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Charles F. Williams - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF SEED DISPERSAL IN THREE SYMPATRIC FOREST HERBS. I. HIERARCHICAL POPULATION‐GENETIC STRUCTURE
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 1994Co-Authors: Charles F. Williams, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:To examine the effects of seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure, we compare three sympatric species of forest herbs in the family Apiaceae whose fruits differ widely in morphological adaptations for animal-attached dispersal. Cryptotaenia canadensis has smooth fruits that are gravity dispersed, whereas Osmorhiza claytonii and Sanicula odorata fruits have appendages that facilitate their attachment to animals. The relative seed-dispersal ability among species, measured as their ability to remain attached to mammal fur, is ranked Sanicula > Osmorhiza > Cryptotaenia. We use a nested hierarchical sampling design to analyze genetic structure at spatial scales ranging from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. Genetic differentiation among population subdivisions, estimated by average genetic distance and hierarchical F-statistics, has an inverse relationship with dispersal ability such that Cryptotaenia > Osmorhiza > Sanicula. In each species, genetic differentiation increases with distance among population subdivisions. Stochastic variation in gene flow, arising from seed dispersal by attachment to animals, may partly explain the weak relationship between pairwise spatial and genetic distance among populations and heterogeneity in estimates of single locus F-statistics. A hierarchical island model of gene flow is invoked to describe the effects of seed dispersal on population genetic structure. Seed dispersal is the predominant factor affecting variation in gene flow among these ecologically similar, taxonomically related species.
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GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF SEED DISPERSAL IN THREE SYMPATRIC FOREST HERBS. II. MICROSPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE WITHIN POPULATIONS.
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 1994Co-Authors: Charles F. WilliamsAbstract:Significant spatial genetic differentiation over short distances was detected by F-statistics and spatial autocorrelation within populations of the temperate forest herbs Cryptotaenia canadensis, Osmorhiza claytonii and Sanicula odorata (Apiaceae). Differences among the three species were consistent with estimates of their seed-dispersal abilities. Populations of Cryptotaenia, with the most limited seed dispersal, are characterized by genetic structure at smaller spatial scales than those of Osmorhiza or Sanicula, as indicated by higher estimates of θ(Fst ), larger autocorrelation coefficients, and correlograms with more distant x-intercepts. Although spatial autocorrelation was somewhat more sensitive to the distribution of rare alleles than F-statistics, the two methods were generally concordant. Genetic structure was more pronounced, and inbreeding coefficients larger, in low-density, patchy populations than in a high-density site. Observed patterns of spatial autocorrelation, particularly for Cryptotaenia, were in agreement with expectations based on simulations of isolation by distance. The magnitude of observed autocorrelations was less than those typically produced in computer-simulation studies, but this discrepancy between empirical and theoretical results probably is derived from a lack of genetic and demographic equilibrium in natural populations. Isolation by distance can be an important evolutionary force organizing spatial genetic structure in plant populations, particularly in predominantly self-fertilizing species such as those studied here.
Stephen R Downie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intercontinental disjunctions in
2014Co-Authors: Cryptotaenia Oenantheae, Stephen R Downie, Krzysztof Spalik, Department Of Plant Systematics, Correspondence Krzysztof SpalikAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva)
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Phylogenetic position of African and Malagasy Pimpinella species and related genera (Apiaceae, Pimpinelleae)
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 2010Co-Authors: Anthony Richard Magee, Patricia M. Tilney, Ben-erik Wyk, Stephen R DownieAbstract:The phylogenetic position of the African and Malagasy species of Pimpinella is assessed using nrDNA ITS sequence data and a representative sampling of the genus, including 16 species from Africa and Madagascar and 26 species from Eurasia. The results of maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of these data show that the African and Malagasy species ally with their Eurasian counterparts in Pimpinelleae. The genus Pimpinella is rendered paraphyletic by the inclusion of African Cryptotaenia and the small African and Malagasy endemic genera Frommia and Phellolophium . Within a paraphyletic Pimpinella , three major clades are recovered, with the African species occupying two of these clades. The current sectional classification of the genus, based predominantly on fruit vestiture, is largely artificial. Chromosome base number, however, was found to be consistent with the groupings recovered in the molecular analyses. Those African and Malagasy Pimpinella species with a chromosome base number of x = 11 and largely glabrous petals and fruits, form the earliest diverging clade together with Frommia , which also has a base count of n = 11 and glabrous petals and fruits. The remaining African species ally with several Eurasian species of Pimpinella and share a chromosome base number of x = 9 and usually hairy petals and fruits.
