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H. Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extra Heavy Crude Oil Downhole Upgrading Using Hydrogen Donors Under Cyclic Steam Injection Conditions : Physical and Numerical Simulation Studies
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2008Co-Authors: C. Ovalles, H. RodriguezAbstract:Physical simulation experiments of a downhole upgrading process showed that the use of a hydrogen donor additive (tetralin) in the presence of methane (natural gas) and mineral formation under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions led to an increase of at least three degrees in API gravity of treated extra heavy crude oil, a threefold viscosity reduction and an approximate 8% decrease in the asphaltene content with respect to the original crude. A continuous bench scale plant was used at different temperatures (280 - 315°C) and residence times (24 - 64 h) for carrying out kinetic studies. A reaction model involving four pseudo-components (light, medium, heavy and asphaltene fractions) was used and the kinetic parameters (pre-exponential factors and activation energies) were determined. Using these data, compositional-thermal numerical simulations were carried out and validated using the bench scale data. The results showed a good match between the calculated and experimental °API gravities of the upgraded crude oil (average relative error 4%). Using the previous model, the downhole upgrading process was numerically simulated under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions. The simulation runs showed the production of 12°API upgraded crude oil, accumulated over a 70-day cycle. However, a reduction in the percentage of conversion of tetralin was observed (0.8%) in comparison with the bench scale experiments (3%), which was attributed to gravitational segregation of the Steam coupled with low mixing efficiency of the hydrogen donor with the extra heavy crude oil at reservoir conditions.
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Extra Heavy Crude Oil Downhole Upgrading Using Hydrogen Donors Under Cyclic Steam Injection Conditions: Physical and Numerical Simulation Studies
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2008Co-Authors: C. Ovalles, H. RodriguezAbstract:Summary Physical simulation experiments of a downhole upgrading process showed that the use of a hydrogen donor additive (tetralin) in the presence of methane (natural gas) and mineral formation under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions led to an increase of at least three degrees in API gravity of treated extra heavy crude oil, a three-fold viscosity reduction and an approximate 8% decrease in the asphaltene content with respect to the original crude. A continuous bench scale plant was used at different temperatures (280 – 315 ºC) and residence times (24 – 64 h) for carrying out kinetic studies. A reaction model involving four pseudo-components (light, medium, heavy and asphaltene fractions) was used and the kinetic parameters (pre-exponential factors and activation energies) were determined. Using these data, compositional-thermal numerical simulations were carried out and validated using the bench scale data. The results showed a good match between the calculated and experimental ºAPI gravities of the upgraded crude oil (average relative error 4%). Using the previous model, the downhole upgrading process was numerically simulated under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions. The simulation runs showed the production of 12 ºAPI upgraded crude oil, accumulated over a 70-day cycle. However, a reduction in the percentage of conversion of tetralin was observed (0.8%) in comparison with the bench scale experiments (3%), which was attributed to gravitational segregation of the Steam coupled with low mixing efficiency of the hydrogen donor with the extra heavy crude oil at reservoir conditions. Introduction Underground upgrading processes have always been of interest to the petroleum industry, mainly because of the intrinsic advantages compared with aboveground counterparts. Lower lifting and transportation costs from the underground to refining centres can be achieved, as well as a potential increase in the volumetric production of wells. In addition, a decrease in the consumption of costly light and medium petroleum oils used as solvents for heavy and extra heavy crude oil production can also be obtained. Finally, the use of porous media (mineral formation) as a natural chemical 'catalytic reactor' will allow the improvement of the properties of the upgraded crude oil, further reducing expenses for downstream refining operations. Several methods of underground crude oil upgrading have been reported. These concepts include downhole Steam distillation(1), deasphalting(2–5), underground visbreaking(6–9), hydrogen(10–17) or hydrogen precursor Injection(18–22) and in situ combustion(23–25). With the exception of the latter, the numerical simulation of downhole upgrading processes has relatively little research on it. Shu and Hartman(8) and Shu and Venkatesan(26) used compositional simulation and experimentally measured kinetic data to determine the effect of the visbreaking reactions on the percentages of recovery of heavy crude oil produced by Cyclic Steam Injection and Steamflood. For the former route, the authors found an increase of 5% in the oil recovery due to viscosity reduction in the heated zones of the reservoir(8). Similarly, Kaskale and Farouq Ali(7) reported the numerical simulation of a Steamflood in a five-spot array for the production of upgraded Saskatchewan crude oil.
