henrik Tham
    Abstract:

    Since the 1970s, Crime Policy has become politicized. Conservative parties have launched the law and order theme and exploited Crime in political campaigns. Social Democratic and other leftist parties have more or less reluctantly followed. Since the 1990s, however, the political left itself seems now to take the lead in the reshaping of Crime Policy in a less liberal direction. Tendencies towards such a development are clearly discernible in Italy, Germany, the UK and the Scandinavian countries. The article discusses a number of elements of and explanations for the sharpening of Social Democratic Crime Policy in Sweden: a tendency towards alarmism, the tradition of left realism and the politicization of Crime Policy, the goal of a drug-free society, the practice of an interventionist Policy, the increasing use of symbolic legislation, the demand for zero tolerance and the discipline of the market and the increasing inequality. These elements are finally seen as indicators of problems of integration and c...

Valerie Jenness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • transforming symbolic law into organizational action hate Crime Policy and law enforcement practice
    Social Forces, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ryken Grattet, Valerie Jenness
    Abstract:

    For decades sociologists, criminologists, political scientists and socio-legal scholars alike have focused on the symbolic and instrumental dimensions of law in examinations of the effects of social reform and Policy implementation. Following in this tradition, we focus on the relationship between hate Crime Policy and hate Crime reporting to identify the conditions under which a symbolic law is accompanied by instrumental effects at the initial phase of the law enforcement process —the official recording of a hate Crime event. Using data on California police and sheriff's agencies we estimate hierarchical Poisson models to determine how agency-level enforcement efforts, chiefly the creation of a formal Policy on hate Crime, affect official hate Crime reporting. We also examine how community and agency attributes influence the effects of Policy on the reporting of hate Crime. We find that agency characteristics, in this case measures of the integration of the local agency within the community, shape the degree to which agency policies affect the official reporting of hate Crime. Our findings reveal that while symbolic law is not intrinsically incapable of producing changes in enforcement patterns, such effects are contingent upon agency and community processes. Thus, we conclude by conceptualizing the varied enforcement contexts within which a body of symbolic law is rendered instrumental.

  • The Birth and Maturation of Hate Crime Policy in the United States
    American Behavioral Scientist, 2001
    Co-Authors: Ryken Grattet, Valerie Jenness
    Abstract:

    To comprehend the contemporary significance of hate Crime, it is necessary to understand how the concept emerged and gained acceptance, as well as how its meaning has been transformed over time and across the institutional spheres of the American Policy-making process—from social movements to legislatures to appellate courts and, finally, to law enforcement. As the concept traversed these spheres, its definition and the scope of its application have been substantially clarified. In the process, each institutional sphere placed new constraints on the concept, which restricted its scope in some ways and expanded it in others. The contemporary understanding of hate Crime, legally, politically, and culturally, reflects the cumulative efforts of situated actors within and across these spheres. The authors consider how awareness of these general patterns is helpful for evaluating the recent criticisms of hate Crime policies.

Richard Sparks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • ideologies and Crime political ideas and the dynamics of Crime control
    Global Crime, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ian Loader, Richard Sparks
    Abstract:

    This article assembles some theoretical resources for a project that investigates the ways in which thinking about politics has since the 1970s been bound up with thinking and action around Crime. Such investigation is hampered by a dominant (neoliberal) narrative of governance that tends to reduce Crime Policy to a ‘contest’ between tactics and technique. In contrast, we establish a political framework for theorising Crime and its control. This framework calls for close interpretive analysis of the ways in which disputes about the Crime question are always in part contests between different political ideologies and the meaning and significance of their defining concepts. By revisiting penal developments of recent several decades with these questions in mind, one can get closer to the heart of what is at stake when Crime is being discussed and acquire a better sense of why Crime and its control are legitimately the subject of politics.

  • for an historical sociology of Crime Policy in england and wales since 1968
    Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 2004
    Co-Authors: Ian Loader, Richard Sparks
    Abstract:

    This essay proposes an approach to understanding changes in political responses to Crime in England and Wales over the last third of the twentieth century and developments in criminological knowledge over the same period. To explore the association between these in some empirical detail, we argue, would provide a historical–sociological understanding that is currently lacking, notwithstanding Garland's significant intervention in The Culture of Control. We take issue with some aspects of Garland's account, on both methodological and substantive grounds, and delineate certain distinctions between his ‘history of the present’ and the historically situated hermeneutics that we favour. The latter, we suggest, can be more attentive to particular political and intellectual struggles that have had a formative bearing on the current field and, as such, offer new perspectives on the position of Crime and punishment in contemporary political culture.