The Experts below are selected from a list of 9870 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Vincenzo Zuccarello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
Martin Surbeck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioural diversity of bonobo prey preference as a potential Cultural Trait
eLife, 2020Co-Authors: Liran Samuni, Franziska Wegdell, Martin SurbeckAbstract:No human culture is quite like the next. Societies around the world show exceptional variety in their social norms, beliefs, customs, language and, of course, food. However, the origins of human culture still remain elusive. Studying humans’ closest living relatives, the great apes, is one way to explore how human culture first appeared. Chimpanzees are often studied for this purpose, but other great apes, such as bonobos, are often overlooked. Yet bonobos are less territorial and more tolerant to others than chimpanzees, with different bonobo groups sharing feeding spots and hunting grounds. These Traits actually make bonobos an ideal animal for investigating whether differences in group behaviour, such as feeding habits, are distinct Cultural trends or just a result of their surrounding environments. With this in mind, Samuni et al. studied the hunting and feeding patterns of two groups of wild bonobos in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The two groups share approximately 65% of their home territory, allowing Samuni et al. to examine whether any differences in hunting preferences persisted when the two groups looked for prey in the same environment. The analysis would reveal whether social factors or environmental conditions influenced the hunting and feeding habits of each group. Samuni et al. found the first bonobo group specialized in hunting duiker, a type of antelope, whereas the second group preferred to hunt tree-gliding rodents. However, the location and timing of the bonobo’s hunts did not determine which types of prey they hunted. Across their territory, and regardless of group size or the dynamics between males and females, the groups continued to hunt their preferred prey. This means ecology alone cannot explain bonobo feeding habits and instead, the findings provide a strong indication for Cultural variation between the two groups. Since social learning is a part of Cultural development, the next challenge will be to determine if and how these group hunting preferences are learned by young bonobos in their social group. For now, these findings provide a glimpse into the emergence of group culture.
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behavioural diversity of bonobo prey preference as a potential Cultural Trait
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Liran Samuni, Franziska Wegdell, Martin SurbeckAbstract:The importance of Cultural processes to behavioural diversity, especially in our closest living relatives, is central for revealing the evolutionary origins of human culture. Whereas potential Cultural Traits are extensively investigated in chimpanzees, our other closest living relative, the bonobo, is often overlooked as a candidate model. Further, a prominent critique to many examples of proposed animal cultures is premature exclusions of environmental confounds known to shape behavioural phenotypes. We addressed these gaps by investigating variation in prey preference expression between neighbouring bonobo groups that associate and share largely overlapping home ranges. We find specific group preference for duiker or anomalure hunting that are otherwise unexplained by variation in spatial usage of hunt locations, seasonality or sizes of hunting parties. Our findings demonstrate that group-specific behaviours emerge independently of the local ecology, indicating that hunting techniques in bonobos may be Culturally transmitted. We suggest that the tolerant intergroup relations of bonobos offer an ideal context to explore drivers of behavioural phenotypes, the essential investigations for phylogenetic constructs of the evolutionary origins of culture.
