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Nathalie Klein Selle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Memory detection: The effects of emotional stimuli
    Biological Psychology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nathalie Klein Selle, Tal Nahari, Ewout H. Meijer, Bruno Verschuere, Merel Kindt, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect the presence of Crime-Related Information in memory. In two experiments, we examined the influence of stimulus emotionality on the outcomes of the CIT. In experiment 1, each participant was tested immediately or after one week, on a series of neutral and either negative arousing or negative non-arousing pictures. CIT detection efficiency was unaffected, but physiological and recognition data did not support the manipulation’s effectiveness. In experiment 2, each participant was tested after a week on a series of neutral versus negative arousing pictures. Importantly, stimulus arousal was increased and memory ceiling effects were prevented. This time, both memory and CIT detection efficiency using the skin conductance, but not the respiration and heart rate measures, were enhanced for emotional compared to neutral pictures. Taken together, these results indicate that the use of emotional stimuli does not deteriorate and may even improve CIT validity.

  • memory detection with the concealed Information test a meta analysis of skin conductance respiration heart rate and p300 data
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Benshakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect’s memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures—skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect. Descriptors: Concealed Information Test (CIT), Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate deceleration, respiration line length (RLL), event-related potential (ERP), P300, meta-analysis

  • Memory detection with the Concealed Information Test: a meta analysis of skin conductance, respiration, heart rate, and P300 data.
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout H. Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect's memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures-skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect.

Ewout H. Meijer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The influence of room spaciousness on investigative interviews
    Legal and Criminological Psychology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Katherine Hoogesteyn, Ewout H. Meijer, Aldert Vrij
    Abstract:

    Purpose. The quality of Information obtained from investigative interviews largely relies on the quality of communication between the interviewee and interviewer. One aspect of the communication process that has yet to be well examined is the environment in which the interviews take place. The present study examined the influence of physical spaciousness, manipulated as room size and interpersonal sitting distance between interviewer and interviewee on the disclosure of Crime-Related Information, as well as perceptions of rapport and overall interview experience. Methods. Participants engaged in a virtual reality scenario depicting a crime and were interviewed as suspects in either a larger or smaller room, at a closer or larger distance. Results. Results showed no links between room size and sitting distance on disclosure rates. However, an exploratory analysis did reveal that participants interviewed in the larger room reported more positive interview experience in terms of spaciousness, and consequently higher perceptions of rapport, compared to those interviewed in the small room. Conclusions. We found evidence against an influence of room size and interpersonal distance on disclosure. Still, our study does provide initial evidence that manipulating room size in an interview context could positively impact rapport-building.

  • Memory detection: The effects of emotional stimuli
    Biological Psychology, 2017
    Co-Authors: Nathalie Klein Selle, Tal Nahari, Ewout H. Meijer, Bruno Verschuere, Merel Kindt, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) aims to detect the presence of Crime-Related Information in memory. In two experiments, we examined the influence of stimulus emotionality on the outcomes of the CIT. In experiment 1, each participant was tested immediately or after one week, on a series of neutral and either negative arousing or negative non-arousing pictures. CIT detection efficiency was unaffected, but physiological and recognition data did not support the manipulation’s effectiveness. In experiment 2, each participant was tested after a week on a series of neutral versus negative arousing pictures. Importantly, stimulus arousal was increased and memory ceiling effects were prevented. This time, both memory and CIT detection efficiency using the skin conductance, but not the respiration and heart rate measures, were enhanced for emotional compared to neutral pictures. Taken together, these results indicate that the use of emotional stimuli does not deteriorate and may even improve CIT validity.

  • Memory detection with the Concealed Information Test: a meta analysis of skin conductance, respiration, heart rate, and P300 data.
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout H. Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect's memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures-skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect.

  • Detecting concealed Information from groups using a dynamic questioning approach: simultaneous skin conductance measurement and immediate feedback.
    Frontiers in psychology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ewout H. Meijer, Gershon Ben-shakhar, Gary Bente, Andreas Schumacher
    Abstract:

    Lie detection procedures typically aim at determining the guilt or innocence of a single suspect. The Concealed Information Test (CIT), for example, has been shown to be highly successful in detecting the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect’s memory. Many of today’s security threats, however, do not come from individuals, but from organized groups such as criminal organizations or terrorist networks. In this study, we tested whether a plan of an upcoming mock terrorist attack could be extracted from a group of suspects using a dynamic questioning approach. One-hundred participants were tested in 20 groups of 5. Each group was asked to plan a mock terrorist attack based on a list of potential countries, cities, and streets. Next, three questions referring to the country, city, and street were presented, each with five options. Skin conductance in all five members of the group was measured simultaneously during this presentation. The dynamic questioning approach entailed direct analysis of the data, and if the average skin conductance of the group to a certain option exceeded a threshold, this option was followed up, e.g., if the reaction to the option “Italy” exceeded the threshold, this was followed up by presenting five cities in Italy. Results showed that in 19 of the 20 groups the country was correctly detected using this procedure. In 13 of these remaining 19 groups the city was correctly detected. In 7 of these 13, the street was also correctly detected. The question about the country resulted in no false positives (out of 20), the question about the city resulted in two false positives (out of 19), while the question about the streets resulted in two false positives (out of 13). Furthermore, the two false positives at the city level also yielded a false positive at the street level. Even though effect sizes were only moderate, these results indicate that our dynamic questioning approach can help to unveil plans about a mock terrorist attack.