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generic delimitations within the sium alliance apiaceae tribe oenantheae inferred from cpdna rps16 5 trnk uuu and nrdna its sequences
Taxon, 2009Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R Downie, Mark F WatsonAbstract:Previous studies of the Sium alliance within Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae, based only on nrDNA ITS sequences, revealed that the genera Sium and Berula may not be monophyletic. To confirm issues of relationships and implement nomenclatural changes, we obtained additional ITS sequences as well as independent data from the cpDNA rps16-5'trnK( UUU ) region which includes the rps16 intron and the spacer region between genes rps16 and 5'trnK. We examined 78 accessions of tribe Oenantheae including representatives of all 23 species of the Sium alliance (Afrocarum, 1 sp.; Apium pro partel/Helosciadium, 5 spp.; Berula, 1 sp.; Cryptotaenia, 4 spp.; Sium, 12 spp.). Results of Bayesian analysis and maximum parsimony analyses of partitioned and combined data revealed that the Sium alliance is strongly supported as monophyletic. Within this clade, four major subclades are resolved. Three of these subclades comprise species that were traditionally placed in Cryptotaenia, HelosciadiumlApium pro parte, and Sium s.str. (9 spp.). A restitution of the genus Helosciadium, including all Eurasian species ofApium with the exception of A. graveolens, the generitype, is supported by both molecular data and morphology. The fourth subclade, Berula sensu lato, encompasses all representatives of a widely distributed B. erecta, a monotypic African Afrocarum, and three members of Sium from Africa (S. repandum) and Saint Helena (S. bracteatum, S. burchellii). The Sium species from Saint Helena form a sister group to African representatives of B. erecta. The Berula sensu lato clade is recognized at the generic level and these four African/Saint Helena species are transferred into Berula. African and North American populations of B. erecta are distinct from their Eurasian relatives and are therefore proposed to be treated as separate species (B. thunbergii and B. incisa, respectively).
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intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia apiaceae oenantheae an appraisal using molecular data
Journal of Biogeography, 2007Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R DownieAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva). Results Cryptotaenia is polyphyletic and includes three distant lineages. (1) Cryptotaenia sensu stricto (C. canadensis, C. japonica, C. flahaultii and C. thomasii) is maintained within tribe Oenantheae; C. canadensis and C. japonica, representing an eastern North American–eastern Asian disjunction pattern, are confirmed to be sister species. (2) Cryptotaenia elegans, endemic to the Canary Islands, is placed within Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae along with two woody endemics of Madeira, Monizia edulis and Melanoselinum decipiens. The phylogeny of these Canarian and Madeiran endemics is unresolved. Either they constitute a monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising some Mediterranean and African species of Daucus and their relatives, or they are paraphyletic to this clade. The herbaceous/woody genus Tornabenea from Cape Verde, once included in Melanoselinum, is not closely related to the other Macaronesian endemics but to Daucus carota. (3) The African members of Cryptotaenia (C. africana, C. calycina and possibly C. polygama) comprise a clade with some African and Madagascan umbellifers; this entire clade is sister group to Eurasian Pimpinella. Main conclusions Elucidating the phylogeny of the biogeographically anomalous Cryptotaenia sensu lato enabled hypotheses on the biogeography of its constituent lineages. Cryptotaenia sensu stricto exhibits a holarctic distribution pattern, with its members occurring in regions that were important glacial refugia. The genus probably originated in eastern Asia and from there dispersed to Europe and North America. For the Macaronesian endemic species –C. elegans, M. edulis and M. decipiens–diva reconstructs either a single dispersal event to Macaronesia from the Mediterranean/African region, or a single dispersal followed by a back-dispersal to the mainland. The radiation of Tornabenea from Cape Verde followed a second dispersal of Daucinae to Macaronesia. Woodiness in Melanoselinum/Monizia and Tornabenea, therefore, is a derived and independently acquired trait. The African members of Cryptotaenia are derived from an ancestor arriving from the Middle East.