Wawan Sujarwo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
Liran Samuni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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behavioural diversity of bonobo prey preference as a potential Cultural Trait
eLife, 2020Co-Authors: Liran Samuni, Franziska Wegdell, Martin SurbeckAbstract:No human culture is quite like the next. Societies around the world show exceptional variety in their social norms, beliefs, customs, language and, of course, food. However, the origins of human culture still remain elusive. Studying humans’ closest living relatives, the great apes, is one way to explore how human culture first appeared. Chimpanzees are often studied for this purpose, but other great apes, such as bonobos, are often overlooked. Yet bonobos are less territorial and more tolerant to others than chimpanzees, with different bonobo groups sharing feeding spots and hunting grounds. These Traits actually make bonobos an ideal animal for investigating whether differences in group behaviour, such as feeding habits, are distinct Cultural trends or just a result of their surrounding environments. With this in mind, Samuni et al. studied the hunting and feeding patterns of two groups of wild bonobos in the Kokolopori Bonobo Reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The two groups share approximately 65% of their home territory, allowing Samuni et al. to examine whether any differences in hunting preferences persisted when the two groups looked for prey in the same environment. The analysis would reveal whether social factors or environmental conditions influenced the hunting and feeding habits of each group. Samuni et al. found the first bonobo group specialized in hunting duiker, a type of antelope, whereas the second group preferred to hunt tree-gliding rodents. However, the location and timing of the bonobo’s hunts did not determine which types of prey they hunted. Across their territory, and regardless of group size or the dynamics between males and females, the groups continued to hunt their preferred prey. This means ecology alone cannot explain bonobo feeding habits and instead, the findings provide a strong indication for Cultural variation between the two groups. Since social learning is a part of Cultural development, the next challenge will be to determine if and how these group hunting preferences are learned by young bonobos in their social group. For now, these findings provide a glimpse into the emergence of group culture.
-
behavioural diversity of bonobo prey preference as a potential Cultural Trait
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Liran Samuni, Franziska Wegdell, Martin SurbeckAbstract:The importance of Cultural processes to behavioural diversity, especially in our closest living relatives, is central for revealing the evolutionary origins of human culture. Whereas potential Cultural Traits are extensively investigated in chimpanzees, our other closest living relative, the bonobo, is often overlooked as a candidate model. Further, a prominent critique to many examples of proposed animal cultures is premature exclusions of environmental confounds known to shape behavioural phenotypes. We addressed these gaps by investigating variation in prey preference expression between neighbouring bonobo groups that associate and share largely overlapping home ranges. We find specific group preference for duiker or anomalure hunting that are otherwise unexplained by variation in spatial usage of hunt locations, seasonality or sizes of hunting parties. Our findings demonstrate that group-specific behaviours emerge independently of the local ecology, indicating that hunting techniques in bonobos may be Culturally transmitted. We suggest that the tolerant intergroup relations of bonobos offer an ideal context to explore drivers of behavioural phenotypes, the essential investigations for phylogenetic constructs of the evolutionary origins of culture.
Giulia Caneva - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
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Bio-Cultural Traits and Cultural Keystone Species, a Combined Approach: an Example of Application About Plants Used for Food and Nutraceutical Purposes in Aga Villages in Bali, Indonesia
Human Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Wawan Sujarwo, Giulia Caneva, Vincenzo ZuccarelloAbstract:Wild and semi-wild plants are factual resources for a local community when they satisfy its needs. According to the bio-Cultural approach, these plants and associated knowledge help define the Cultural identity of each community, and ethnobotanical plants constitute a particular facet of the Cultural relationships between people and nature. By referring to the concept of Cultural Keystone Species (CKS), a group of species considered in the same way within a community represents a homogeneous bio-Cultural Trait. We tested the hypothesis that the CKS model and the related index, the Identified Cultural Importance (ICI) of species, could be useful tools to Culturally define and describe groups of species as bio-Cultural Traits. As a dataset to test this hypothesis we considered the wild and semi-wild plants used for food and nutraceutical purposes in 13 Aga villages in Bali. Data were collected through an ethnobotanical study in 2014. A multivariate analysis method based on the Fuzzy Set Theory was used to perform quantitative analyses to find clusters of plants. The Graph Theory was instead applied in order to detect trajectories and similarity gradients in the system of groups of species. The results confirmed that groups of species can be considered as bio-Cultural Traits, spreading within a Cultural area in different ways and conveying information about their relationship with the native culture. The ICI index and CKS concept helped us to interpret the bio-Cultural Traits in terms of their Cultural salience, considering them as general descriptors of the bio-Cultural system of a community according to bio-Cultural diversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. In the case of the Bali Aga villages, the partition of species showed 11 groups, and several species resulted of relevant Cultural importance. Among them, Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. can be considered a CKS.
