The Experts below are selected from a list of 2268 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel Rosenfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The time-space exchangeability of satellite retrieved relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2006Co-Authors: Itamar M. Lensky, Daniel RosenfeldAbstract:A 3-minute 3-km rapid scan of the METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite over southern Africa was applied to tracking the evolution of cloud top temperature (T) and particle effective radius (re) of convective elements. The evolution of T-re relations showed little dependence on time, leaving re to depend almost exclusively on T. Furthermore, cloud elements that fully grew to large Cumulonimbus stature had the same T-re relations as other clouds in the same area with limited development that decayed without ever becoming a Cumulonimbus. Therefore, a snap shot of T-re relations over a cloud field provides the same relations as composed from tracking the time evolution of T and re of individual clouds, and then compositing them. This is the essence of exchangeability of time and space scales, i.e., ergodicity, of the T-re relations for convective clouds. This property has allowed inference of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds with a snap shot from a polar orbiter. The fundamental causes for the ergodicity are suggested to be the observed stability of re for a given height above cloud base in a convective cloud, and the constant renewal of growing cloud tops with cloud bubbles that replace the cloud tops with fresh cloud matter from below.
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The time-space exchangeability of satellite retrieved relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: Itamar M. Lensky, Daniel RosenfeldAbstract:A 3-min 3-km rapid scan of the METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite over southern Africa was applied to tracking the evolution of cloud top temperature (T) and particle effective radius (re) of convective elements. The evolution of T-re relations showed little dependence on time, leaving re to depend almost exclusively on T. Furthermore, cloud elements that fully grew to large Cumulonimbus stature had the same T-re relations as other clouds in the same area with limited development that decayed without ever becoming a Cumulonimbus. Therefore, a snap shot of T-re relations over a cloud field provides the same relations as composed from tracking the time evolution of T and re of individual clouds, and then compositing them. This is the essence of exchangeability of time and space scales, i.e., ergodicity, of the T-re relations for convective clouds. This property has allowed inference of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds with a snap shot from a polar orbiter. The fundamental causes for the ergodicity are suggested to be the observed stability of re for a given height above cloud base in a convective cloud, and the constant renewal of growing cloud tops with cloud bubbles that replace the cloud tops with fresh cloud matter from below.
D. Larko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyro‐Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3–4 August 1998
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Rene Servranckx, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and “pure” smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above ∼430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
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pyro Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern canada on 3 4 august 1998
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Rene Servranckx, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and “pure” smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above ∼430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
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Pyro-Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada
2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and ‘‘pure’’ smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above 430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
Itamar M. Lensky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The time-space exchangeability of satellite retrieved relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2006Co-Authors: Itamar M. Lensky, Daniel RosenfeldAbstract:A 3-minute 3-km rapid scan of the METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite over southern Africa was applied to tracking the evolution of cloud top temperature (T) and particle effective radius (re) of convective elements. The evolution of T-re relations showed little dependence on time, leaving re to depend almost exclusively on T. Furthermore, cloud elements that fully grew to large Cumulonimbus stature had the same T-re relations as other clouds in the same area with limited development that decayed without ever becoming a Cumulonimbus. Therefore, a snap shot of T-re relations over a cloud field provides the same relations as composed from tracking the time evolution of T and re of individual clouds, and then compositing them. This is the essence of exchangeability of time and space scales, i.e., ergodicity, of the T-re relations for convective clouds. This property has allowed inference of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds with a snap shot from a polar orbiter. The fundamental causes for the ergodicity are suggested to be the observed stability of re for a given height above cloud base in a convective cloud, and the constant renewal of growing cloud tops with cloud bubbles that replace the cloud tops with fresh cloud matter from below.
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The time-space exchangeability of satellite retrieved relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2005Co-Authors: Itamar M. Lensky, Daniel RosenfeldAbstract:A 3-min 3-km rapid scan of the METEOSAT Second Generation geostationary satellite over southern Africa was applied to tracking the evolution of cloud top temperature (T) and particle effective radius (re) of convective elements. The evolution of T-re relations showed little dependence on time, leaving re to depend almost exclusively on T. Furthermore, cloud elements that fully grew to large Cumulonimbus stature had the same T-re relations as other clouds in the same area with limited development that decayed without ever becoming a Cumulonimbus. Therefore, a snap shot of T-re relations over a cloud field provides the same relations as composed from tracking the time evolution of T and re of individual clouds, and then compositing them. This is the essence of exchangeability of time and space scales, i.e., ergodicity, of the T-re relations for convective clouds. This property has allowed inference of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds with a snap shot from a polar orbiter. The fundamental causes for the ergodicity are suggested to be the observed stability of re for a given height above cloud base in a convective cloud, and the constant renewal of growing cloud tops with cloud bubbles that replace the cloud tops with fresh cloud matter from below.