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intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia apiaceae oenantheae an appraisal using molecular data
Journal of Biogeography, 2007Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R DownieAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva). Results Cryptotaenia is polyphyletic and includes three distant lineages. (1) Cryptotaenia sensu stricto (C. canadensis, C. japonica, C. flahaultii and C. thomasii) is maintained within tribe Oenantheae; C. canadensis and C. japonica, representing an eastern North American–eastern Asian disjunction pattern, are confirmed to be sister species. (2) Cryptotaenia elegans, endemic to the Canary Islands, is placed within Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae along with two woody endemics of Madeira, Monizia edulis and Melanoselinum decipiens. The phylogeny of these Canarian and Madeiran endemics is unresolved. Either they constitute a monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising some Mediterranean and African species of Daucus and their relatives, or they are paraphyletic to this clade. The herbaceous/woody genus Tornabenea from Cape Verde, once included in Melanoselinum, is not closely related to the other Macaronesian endemics but to Daucus carota. (3) The African members of Cryptotaenia (C. africana, C. calycina and possibly C. polygama) comprise a clade with some African and Madagascan umbellifers; this entire clade is sister group to Eurasian Pimpinella. Main conclusions Elucidating the phylogeny of the biogeographically anomalous Cryptotaenia sensu lato enabled hypotheses on the biogeography of its constituent lineages. Cryptotaenia sensu stricto exhibits a holarctic distribution pattern, with its members occurring in regions that were important glacial refugia. The genus probably originated in eastern Asia and from there dispersed to Europe and North America. For the Macaronesian endemic species –C. elegans, M. edulis and M. decipiens–diva reconstructs either a single dispersal event to Macaronesia from the Mediterranean/African region, or a single dispersal followed by a back-dispersal to the mainland. The radiation of Tornabenea from Cape Verde followed a second dispersal of Daucinae to Macaronesia. Woodiness in Melanoselinum/Monizia and Tornabenea, therefore, is a derived and independently acquired trait. The African members of Cryptotaenia are derived from an ancestor arriving from the Middle East.
Krzysztof Spalik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Intercontinental disjunctions in
2014Co-Authors: Cryptotaenia Oenantheae, Stephen R Downie, Krzysztof Spalik, Department Of Plant Systematics, Correspondence Krzysztof SpalikAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva)
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generic delimitations within the sium alliance apiaceae tribe oenantheae inferred from cpdna rps16 5 trnk uuu and nrdna its sequences
Taxon, 2009Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R Downie, Mark F WatsonAbstract:Previous studies of the Sium alliance within Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae, based only on nrDNA ITS sequences, revealed that the genera Sium and Berula may not be monophyletic. To confirm issues of relationships and implement nomenclatural changes, we obtained additional ITS sequences as well as independent data from the cpDNA rps16-5'trnK( UUU ) region which includes the rps16 intron and the spacer region between genes rps16 and 5'trnK. We examined 78 accessions of tribe Oenantheae including representatives of all 23 species of the Sium alliance (Afrocarum, 1 sp.; Apium pro partel/Helosciadium, 5 spp.; Berula, 1 sp.; Cryptotaenia, 4 spp.; Sium, 12 spp.). Results of Bayesian analysis and maximum parsimony analyses of partitioned and combined data revealed that the Sium alliance is strongly supported as monophyletic. Within this clade, four major subclades are resolved. Three of these subclades comprise species that were traditionally placed in Cryptotaenia, HelosciadiumlApium pro parte, and Sium s.str. (9 spp.). A restitution of the genus Helosciadium, including all Eurasian species ofApium with the exception of A. graveolens, the generitype, is supported by both molecular data and morphology. The fourth subclade, Berula sensu lato, encompasses all representatives of a widely distributed B. erecta, a monotypic African Afrocarum, and three members of Sium from Africa (S. repandum) and Saint Helena (S. bracteatum, S. burchellii). The Sium species from Saint Helena form a sister group to African representatives of B. erecta. The Berula sensu lato clade is recognized at the generic level and these four African/Saint Helena species are transferred into Berula. African and North American populations of B. erecta are distinct from their Eurasian relatives and are therefore proposed to be treated as separate species (B. thunbergii and B. incisa, respectively).
