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Jeremy R Porter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • identifying spatio temporal patterns of articulated Criminal Offending an application using phenomenologically meaningful police jurisdictional geographies
    Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jeremy R Porter
    Abstract:

    Improving our understanding of the differentials, articulation and mobility of Criminal Offending within and between urban and rural areas may ultimately have important policy implications for the allocation of valuable federal, state and local resources. This paper introduces a new comprehensive place level system delineation, which corresponds directly to meaningful police jurisdictional coverage areas. This coverage allows for the implementation of a multivariate spatial econometric technique that has the potential to contribute to law enforcement's ability to combat Criminal Offending through the introduction of an algorithm for the tracking of the almost ‘real time’ spatial mobility of crime. The results suggest a more robust application of spatial clustering statistics in identifying spatio-temporal relationships in the spatial mobility of crime. It is expected that the ability to track Criminal Offending in a more ‘real-time’ manner can have direct implications on future research concerned with the simulation of crime-specific Offending patterns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • Identifying spatio‐temporal patterns of articulated Criminal Offending: An application using phenomenologically meaningful police jurisdictional geographies
    Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Jeremy R Porter
    Abstract:

    Improving our understanding of the differentials, articulation and mobility of Criminal Offending within and between urban and rural areas may ultimately have important policy implications for the allocation of valuable federal, state and local resources. This paper introduces a new comprehensive place level system delineation, which corresponds directly to meaningful police jurisdictional coverage areas. This coverage allows for the implementation of a multivariate spatial econometric technique that has the potential to contribute to law enforcement's ability to combat Criminal Offending through the introduction of an algorithm for the tracking of the almost ‘real time’ spatial mobility of crime. The results suggest a more robust application of spatial clustering statistics in identifying spatio-temporal relationships in the spatial mobility of crime. It is expected that the ability to track Criminal Offending in a more ‘real-time’ manner can have direct implications on future research concerned with the simulation of crime-specific Offending patterns. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

John Marsden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is treatment for alcohol use disorder associated with reductions in Criminal Offending a national data linkage cohort study in england
    Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016
    Co-Authors: Helen Willey, Brian Eastwood, John Marsden
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: This is the first English national study of change in Criminal Offending following treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS: All adults treated for AUD by all publicly funded treatment services during April 2008-March 2009 (n=53,017), with data linked to the Police National Computer (April 2006-November 2011). Pre-treatment offender sub-populations were identified by Latent Profile Analysis. The outcome measure was the count of recordable Criminal offences during two-year follow-up after admission. A mixed-effects, Poisson regression modelled outcome, adjusting for demographics and clinical information, the latent classes, and treatment exposure covariates. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the cohort committed one or more offences in the two years pre-treatment (n=11,742; crude rate, 221.5 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, the number of offenders and offences fell by 23.5% and 24.0%, respectively (crude rate, 69.4 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, a lower number of offences was associated with: completing treatment (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.85); receiving inpatient detoxification (IRR 0.84; CI 0.80-0.89); or community pharmacological therapy (IRR 0.89; CI 0.84-0.96). Reconviction was reduced in the sub-population characterised by driving offences (n=1,140; 11.7%), but was relatively high amongst acquisitive (n=768; 58.3% reconvicted) and violent Offending sub-populations (n=602; 77.6% reconvicted). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced Offending was associated with successful completion of AUD treatment and receiving inpatient and pharmacological therapy, but not enrolment in psychological and residential interventions. Treatment services (particularly those providing psychological therapy and residential care) should be alert to Offending, especially violent and acquisitive crime, and enhance crime reduction interventions.

  • Is treatment for alcohol use disorder associated with reductions in Criminal Offending? A national data linkage cohort study in England
    Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2016
    Co-Authors: Helen Willey, Brian Eastwood, John Marsden
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: This is the first English national study of change in Criminal Offending following treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). METHODS: All adults treated for AUD by all publicly funded treatment services during April 2008-March 2009 (n=53,017), with data linked to the Police National Computer (April 2006-November 2011). Pre-treatment offender sub-populations were identified by Latent Profile Analysis. The outcome measure was the count of recordable Criminal offences during two-year follow-up after admission. A mixed-effects, Poisson regression modelled outcome, adjusting for demographics and clinical information, the latent classes, and treatment exposure covariates. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the cohort committed one or more offences in the two years pre-treatment (n=11,742; crude rate, 221.5 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, the number of offenders and offences fell by 23.5% and 24.0%, respectively (crude rate, 69.4 offenders per 1000). During follow-up, a lower number of offences was associated with: completing treatment (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.85); receiving inpatient detoxification (IRR 0.84; CI 0.80-0.89); or community pharmacological therapy (IRR 0.89; CI 0.84-0.96). Reconviction was reduced in the sub-population characterised by driving offences (n=1,140; 11.7%), but was relatively high amongst acquisitive (n=768; 58.3% reconvicted) and violent Offending sub-populations (n=602; 77.6% reconvicted). CONCLUSIONS: Reduced Offending was associated with successful completion of AUD treatment and receiving inpatient and pharmacological therapy, but not enrolment in psychological and residential interventions. Treatment services (particularly those providing psychological therapy and residential care) should be alert to Offending, especially violent and acquisitive crime, and enhance crime reduction interventions. Language: en