Ewout Meijer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • memory detection with the concealed Information test a meta analysis of skin conductance respiration heart rate and p300 data
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Benshakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect’s memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures—skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect. Descriptors: Concealed Information Test (CIT), Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate deceleration, respiration line length (RLL), event-related potential (ERP), P300, meta-analysis

Gershon Ben-shakhar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Memory detection with the Concealed Information Test: a meta analysis of skin conductance, respiration, heart rate, and P300 data.
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout H. Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect's memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures-skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect.

  • Psychophysiological detection of concealed Information shared by groups: an empirical study of the searching CIT.
    Journal of experimental psychology. Applied, 2014
    Co-Authors: Assaf Breska, Daphna Zaidenberg, Nurit Gronau, Gershon Ben-shakhar
    Abstract:

    This study focused on the application of the Concealed Information Test (CIT) to situations in which the Crime-Related Information is shared by a group of suspects but is not available to the investigators (a method known as the "searching CIT," or SCIT). Twenty-two groups, each comprising 4 to 7 participants (115 in total), planned 1 of 2 mock crimes (kidnapping or bank robbery). While planning the crime, each group decided on 5 Crime-Related critical items (e.g., the city in which the bank was located). Each critical item was chosen from a predefined set of 4 alternatives. At a second stage, the SCIT was administered individually and each participant was tested on the 2 crimes-the actual planned crime, in which the participant was "guilty," and the unplanned crime, in which the participant was "innocent." Two algorithms, adopted from Breska, Ben-Shakhar, and Gronau (2012), were applied to detect the critical items and to differentiate between "guilty" and "innocent" participants. Findings revealed that differentiation efficiency based on electrodermal and respiration measures was identical to that obtained with the standard CIT when applied to large groups, but lower, although significantly greater than chance, when applied to differentiate between small groups.

  • Detecting concealed Information from groups using a dynamic questioning approach: simultaneous skin conductance measurement and immediate feedback.
    Frontiers in psychology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ewout H. Meijer, Gershon Ben-shakhar, Gary Bente, Andreas Schumacher
    Abstract:

    Lie detection procedures typically aim at determining the guilt or innocence of a single suspect. The Concealed Information Test (CIT), for example, has been shown to be highly successful in detecting the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect’s memory. Many of today’s security threats, however, do not come from individuals, but from organized groups such as criminal organizations or terrorist networks. In this study, we tested whether a plan of an upcoming mock terrorist attack could be extracted from a group of suspects using a dynamic questioning approach. One-hundred participants were tested in 20 groups of 5. Each group was asked to plan a mock terrorist attack based on a list of potential countries, cities, and streets. Next, three questions referring to the country, city, and street were presented, each with five options. Skin conductance in all five members of the group was measured simultaneously during this presentation. The dynamic questioning approach entailed direct analysis of the data, and if the average skin conductance of the group to a certain option exceeded a threshold, this option was followed up, e.g., if the reaction to the option “Italy” exceeded the threshold, this was followed up by presenting five cities in Italy. Results showed that in 19 of the 20 groups the country was correctly detected using this procedure. In 13 of these remaining 19 groups the city was correctly detected. In 7 of these 13, the street was also correctly detected. The question about the country resulted in no false positives (out of 20), the question about the city resulted in two false positives (out of 19), while the question about the streets resulted in two false positives (out of 13). Furthermore, the two false positives at the city level also yielded a false positive at the street level. Even though effect sizes were only moderate, these results indicate that our dynamic questioning approach can help to unveil plans about a mock terrorist attack.

Gershon Benshakhar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • memory detection with the concealed Information test a meta analysis of skin conductance respiration heart rate and p300 data
    Psychophysiology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Ewout Meijer, Lotem Elber, Nathalie Klein Selle, Gershon Benshakhar
    Abstract:

    The Concealed Information Test (CIT) uses psychophysiological measures to determine the presence or absence of Crime-Related Information in a suspect’s memory. We conducted a meta-analysis on the validity of the CIT based on four physiological measures—skin conductance response (SCR), respiration line length (RLL), changes in heart rate (HR), and enhanced amplitudes of the P300 component of the event-related potential (P300). This meta-analysis relied on laboratory studies that used either the mock-crime or the personal-item paradigm. Results showed a mean effect size (d*) of 1.55 for SCR, 1.11 for RLL, 0.89 for HR, and 1.89 for P300. However, P300 outperformed SCR only in the personal-item paradigm, but not in the mock-crime paradigm. Motivation level, number of questions, publication year, and the inclusion of innocent participants emerged as significant moderators for the SCR, while only the type of paradigm used moderated the P300 effect. Descriptors: Concealed Information Test (CIT), Guilty Knowledge Test (GKT), skin conductance response (SCR), heart rate deceleration, respiration line length (RLL), event-related potential (ERP), P300, meta-analysis