Cyanoethylation

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Rakesh Kumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Yiqi Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermoplastic films from cyanoethylated chicken feathers
    Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2011
    Co-Authors: Narendra Reddy, Chunyan Hu, Yiqi Yang
    Abstract:

    Abstract This paper demonstrates that etherification can be used to develop thermoplastic films from chicken feathers. Feathers are inexpensive, abundantly available and renewable resources but have limited applications mainly due to their non-thermoplasticity. However, it has been shown that chemical modifications such as grafting can make feathers thermoplastic. Etherification provides better thermoplasticity to biopolymers compared to chemical modifications such as acetylation. In this research, chicken feathers were etherified using acrylonitrile and various concentrations of catalyst. Even at low weight gain (3.6%), cyanoethylated feathers were thermoplastic and showed a melting peak at 167 °C. Films compression molded from the cyanoethylated feathers had strength ranging from 1.6 to 4.2 MPa and elongation ranging from 5.8 to 14% depending on the extent of Cyanoethylation. Feathers modified by Cyanoethylation had good thermoplasticity and could be useful to develop various thermoplastics.

  • Synthesis and characterization of highly flexible thermoplastic films from cyanoethylated corn distillers dried grains with solubles
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Narendra Reddy, Kelu Yan, Yiqi Yang
    Abstract:

    Corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) can be made into highly flexible thermoplastic films without the need for plasticizers. DDGS is an abundantly available coproduct of ethanol production that is inexpensive ($80-130/ton) compared to most of the polymers used for thermoplastic applications. In this research, oil-and-zein-free DDGS was cyanoethylated using acrylonitrile, and Cyanoethylation conditions were optimized to obtain high percent weight gain of up to 42%. Cyanoethylated DDGS was characterized using (1)H NMR, FTIR, DSC, and TGA. Cyanoethylated DDGS was compression molded into thermoplastic films, and the tensile properties of the films were studied. It was found that DDGS films with elongation as high as 38% and strength of 14 MPa could be obtained without the use of any plasticizers. Alternatively, films with strength as high as 651 MPa but with relatively low elongation (2.5%) were obtained by varying the extent of Cyanoethylation. This research showed that Cyanoethylation could be a viable approach to develop biothermoplastics from biopolymers for applications such as packing films, extrudates, and resins for composites.

Amar K. Mohanty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the influence of chemical surface modification on the performance of sisal polyester biocomposites
    Polymer Composites, 2002
    Co-Authors: S Misra, Manjusri Misra, S. S. Tripathy, Sanjay K. Nayak, Amar K. Mohanty
    Abstract:

    This article concerns the effectiveness of various types and degrees of surface modification of sisal fibers involving dewaxing, alkali treatment, bleaching Cyanoethylation and viny1 grafting in enhancing the mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural and impact strength, of sisal-polyester biocomposites. The mechanical properties are optimum at a fiber loading of 30 wt%. Among all modifications, Cyanoethylation and alkali treatment result in improved properties of the biocomposites. Cyanoethylated sisal-polyester composite exhibited maximum tensile strength (84.29 MPa). The alkali treated sisal-polyester composite exhibited best flexural (153.94 MPa) and impac strength (197.88 J/m), which are, respectively, 21.8% and 20.9% higher than the corresponding mechanical properties of the untreated sisal-polyester composites. In the case of vinyl grafting, acrylonitrile (AN)-grafted sisal-polyester composites show better mechanical properties than methyl-methacrylate (MMA)-grafted sisal composites. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to analyze the fiber-matrix interaction in various surface-modified sisal-polyester composites.

  • The influence of chemical surface modification on the performance of sisal‐polyester biocomposites
    Polymer Composites, 2002
    Co-Authors: S Misra, Manjusri Misra, S. S. Tripathy, Sanjay K. Nayak, Amar K. Mohanty
    Abstract:

    This article concerns the effectiveness of various types and degrees of surface modification of sisal fibers involving dewaxing, alkali treatment, bleaching Cyanoethylation and viny1 grafting in enhancing the mechanical properties, such as tensile, flexural and impact strength, of sisal-polyester biocomposites. The mechanical properties are optimum at a fiber loading of 30 wt%. Among all modifications, Cyanoethylation and alkali treatment result in improved properties of the biocomposites. Cyanoethylated sisal-polyester composite exhibited maximum tensile strength (84.29 MPa). The alkali treated sisal-polyester composite exhibited best flexural (153.94 MPa) and impac strength (197.88 J/m), which are, respectively, 21.8% and 20.9% higher than the corresponding mechanical properties of the untreated sisal-polyester composites. In the case of vinyl grafting, acrylonitrile (AN)-grafted sisal-polyester composites show better mechanical properties than methyl-methacrylate (MMA)-grafted sisal composites. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to analyze the fiber-matrix interaction in various surface-modified sisal-polyester composites.

  • influence of chemical surface modification on the properties of biodegradable jute fabrics polyester amide composites
    Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2000
    Co-Authors: Amar K. Mohanty, M A Khan, G Hinrichsen
    Abstract:

    Abstract The chemical surface modifications of jute fabrics involving bleaching, dewaxing, alkali treatment, Cyanoethylation and vinyl grafting are made in view of their use as reinforcing agents in composites based on a biodegradable polyester amide matrix, BAK 1095. The effect of different fibre surface treatments and fabric amounts on the performance of resulting composites are investigated. The mechanical properties of composites like tensile and bending strengths increase as a result of surface modification. Among all modifications, alkali treatment and Cyanoethylation result in improved properties of the composites. The tensile strength of BAK is increased by more than 40% as a result of reinforcement with alkali treated jute fabrics. SEM investigations show that the surface modifications improve the fibre–matrix interaction. From degradation studies we find that after 15 days of compost burial about 6% weight loss is observed for BAK whereas cyanoethylated and alkali treated jute–BAK composites show about 10% weight loss. The loss of weight as well as the decrease of bending strength of degraded composites is more or less directly related.

Yu Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Copper-promoted cyanoalkylation/ring-expansion of vinylcyclopropanes with α-C-H bonds in alkylnitriles toward 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes.
    Organic & biomolecular chemistry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Zan Chen, Quan Zhou, Qing-nan Chen, Pu Chen, Biquan Xiong, Yun Liang, Kewen Tang, Jun Xie, Yu Liu
    Abstract:

    A copper-promoted oxidative cyanomethylation/ring-expansion of vinylcyclopropanes with α-C(sp3)–H bonds in alkyl nitriles is established for the generation of 1-cyanoethylated 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes. This cyanomethylation/ring-expansion involves a radical pathway and proceeds via cyanomethyl radical formation, radical addition and ring-expansion. This ring-expansion strategy offers a highly atom-economical route for the construction of nitrile-containing 3,4-dihydronaphthalenes, which can be transformed into other useful products under simple conditions.

Pradeep Kr. Kushwaha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

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