Michael Fromm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pyro‐Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada on 3–4 August 1998
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Rene Servranckx, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and “pure” smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above ∼430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
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pyro Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern canada on 3 4 august 1998
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, Rene Servranckx, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and “pure” smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above ∼430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
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Pyro-Cumulonimbus injection of smoke to the stratosphere: Observations and impact of a super blowup in northwestern Canada
2005Co-Authors: Michael Fromm, Jay R. Herman, James M. Rosen, Jeffrey P. Thayer, Richard M. Bevilacqua, D. LarkoAbstract:[1] We report observations and analysis of a pyro-Cumulonimbus event in the midst of a boreal forest fire blowup in Northwest Territories Canada, near Norman Wells, on 3–4 August 1998. We find that this blowup caused a five-fold increase in lower stratospheric aerosol burden, as well as multiple reports of anomalous enhancements of tropospheric gases and aerosols across Europe 1 week later. Our observations come from solar occultation satellites (POAM III and SAGE II), nadir imagers (GOES, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, DMSP), TOMS, lidar, and backscattersonde. First, we provide a detailed analysis of the 3 August eruption of extreme pyro-convection. This includes identifying the specific pyro-Cumulonimbus cells that caused the lower stratospheric aerosol injection, and a meteorological analysis. Next, we characterize the altitude, composition, and opacity of the post-convection smoke plume on 4–7 August. Finally, the stratospheric impact of this injection is analyzed. Satellite images reveal two noteworthy pyro-Cumulonimbus phenomena: (1) an active-convection cloud top containing enough smoke to visibly alter the reflectivity of the cloud anvil in the Upper Troposphere Lower Stratosphere (UTLS) and (2) a smoke plume, that endured for at least 2 hours, atop an anvil. The smoke pall deposited by the Norman Wells pyro-convection was a very large, optically dense, UTLS-level plume on 4 August that exhibited a mesoscale cyclonic circulation. An analysis of plume color/texture from SeaWiFS data, aerosol index, and brightness temperature establishes the extreme altitude and ‘‘pure’’ smoke composition of this unique plume. We show what we believe to be a first-ever measurement of strongly enhanced ozone in the lower stratosphere mingled with smoke layers. We conclude that two to four extreme pyro-thunderstorms near Norman Wells created a smoke injection of hemispheric scope that substantially increased stratospheric optical depth, transported aerosols 7 km above the tropopause (above 430 K potential temperature), and also perturbed lower stratospheric ozone.
Kazuhisa Tsuboki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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2006: Dimension characteristics and precipitation efficiency of Cumulonimbus clouds in the region SEPTEMBER 2010
2016Co-Authors: Yukari Shusse, Kazuhisa TsubokiAbstract:Dimension characteristics in precipitation properties of Cumulonimbus clouds are basic parameters in understanding the vertical transport of water vapor in the atmosphere. In this study, the dimension char-acteristics and precipitation efficiency of Cumulonimbus clouds observed in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) are studied using data from X-band Doppler radars and upper-air soundings. The maximum echo area (EAmax) of the Cumulonimbus clouds ranged from 0.5 to 470 km 2, and the maximum echo top (ETmax) ranged from 2 to 19 km. The total number of cells (TNC) within the Cumulonimbus clouds over their lifetime was from 1 to 25. The ETmax, TNC, area time integral (ATI), and total rainfall amount (Rtot) strongly correlate with the EAmax of the Cumulonimbus clouds. The cell-averaged ATI (ATIcell ATI/TNC), maximum rainfall intensity (RImax), and cell-averaged rainfall amount (Rcell Rtot/TNC) increase when the EAmax is smaller than 100 km2. On the other hand, they are almost constant when the EAmax is larger than 100 km 2. The rai
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Dimension Characteristics and Precipitation Efficiency of Cumulonimbus Clouds in the Region Far South from the Mei-Yu Front over the Eastern Asian Continent
Monthly Weather Review, 2006Co-Authors: Yukari Shusse, Kazuhisa TsubokiAbstract:Abstract Dimension characteristics in precipitation properties of Cumulonimbus clouds are basic parameters in understanding the vertical transport of water vapor in the atmosphere. In this study, the dimension characteristics and precipitation efficiency of Cumulonimbus clouds observed in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) Huaihe River Basin Experiment (HUBEX) are studied using data from X-band Doppler radars and upper-air soundings. The maximum echo area (EAmax) of the Cumulonimbus clouds ranged from 0.5 to 470 km2, and the maximum echo top (ETmax) ranged from 2 to 19 km. The total number of cells (TNC) within the Cumulonimbus clouds over their lifetime was from 1 to 25. The ETmax, TNC, area time integral (ATI), and total rainfall amount (Rtot) strongly correlate with the EAmax of the Cumulonimbus clouds. The cell-averaged ATI (ATIcell = ATI/TNC), maximum rainfall intensity (RImax), and cell-averaged rainfall amount (Rcell = Rtot/TNC) increase when the EA...