Xin Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoir
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:Steam stimulation has already been proved as an important thermal recovery technology. In Daqing, the development and management of high-heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs plays an important role in stabilizing the oil output. To combine the good features of Steam Injection and Cyclic Injection, a Cyclic Steam flooding has been conducted in the Fuyv reservoir, Daqing. This paper aims to present a detailed process of the Cyclic-Steam Injection. The target Fuyv reservoir in this research is located on the edge of the Songliao Basin. The reservoir characterized by high heterogeneity has a permeability range from 61.5 to 3650 mD. The viscosity of crude oil is averagely 3200 mPa.s. A simulation investigation was performed to instruct the pilot design. The nitrogen co-injected Cyclic Steam Injection is also proposed and analyzed. The mechanisms of EOR by nitrogen assisted Cyclic Steam stimulation are studied. The pilot Injection was fulfilled on the basis of fundamental investigation. The simulation results showed that the heated radius is a function of Injection cycles. When the injected Steam is only enough to forfeit the heat loss to caprock and beneath formation, the heated radius or heated area will not expand. The limited heated radius and Steam overlapping vertically results in a poor sweep efficiency and oil-Steam ratio, a large amount of oil untapped. The factors effecting production and Injection performance are analyzed, and the Injection parameters are optimized. The pilot Injection has obtained foreseeable results. Key words: Cyclic, Steam inject, heavy oil, Fuyu reservoir, N2-foam.
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A Cyclic Injection of High Temperature N2-foam in Fuyv Reservoir
2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing GaoAbstract:800x600 Steam stimulation has already been proved as an important thermal recovery technology. In Daqing, the development and management of high-heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs plays an important role in stabilizing the oil output. To combine the good features of Steam Injection and Cyclic Injection, a Cyclic Steam flooding has been conducted in the Fuyv reservoir, Daqing. This paper is to present a detailed process of the Cyclic-Steam Injection. The target Fuyv reservoir in this research is located on the edge of the Songliao Basin. The reservoir characterized by high heterogeneity has a permeability range from 61.5 to 3650 mD. The viscosity of crude oil is averagely 3200 mPa.s. A simulation investigation was performed to instruct the pilot design. The nitrogen co-injected Cyclic Steam Injection is also proposed and analyzed. The mechanisms of Enhanced Oil Recovery ( EOR) by nitrogen assisted Cyclic Steam stimulation are studied. The pilot Injection was fulfilled on the basis of fundamental investigation. The simulation results showed that the heated radius is a function of Injection cycles. When the injected Steam is only enough to forfeit the heat loss to caprock and beneath formation, the heated radius or heated area will not expand. The limited heated radius and Steam overlapping vertically results in a poor sweep efficiency and oil-Steam ratio, a large amount of oil untapped. The factors effecting production and Injection performance are analyzed, and the Injection parameters are optimized. The pilot Injection has obtained foreseeable results. This investigation shows an excellent opportunity to: (1) demonstrate the method to improve the recovery of high heterogeneity heavy oil reservoirs, (2) provide valuable reference to improve the reservoir development. Keywords: C yclic, Steam inject, heavy oil, Fuyu reservoir, N2-foam Normal 0 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
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Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering
2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoi
Panqing Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoir
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:Steam stimulation has already been proved as an important thermal recovery technology. In Daqing, the development and management of high-heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs plays an important role in stabilizing the oil output. To combine the good features of Steam Injection and Cyclic Injection, a Cyclic Steam flooding has been conducted in the Fuyv reservoir, Daqing. This paper aims to present a detailed process of the Cyclic-Steam Injection. The target Fuyv reservoir in this research is located on the edge of the Songliao Basin. The reservoir characterized by high heterogeneity has a permeability range from 61.5 to 3650 mD. The viscosity of crude oil is averagely 3200 mPa.s. A simulation investigation was performed to instruct the pilot design. The nitrogen co-injected Cyclic Steam Injection is also proposed and analyzed. The mechanisms of EOR by nitrogen assisted Cyclic Steam stimulation are studied. The pilot Injection was fulfilled on the basis of fundamental investigation. The simulation results showed that the heated radius is a function of Injection cycles. When the injected Steam is only enough to forfeit the heat loss to caprock and beneath formation, the heated radius or heated area will not expand. The limited heated radius and Steam overlapping vertically results in a poor sweep efficiency and oil-Steam ratio, a large amount of oil untapped. The factors effecting production and Injection performance are analyzed, and the Injection parameters are optimized. The pilot Injection has obtained foreseeable results. Key words: Cyclic, Steam inject, heavy oil, Fuyu reservoir, N2-foam.
