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S P Morzaria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conservation of the sporozoite p67 vaccine antigen in cattle derived theileria parva stocks with different Cross Immunity profiles
Infection and Immunity, 1996Co-Authors: Vishvanath Nene, A J Musoke, E Gobright, S P MorzariaAbstract:Immunity to Theileria parva infection in cattle is often parasite stock specific. The antigenic diversity which is expressed at the schizont stage of the parasite together with a wild reservoir of the organism in buffalo has complicated the development of effective disease control by immunization. We have previously shown that about 70% of cattle inoculated with recombinant forms of p67, a sporozoite stage-specific surface antigen from the cattle-derived Muguga stock of the parasite, are immune to a homologous challenge. Thus, immune responses to p67 can play a role in Immunity. The genes encoding this protein in five other parasite stocks have been sequenced. Here, we report that the p67 molecule encoded by four cattle-derived parasite stocks (Boleni, Uganda, Mariakani, and Marikebuni) that fall into different Cross-Immunity groups is identical in sequence to Muguga p67. The protein encoded by a buffalo-derived parasite exhibits 95% sequence identity with Muguga p67, the major difference being the presence of a 43-residue peptide insert. As predicted by these data, cattle inoculated with recombinant p67 can resist a heterologous cattle-derived parasite challenge. Seven of 12 cattle receiving a homologous Muguga challenge and 6 of 11 cattle receiving a heterologous Marikebuni challenge were immune to East Coast fever. These results extend earlier data suggesting that p67 is a conserved molecule and confirm its potential as a broad-spectrum vaccine antigen for the control of T. parva infection.
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conservation of the sporozoite p67 vaccine antigen in cattle derived theileria parva stocks with different Cross Immunity profiles
Infection and Immunity, 1996Co-Authors: Vishvanath Nene, A J Musoke, E Gobright, S P MorzariaAbstract:Immunity to Theileria parva infection in cattle is often parasite stock specific. The antigenic diversity which is expressed at the schizont stage of the parasite together with a wild reservoir of the organism in buffalo has complicated the development of effective disease control by immunization. We have previously shown that about 70% of cattle inoculated with recombinant forms of p67, a sporozoite stage-specific surface antigen from the cattle-derived Muguga stock of the parasite, are immune to a homologous challenge. Thus, immune responses to p67 can play a role in Immunity. The genes encoding this protein in five other parasite stocks have been sequenced. Here, we report that the p67 molecule encoded by four cattle-derived parasite stocks (Boleni, Uganda, Mariakani, and Marikebuni) that fall into different Cross-Immunity groups is identical in sequence to Muguga p67. The protein encoded by a buffalo-derived parasite exhibits 95% sequence identity with Muguga p67, the major difference being the presence of a 43-residue peptide insert. As predicted by these data, cattle inoculated with recombinant p67 can resist a heterologous cattle-derived parasite challenge. Seven of 12 cattle receiving a homologous Muguga challenge and 6 of 11 cattle receiving a heterologous Marikebuni challenge were immune to East Coast fever. These results extend earlier data suggesting that p67 is a conserved molecule and confirm its potential as a broad-spectrum vaccine antigen for the control of T. parva infection.
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generation and characterization of cloned theileria parva parasites
Parasitology, 1995Co-Authors: S P Morzaria, T T Dolan, R A I Norval, Richard P Bishop, P R SpoonerAbstract:A 3-step procedure for cloning Theileria parva parasites was developed. The first step involved the in vitro infection of a fixed number of bovine lymphocytes with titrated sporozoites. The cell lines obtained from infections initiated using sporozoite/lymphocyte ratios below 1:100 were then selected for cloning as these contained schizont-infected cells, each of which was derived from infection with a single sporozoite. In the second step, these cell lines were cloned by limiting dilution. As sporozoites infect lymphocytes and transform to induce clonal multiplication, this step produced infected cell lines containing both cloned parasites and cloned lymphocytes. In the third step, the cloned cell lines were used to infect cattle and isolation of the parasite in ticks was made during piroplasm parasitaemia. Finally, sporozoites were harvested from infected ticks and used for further characterization. Sporozoites derived from cloned cell lines of T. parva Muguga, Marikebuni, Boleni, Uganda and buffalo-derived 7014 were characterized using monoclonal antibody profiles, DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism detected using repetitive and telomeric probes, in vivo infectivity and, in one case, Cross-Immunity studies. Additionally, several distinct schizont-infected lymphocyte clones were isolated from the Muguga, Mariakani and buffalo-derived 7014 stocks. The combined results of the characterization revealed that the cloning procedure selected clones of T. parva from the parental stocks which were known to contain a mixture of genetically different parasite populations. The cloning method and the clones generated will be of value in studies of the biology of the parasite and in elucidating the strain specificity of immune responses in cattle.