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Structure and Evolution of a Cumulonimbus Cloud Developed over a Mountain Slope with the Arrival of Sea Breeze in Summer
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 2006Co-Authors: Tetsuya Sano, Kazuhisa TsubokiAbstract:Cumulonimbus clouds frequently develop over mountains, a plain, and the sea in the summer in association with thermally induced local circulations. On July 5, 2000, when the sea breeze from the Pacific Ocean blew over the Noubi Plain and arrived at the slope of the Ibuki Mountains where a valley wind circulation developed, a Cumulonimbus cloud occurred over the slope of the Ibuki Mountains. In this paper, the structure and evolution of the Cumulonimbus cloud are investigated using the data of Doppler radars.The direction of the environmental vertical wind shear was southeast, which is parallel to the slope of the Ibuki Mountains, when the Cumulonimbus cloud occurred. The Cumulonimbus cloud maintained forabout 2 hours. The Cumulonimbus cloud consisted of groups of precipitating cells; “Primary Cell” and “Secondary Cells.” The former developed with tilting toward the downshear side and moved down the slope. The latter developed almost uprightly on the upshear side of the Primary cell. There were 6 groups of cells in the Cumulonimbus cloud.The developing process and structure of group C, which was the most intense group, were investigated in detail. After Primary Cell C1, with tilting toward the downshear side, developed, Secondary Cells C2, C3 and C4 of group C developed on the upshear side (the Ibuki Mountains side) of cell C1. An outflow from cell C1 toward the upshear side of cell C1 lifted the low-level air. Cells C2, C3 and C4 developed almost uprightly on the upshear side of cell C1, where the convection of cell C1 weakened the venical wind shear. Cells C3 and C4 had maximum reflectivety of over 50 dBZ and the echo top of 15 km above sea level (ASL). Cells C3 and C4 developed explosively in the group C due to the horizontal convergence at the middle layer, which was strengthened by the outflow from cell C2, the northeasterly inflow toward cells C3 and C4, and the lifted low-level air on the Ibuki Mountains side.
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structure and evolution of deeply developed convective cells in a long lived Cumulonimbus cloud under a weak vertical wind shear condition
Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 2005Co-Authors: Yukari Shusse, Kazuhisa Tsuboki, Biao Geng, Haruya Minda, Takao TakedaAbstract:The structure and evolution of deeply developed convective cells within a long-lived multicellular Cumulonimbus cloud that developed over the Huaihe River Basin in China on 13 July 1998 during the GAME/HUBEX were studied,mainly using the observational data of Doppler radars. The lifetime of the Cumulonimbus cloud was longer than 3.5 hours, and its maximum echo-top height was 19 km AGL. The atmospheric condition was characterized by a large CAPE (2300 J kg - 1 ), and weak vertical wind shear (1.6 m s - 1 km - 1 toward the north-northeast below 5 km AGL). In the mature stage of the cloud, a large radar-echo region stronger than 40 dBZ was observed. It was almost upright, and showed almost the same horizontal areas between 5 and 15 km AGL. Two strong updrafts existed around the upshear and downshear parts of the strong echo region, and they tilted toward the downshear and upshear sides, respectively. A downdraft developed in the eastern part of the cloud, where a cell-relative northeasterly wind was present at the low and middle levels; however, the wind was not observed in the synoptic-scale environment. The downdraft was located between the two updrafts. A descending northeasterly airflow continuously lifted the low-level air coming into the upshear-side updraft from the southwestern (upshear) side. The downdraft, and its surface outflow, did not cut off the supply of low-level air coming into the downshear-side updraft from the northern (downshear) side. The vigorous development of the Cumulonimbus cloud in the mature stage was caused by the development of these adjacent convective cells. Significant processes in the formation of the mature structure are the maintenance of the upshear-side convective cell, and the change of the downshear-side updraft from downshear-tilting to upshear-tilting in association with the intensification of the downdraft in the cell-relative northeasterly wind.