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A Cyclic Injection of High Temperature N2-foam in Fuyv Reservoir
2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing GaoAbstract:800x600 Steam stimulation has already been proved as an important thermal recovery technology. In Daqing, the development and management of high-heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs plays an important role in stabilizing the oil output. To combine the good features of Steam Injection and Cyclic Injection, a Cyclic Steam flooding has been conducted in the Fuyv reservoir, Daqing. This paper is to present a detailed process of the Cyclic-Steam Injection. The target Fuyv reservoir in this research is located on the edge of the Songliao Basin. The reservoir characterized by high heterogeneity has a permeability range from 61.5 to 3650 mD. The viscosity of crude oil is averagely 3200 mPa.s. A simulation investigation was performed to instruct the pilot design. The nitrogen co-injected Cyclic Steam Injection is also proposed and analyzed. The mechanisms of Enhanced Oil Recovery ( EOR) by nitrogen assisted Cyclic Steam stimulation are studied. The pilot Injection was fulfilled on the basis of fundamental investigation. The simulation results showed that the heated radius is a function of Injection cycles. When the injected Steam is only enough to forfeit the heat loss to caprock and beneath formation, the heated radius or heated area will not expand. The limited heated radius and Steam overlapping vertically results in a poor sweep efficiency and oil-Steam ratio, a large amount of oil untapped. The factors effecting production and Injection performance are analyzed, and the Injection parameters are optimized. The pilot Injection has obtained foreseeable results. This investigation shows an excellent opportunity to: (1) demonstrate the method to improve the recovery of high heterogeneity heavy oil reservoirs, (2) provide valuable reference to improve the reservoir development. Keywords: C yclic, Steam inject, heavy oil, Fuyu reservoir, N2-foam Normal 0 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
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Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering
2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoi
Zhiyong Shao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoir
Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:Steam stimulation has already been proved as an important thermal recovery technology. In Daqing, the development and management of high-heterogeneous heavy oil reservoirs plays an important role in stabilizing the oil output. To combine the good features of Steam Injection and Cyclic Injection, a Cyclic Steam flooding has been conducted in the Fuyv reservoir, Daqing. This paper aims to present a detailed process of the Cyclic-Steam Injection. The target Fuyv reservoir in this research is located on the edge of the Songliao Basin. The reservoir characterized by high heterogeneity has a permeability range from 61.5 to 3650 mD. The viscosity of crude oil is averagely 3200 mPa.s. A simulation investigation was performed to instruct the pilot design. The nitrogen co-injected Cyclic Steam Injection is also proposed and analyzed. The mechanisms of EOR by nitrogen assisted Cyclic Steam stimulation are studied. The pilot Injection was fulfilled on the basis of fundamental investigation. The simulation results showed that the heated radius is a function of Injection cycles. When the injected Steam is only enough to forfeit the heat loss to caprock and beneath formation, the heated radius or heated area will not expand. The limited heated radius and Steam overlapping vertically results in a poor sweep efficiency and oil-Steam ratio, a large amount of oil untapped. The factors effecting production and Injection performance are analyzed, and the Injection parameters are optimized. The pilot Injection has obtained foreseeable results. Key words: Cyclic, Steam inject, heavy oil, Fuyu reservoir, N2-foam.