Martin C J Maiden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a natural host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of Cross-Immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a natural host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of Cross-Immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
Jouni Taskinen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between the endangered freshwater pearl mussel margaritifera margaritifera the duck mussel anodonta anatina and the fish host salmo acquired and Cross Immunity
Hydrobiologia, 2018Co-Authors: Motiur M R Chowdhury, Jouni K Salonen, Timo J Marjomaki, Jouni TaskinenAbstract:The common duck mussel Anodonta anatina can live in sympatry with—and use the same host, brown trout (Salmo trutta)—as the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. Since the glochidia release of A. anatina takes place seasonally earlier than that of M. margaritifera, brown trout can be sequentially exposed first to A. anatina and then to M. margaritifera. Cross-Immunity, an immune reaction induced in fish host against glochidia after the infection with glochidia of another mussel species, is possible. Thus, it was studied experimentally if brown trout can be Cross immunized against M. margaritifera by earlier infection with A. anatina. In addition, the hypothesis that consecutive exposures of same glochidial species in different years in the same host may create acquired Immunity was tested in brown trout against M. margaritifera. Furthermore, the dose dependence of acquired Immunity against M. margaritifera glochidia in the Atlantic salmon (S. salar) was also studied. Cross-Immunity was not found; suggesting that occurrence of A. anatina does not pose a threat to M. margaritifera. Instead, acquired Immunity and its dose dependence were evident, emphasizing the significance of availability of 0+ age group immunologically naive Atlantic salmon/brown trout for efficient conservation of M. margaritifera.
Frances M Colles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a natural host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of Cross-Immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
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dynamics of campylobacter colonization of a natural host sturnus vulgaris european starling
Environmental Microbiology, 2009Co-Authors: Frances M Colles, Noel D Mccarthy, J C Howe, C L Devereux, Andrew G Gosler, Martin C J MaidenAbstract:Wild European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) shed Campylobacter at high rates, suggesting that they may be a source of human and farm animal infection. A survey of Campylobacter shedding of 957 wild starlings was undertaken by culture of faecal specimens and genetic analysis of the campylobacters isolated: shedding rates were 30.6% for Campylobacter jejuni, 0.6% for C. coli and 6.3% for C. lari. Genotyping by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antigen sequence typing established that these bacteria were distinct from poultry or human disease isolates with the ST-177 and ST-682 clonal complexes possibly representing starling-adapted genotypes. There was seasonal variation in both shedding rate and genotypic diversity, both exhibiting a maximum during the late spring/early summer. Host age also affected Campylobacter shedding, which was higher in younger birds, and turnover was rapid with no evidence of Cross-Immunity among Campylobacter species or genotypes. In nestlings, C. jejuni shedding was evident from 9 days of age but siblings were not readily co-infected. The dynamics of Campylobacter infection of starlings differed from that observed in commercial poultry and consequently there was no evidence that wild starlings represent a major source of Campylobacter infections of food animals or humans.
Motiur M R Chowdhury - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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interaction between the endangered freshwater pearl mussel margaritifera margaritifera the duck mussel anodonta anatina and the fish host salmo acquired and Cross Immunity
Hydrobiologia, 2018Co-Authors: Motiur M R Chowdhury, Jouni K Salonen, Timo J Marjomaki, Jouni TaskinenAbstract:The common duck mussel Anodonta anatina can live in sympatry with—and use the same host, brown trout (Salmo trutta)—as the endangered freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera. Since the glochidia release of A. anatina takes place seasonally earlier than that of M. margaritifera, brown trout can be sequentially exposed first to A. anatina and then to M. margaritifera. Cross-Immunity, an immune reaction induced in fish host against glochidia after the infection with glochidia of another mussel species, is possible. Thus, it was studied experimentally if brown trout can be Cross immunized against M. margaritifera by earlier infection with A. anatina. In addition, the hypothesis that consecutive exposures of same glochidial species in different years in the same host may create acquired Immunity was tested in brown trout against M. margaritifera. Furthermore, the dose dependence of acquired Immunity against M. margaritifera glochidia in the Atlantic salmon (S. salar) was also studied. Cross-Immunity was not found; suggesting that occurrence of A. anatina does not pose a threat to M. margaritifera. Instead, acquired Immunity and its dose dependence were evident, emphasizing the significance of availability of 0+ age group immunologically naive Atlantic salmon/brown trout for efficient conservation of M. margaritifera.