Dustin A Pardini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • unique dispositional precursors to early onset conduct problems and Criminal Offending in adulthood
    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2018
    Co-Authors: Dustin A Pardini, Amy L Byrd, Samuel W Hawes, Meagan Docherty
    Abstract:

    Objective The aims of this study were to examine whether dispositional interpersonal callousness, negative emotionality, and hyperactivity/impulsivity uniquely influence the development of childhood-onset conduct problems and persistent Criminal behavior in males, and to determine whether specific facets of negative emotionality (dysregulated anger versus anxiety) in childhood are differentially associated with the development of chronic antisocial behavior. Method Childhood dispositional features and conduct problems were assessed semiannually using parent- and teacher-report measures across 9 consecutive assessments in a school-based sample of 503 boys (∼7–11 years of age). Participants’ Criminal behavior was assessed using official records from adolescence into the early 30s. Results Interpersonal callousness, dysregulated anger, and hyperactivity/impulsivity were uniquely associated with the development of childhood-onset conduct problems. None of these features significantly predicted official records of juvenile Offending after controlling for co- occurring conduct problems. However, interpersonal callousness was robustly and uniquely associated with a pattern of persistent and violent adult Offending that continued into the early 30s. In contrast, anxiety problems were inversely associated with Criminal Offending in adolescence and adulthood after controlling for conduct problems and the other dispositional factors. Conclusion Findings are consistent with theoretical models indicating that interpersonal callousness, dysregulated anger, and hyperactivity/impulsivity influence the development of childhood conduct problems. In contrast, anxiety problems in childhood tend to reduce the likelihood that boys will engage in later Criminal Offending. Results suggest that delinquency prevention programs should target children exhibiting features of interpersonal callousness, given that they are at high risk for engaging in chronic and violent Offending in adulthood.

  • callous unemotional traits robustly predict future Criminal Offending in young men
    Law and Human Behavior, 2013
    Co-Authors: Rachel E Kahn, Amy L Byrd, Dustin A Pardini
    Abstract:

    Callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., lack of empathy, deficient guilt/remorse, and shallow affect) are a circumscribed facet of the adult psychopathic personality. Although several studies have found that adult psychopathy is a robust predictor of future Criminal Offending, research exploring the predictive utility of CU traits and future Offending are lacking. Moreover, empirical studies examining the predictive utility of psychopathic features often neglect to account for other well-documented risk factors (e.g., prior Offending, delinquent peers, marital status), and thus the incremental predictive utility of CU traits remains uncertain. To address these limitations, the current study examined the unique contribution of CU traits in the prediction of future Criminal Offending in a large ethnically diverse community sample of young adult males (Mean Age = 25.76, SD = .95). Official Criminal record information was collected approximately 3.5 years later using multiple sources. Results indicated that after controlling for several other well-established predictors of future Offending, men with elevated CU traits had a greater number of arrests and Criminal charges and were more likely to be charged with a serious offense and obstruction of justice. CU traits also predicted future theft for Caucasian men, but not African American men. Overall, the results support the notion that CU traits significantly add to the prediction of future Offending, even after controlling for several other risk factors.

  • Callous-unemotional traits robustly predict future Criminal Offending in young men.
    Law and Human Behavior, 2012
    Co-Authors: Rachel E Kahn, Amy L Byrd, Dustin A Pardini
    Abstract:

    Adults with high levels of psychopathic traits tend to demonstrate more severe and chronic patterns of antisocial behavior, including higher levels of recidivism and unremitting Criminality (Hart, Knopp, & Hare, 1988; Hemphill, Hare, & Wong, 1998; Kosson, Smith, & Newman, 1990; Serin, Peters, & Barbaree, 1990). The affective features of psychopathy, often referred to as callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., shallow affect, callousness, and lack of empathy/remorse), constitute a core component of this disorder (Cleckley, 1976; Hart & Hare, 1996). As such, substantial research has examined the clinical utility of CU traits for predicting future antisocial behavior across the life span. Evidence suggests CU traits are important for identifying both adolescents and adults who are at an increased risk for reOffending (Caputo, Frick, & Brodsky, 1999; Kruh, Frick, & Clements, 2005; Vincent, Vitacco, Grisso, & Corrado, 2003) and have a more severe and stable pattern of aggression (Edens, Campbell, & Weir, 2007; Leistico, Salekin, Decoster, & Rogers, 2008; Pardini & Fite, 2010). Despite recent advances, empirical work examining the predictive utility of CU traits within adult populations has been limited by a number of factors. First, studies often fail to comprehensively assess CU traits and only examine their utility in combination with other features of psychopathy, limiting firm conclusions about unique associations with Criminal Offending. Second, the utility of self-reported CU traits rather than interviewer ratings of these characteristics in the prediction of future Offending is rarely examined, despite the fact that self-report measures have advantages in terms of time efficiency and cost effectiveness. Lastly, studies rarely account for other known risk factors, such as prior Criminal history or peer delinquency, and as such little is known about the incremental predictive utility of CU traits.

Gregory M Zimmerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Stuart David Michael Thomas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.