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Journal of Petroleum and Gas Engineering
2013Co-Authors: Xin Zhao, Panqing Gao, Zhiyong ShaoAbstract:A high temperature N2-foam assisted Cyclic Steam Injection in Fuyv reservoi
C. Ovalles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Extra Heavy Crude Oil Downhole Upgrading Using Hydrogen Donors Under Cyclic Steam Injection Conditions : Physical and Numerical Simulation Studies
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2008Co-Authors: C. Ovalles, H. RodriguezAbstract:Physical simulation experiments of a downhole upgrading process showed that the use of a hydrogen donor additive (tetralin) in the presence of methane (natural gas) and mineral formation under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions led to an increase of at least three degrees in API gravity of treated extra heavy crude oil, a threefold viscosity reduction and an approximate 8% decrease in the asphaltene content with respect to the original crude. A continuous bench scale plant was used at different temperatures (280 - 315°C) and residence times (24 - 64 h) for carrying out kinetic studies. A reaction model involving four pseudo-components (light, medium, heavy and asphaltene fractions) was used and the kinetic parameters (pre-exponential factors and activation energies) were determined. Using these data, compositional-thermal numerical simulations were carried out and validated using the bench scale data. The results showed a good match between the calculated and experimental °API gravities of the upgraded crude oil (average relative error 4%). Using the previous model, the downhole upgrading process was numerically simulated under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions. The simulation runs showed the production of 12°API upgraded crude oil, accumulated over a 70-day cycle. However, a reduction in the percentage of conversion of tetralin was observed (0.8%) in comparison with the bench scale experiments (3%), which was attributed to gravitational segregation of the Steam coupled with low mixing efficiency of the hydrogen donor with the extra heavy crude oil at reservoir conditions.
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Extra Heavy Crude Oil Downhole Upgrading Using Hydrogen Donors Under Cyclic Steam Injection Conditions: Physical and Numerical Simulation Studies
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2008Co-Authors: C. Ovalles, H. RodriguezAbstract:Summary Physical simulation experiments of a downhole upgrading process showed that the use of a hydrogen donor additive (tetralin) in the presence of methane (natural gas) and mineral formation under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions led to an increase of at least three degrees in API gravity of treated extra heavy crude oil, a three-fold viscosity reduction and an approximate 8% decrease in the asphaltene content with respect to the original crude. A continuous bench scale plant was used at different temperatures (280 – 315 ºC) and residence times (24 – 64 h) for carrying out kinetic studies. A reaction model involving four pseudo-components (light, medium, heavy and asphaltene fractions) was used and the kinetic parameters (pre-exponential factors and activation energies) were determined. Using these data, compositional-thermal numerical simulations were carried out and validated using the bench scale data. The results showed a good match between the calculated and experimental ºAPI gravities of the upgraded crude oil (average relative error 4%). Using the previous model, the downhole upgrading process was numerically simulated under Cyclic Steam Injection conditions. The simulation runs showed the production of 12 ºAPI upgraded crude oil, accumulated over a 70-day cycle. However, a reduction in the percentage of conversion of tetralin was observed (0.8%) in comparison with the bench scale experiments (3%), which was attributed to gravitational segregation of the Steam coupled with low mixing efficiency of the hydrogen donor with the extra heavy crude oil at reservoir conditions. Introduction Underground upgrading processes have always been of interest to the petroleum industry, mainly because of the intrinsic advantages compared with aboveground counterparts. Lower lifting and transportation costs from the underground to refining centres can be achieved, as well as a potential increase in the volumetric production of wells. In addition, a decrease in the consumption of costly light and medium petroleum oils used as solvents for heavy and extra heavy crude oil production can also be obtained. Finally, the use of porous media (mineral formation) as a natural chemical 'catalytic reactor' will allow the improvement of the properties of the upgraded crude oil, further reducing expenses for downstream refining operations. Several methods of underground crude oil upgrading have been reported. These concepts include downhole Steam distillation(1), deasphalting(2–5), underground visbreaking(6–9), hydrogen(10–17) or hydrogen precursor Injection(18–22) and in situ combustion(23–25). With the exception of the latter, the numerical simulation of downhole upgrading processes has relatively little research on it. Shu and Hartman(8) and Shu and Venkatesan(26) used compositional simulation and experimentally measured kinetic data to determine the effect of the visbreaking reactions on the percentages of recovery of heavy crude oil produced by Cyclic Steam Injection and Steamflood. For the former route, the authors found an increase of 5% in the oil recovery due to viscosity reduction in the heated zones of the reservoir(8). Similarly, Kaskale and Farouq Ali(7) reported the numerical simulation of a Steamflood in a five-spot array for the production of upgraded Saskatchewan crude oil.