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intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia apiaceae oenantheae an appraisal using molecular data
Journal of Biogeography, 2007Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R DownieAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva). Results Cryptotaenia is polyphyletic and includes three distant lineages. (1) Cryptotaenia sensu stricto (C. canadensis, C. japonica, C. flahaultii and C. thomasii) is maintained within tribe Oenantheae; C. canadensis and C. japonica, representing an eastern North American–eastern Asian disjunction pattern, are confirmed to be sister species. (2) Cryptotaenia elegans, endemic to the Canary Islands, is placed within Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae along with two woody endemics of Madeira, Monizia edulis and Melanoselinum decipiens. The phylogeny of these Canarian and Madeiran endemics is unresolved. Either they constitute a monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising some Mediterranean and African species of Daucus and their relatives, or they are paraphyletic to this clade. The herbaceous/woody genus Tornabenea from Cape Verde, once included in Melanoselinum, is not closely related to the other Macaronesian endemics but to Daucus carota. (3) The African members of Cryptotaenia (C. africana, C. calycina and possibly C. polygama) comprise a clade with some African and Madagascan umbellifers; this entire clade is sister group to Eurasian Pimpinella. Main conclusions Elucidating the phylogeny of the biogeographically anomalous Cryptotaenia sensu lato enabled hypotheses on the biogeography of its constituent lineages. Cryptotaenia sensu stricto exhibits a holarctic distribution pattern, with its members occurring in regions that were important glacial refugia. The genus probably originated in eastern Asia and from there dispersed to Europe and North America. For the Macaronesian endemic species –C. elegans, M. edulis and M. decipiens–diva reconstructs either a single dispersal event to Macaronesia from the Mediterranean/African region, or a single dispersal followed by a back-dispersal to the mainland. The radiation of Tornabenea from Cape Verde followed a second dispersal of Daucinae to Macaronesia. Woodiness in Melanoselinum/Monizia and Tornabenea, therefore, is a derived and independently acquired trait. The African members of Cryptotaenia are derived from an ancestor arriving from the Middle East.
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intercontinental disjunctions in Cryptotaenia apiaceae oenantheae an appraisal using molecular data
Journal of Biogeography, 2007Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R DownieAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns. Location Eastern North America, eastern Asia, the Caucasus, southern Italy, Macaronesia and Africa. Methods In total, 173 accessions were examined for nuclear rDNA ITS sequence variation, representing nearly all major lineages of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae and seven species of Cryptotaenia. Sampling of tribes Oenantheae, Scandiceae and Pimpinelleae was comprehensive. Phylogenetic analyses included Bayesian, maximum parsimony and neighbour-joining methods; biogeographical scenarios were inferred using dispersal–vicariance analysis (diva). Results Cryptotaenia is polyphyletic and includes three distant lineages. (1) Cryptotaenia sensu stricto (C. canadensis, C. japonica, C. flahaultii and C. thomasii) is maintained within tribe Oenantheae; C. canadensis and C. japonica, representing an eastern North American–eastern Asian disjunction pattern, are confirmed to be sister species. (2) Cryptotaenia elegans, endemic to the Canary Islands, is placed within Scandiceae subtribe Daucinae along with two woody endemics of Madeira, Monizia edulis and Melanoselinum decipiens. The phylogeny of these Canarian and Madeiran endemics is unresolved. Either they constitute a monophyletic sister group to a clade comprising some Mediterranean and African species of Daucus and their relatives, or they are paraphyletic to this clade. The herbaceous/woody genus Tornabenea from Cape Verde, once included in Melanoselinum, is not closely related to the other Macaronesian endemics but to Daucus carota. (3) The African members of Cryptotaenia (C. africana, C. calycina and possibly C. polygama) comprise a clade with some African and Madagascan umbellifers; this entire clade is sister group to Eurasian Pimpinella. Main conclusions Elucidating the phylogeny of the biogeographically anomalous Cryptotaenia sensu lato enabled hypotheses on the biogeography of its constituent lineages. Cryptotaenia sensu stricto exhibits a holarctic distribution pattern, with its members occurring in regions that were important glacial refugia. The genus probably originated in eastern Asia and from there dispersed to Europe and North America. For the Macaronesian endemic species –C. elegans, M. edulis and M. decipiens–diva reconstructs either a single dispersal event to Macaronesia from the Mediterranean/African region, or a single dispersal followed by a back-dispersal to the mainland. The radiation of Tornabenea from Cape Verde followed a second dispersal of Daucinae to Macaronesia. Woodiness in Melanoselinum/Monizia and Tornabenea, therefore, is a derived and independently acquired trait. The African members of Cryptotaenia are derived from an ancestor arriving from the Middle East.
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Cryptotaenia (Apiaceae, Oenantheae): an appraisal using molecular data
2007Co-Authors: Krzysztof Spalik, Stephen R DownieAbstract:Aim The angiosperm genus Cryptotaenia (family Apiaceae, tribe Oenantheae) exhibits an anomalous distribution pattern, with five of its eight species being narrow endemics geographically isolated from their presumed relatives. We examined the monophyly of the genus and ascertained the phylogenetic placements of its constituent members in order to explain their distribution patterns.
Raymond P. Guries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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GENETIC CONSEQUENCES OF SEED DISPERSAL IN THREE SYMPATRIC FOREST HERBS. I. HIERARCHICAL POPULATION‐GENETIC STRUCTURE
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution, 1994Co-Authors: Charles F. Williams, Raymond P. GuriesAbstract:To examine the effects of seed dispersal on spatial genetic structure, we compare three sympatric species of forest herbs in the family Apiaceae whose fruits differ widely in morphological adaptations for animal-attached dispersal. Cryptotaenia canadensis has smooth fruits that are gravity dispersed, whereas Osmorhiza claytonii and Sanicula odorata fruits have appendages that facilitate their attachment to animals. The relative seed-dispersal ability among species, measured as their ability to remain attached to mammal fur, is ranked Sanicula > Osmorhiza > Cryptotaenia. We use a nested hierarchical sampling design to analyze genetic structure at spatial scales ranging from a few meters to hundreds of kilometers. Genetic differentiation among population subdivisions, estimated by average genetic distance and hierarchical F-statistics, has an inverse relationship with dispersal ability such that Cryptotaenia > Osmorhiza > Sanicula. In each species, genetic differentiation increases with distance among population subdivisions. Stochastic variation in gene flow, arising from seed dispersal by attachment to animals, may partly explain the weak relationship between pairwise spatial and genetic distance among populations and heterogeneity in estimates of single locus F-statistics. A hierarchical island model of gene flow is invoked to describe the effects of seed dispersal on population genetic structure. Seed dispersal is the predominant factor affecting variation in gene flow among these ecologically similar, taxonomically related species.
Ho-young Choi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Protective effect of the methanol extract from Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo
BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Hee Kang, Tae-sun Bang, Ji-won Lee, Jae-hwan Lew, Seok Hyun Eom, Kyungjin Lee, Ho-young ChoiAbstract:In folk medicine, the aerial part of Crytotaenia japonica Hassk. (CJ), is applied for treatment of the common cold, cough, urinary problems, pneumonia, and skin rashes. In this paper, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of CJ methanol extract was tested using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory models. We measured nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory cytokine levels from LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Also, several cellular signaling molecules which regulate the expressions of these inflammatory markers were examined. Finally, we tested whether oral administration of CJ methanol extract might affect the serum cytokine levels in LPS-injected mice. CJ methanol extract reduced NO release via iNOS protein inhibition. The extract was also shown to decrease the secretions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. Analysis of signaling molecules showed that CJ inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 as well as IκBα degradation. Finally, CJ decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-injected mice. Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of CJ methanol extract and its possible underlying mechanisms that involve modulation of IκBα, MAPK, and STAT1 activities.
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Protective effect of the methanol extract from Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Hee Kang, Tae-sun Bang, Ji-won Lee, Jae-hwan Lew, Seok Hyun Eom, Kyungjin Lee, Ho-young ChoiAbstract:Background In folk medicine, the aerial part of Crytotaenia japonica Hassk. (CJ), is applied for treatment of the common cold, cough, urinary problems, pneumonia, and skin rashes. In this paper, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of CJ methanol extract was tested using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory models. Methods We measured nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and inflammatory cytokine levels from LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Also, several cellular signaling molecules which regulate the expressions of these inflammatory markers were examined. Finally, we tested whether oral administration of CJ methanol extract might affect the serum cytokine levels in LPS-injected mice. Results CJ methanol extract reduced NO release via iNOS protein inhibition. The extract was also shown to decrease the secretions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12. Analysis of signaling molecules showed that CJ inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT1, p38, JNK and ERK1/2 as well as IκBα degradation. Finally, CJ decreased the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-injected mice. Conclusions Our results demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of CJ methanol extract and its possible underlying mechanisms that involve modulation of IκBα, MAPK, and STAT1 activities.