The Experts below are selected from a list of 153 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yasuo Niki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty reduces knee adduction moment more than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Shu Kobayashi, Takeo Nagura, Kengo HaratoAbstract:Purpose Knee adduction moment (KAM) has been recognized as a good clinical surrogate for medial tibiofemoral joint loading and is associated with implant durability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to examine the effects of joint line obliquity in kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) on KAM during gait. Methods The study enrolled 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent Cylindrical Axis reference KA-TKA and a matched group of 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent mechanically aligned (MA)-TKA as controls. Gait analyses were performed the day before TKA and at an overall mean of 2.6 years postoperatively. First peak KAM and variables associated with frontal knee kinetics were determined and compared between groups. Results In KA-TKA, the proximal tibia was resected with 3.4° ± 1.5° of varus in relation to the mechanical Axis, and the final femorotibial shaft Axis was 176.7° ± 3.8° with KA-TKA and 174.4° ± 3.0° with MA-TKA. KAM was significantly smaller with KA-TKA than with MA-TKA ( p
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:PurposeReproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study asse...
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comparison between Cylindrical Axis reference and articular surface reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion–extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients.
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study assessed the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone-cut and articular surface-reference bone-cut to reproduce FEA in Japanese osteoarthritis patients. Methods The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from preoperative CT were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone-cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Results Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4±1.6 mm and 17.3±1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles (Fig.1). Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2o of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone-cuts in the coronal and axial planes (Fig.2). Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6±2.1o. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p<0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone-cut of the distal femur than articular surface-reference. Conclusions CA-reference bone-cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone-cut for reproducing FEA in OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles.
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Comparison between Cylindrical Axis-reference and articular surface-reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty.
Knee surgery sports traumatology arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients. The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from pre-operative CT were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4 ± 1.6 and 17.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles. Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2° of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone cuts in the coronal and axial planes. Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6 ± 2.1°. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p < 0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone cut of the distal femur than articular surface reference. CA-reference bone cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone cut for reproducing FEA in Japanese OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles. In clinical practice, the CA-reference bone cut represents a good technical option for kinematically aligned TKA in the Japanese population.
Kengo Harato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty reduces knee adduction moment more than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Shu Kobayashi, Takeo Nagura, Kengo HaratoAbstract:Purpose Knee adduction moment (KAM) has been recognized as a good clinical surrogate for medial tibiofemoral joint loading and is associated with implant durability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to examine the effects of joint line obliquity in kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) on KAM during gait. Methods The study enrolled 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent Cylindrical Axis reference KA-TKA and a matched group of 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent mechanically aligned (MA)-TKA as controls. Gait analyses were performed the day before TKA and at an overall mean of 2.6 years postoperatively. First peak KAM and variables associated with frontal knee kinetics were determined and compared between groups. Results In KA-TKA, the proximal tibia was resected with 3.4° ± 1.5° of varus in relation to the mechanical Axis, and the final femorotibial shaft Axis was 176.7° ± 3.8° with KA-TKA and 174.4° ± 3.0° with MA-TKA. KAM was significantly smaller with KA-TKA than with MA-TKA ( p
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:PurposeReproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study asse...
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comparison between Cylindrical Axis reference and articular surface reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion–extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients.
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study assessed the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone-cut and articular surface-reference bone-cut to reproduce FEA in Japanese osteoarthritis patients. Methods The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from preoperative CT were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone-cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Results Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4±1.6 mm and 17.3±1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles (Fig.1). Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2o of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone-cuts in the coronal and axial planes (Fig.2). Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6±2.1o. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p<0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone-cut of the distal femur than articular surface-reference. Conclusions CA-reference bone-cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone-cut for reproducing FEA in OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles.
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Comparison between Cylindrical Axis-reference and articular surface-reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty.
Knee surgery sports traumatology arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients. The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from pre-operative CT were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4 ± 1.6 and 17.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles. Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2° of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone cuts in the coronal and axial planes. Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6 ± 2.1°. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p < 0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone cut of the distal femur than articular surface reference. CA-reference bone cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone cut for reproducing FEA in Japanese OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles. In clinical practice, the CA-reference bone cut represents a good technical option for kinematically aligned TKA in the Japanese population.
Katsuya Nagai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty reduces knee adduction moment more than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Shu Kobayashi, Takeo Nagura, Kengo HaratoAbstract:Purpose Knee adduction moment (KAM) has been recognized as a good clinical surrogate for medial tibiofemoral joint loading and is associated with implant durability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to examine the effects of joint line obliquity in kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) on KAM during gait. Methods The study enrolled 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent Cylindrical Axis reference KA-TKA and a matched group of 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent mechanically aligned (MA)-TKA as controls. Gait analyses were performed the day before TKA and at an overall mean of 2.6 years postoperatively. First peak KAM and variables associated with frontal knee kinetics were determined and compared between groups. Results In KA-TKA, the proximal tibia was resected with 3.4° ± 1.5° of varus in relation to the mechanical Axis, and the final femorotibial shaft Axis was 176.7° ± 3.8° with KA-TKA and 174.4° ± 3.0° with MA-TKA. KAM was significantly smaller with KA-TKA than with MA-TKA ( p
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:PurposeReproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study asse...
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comparison between Cylindrical Axis reference and articular surface reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion–extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients.
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study assessed the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone-cut and articular surface-reference bone-cut to reproduce FEA in Japanese osteoarthritis patients. Methods The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from preoperative CT were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone-cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Results Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4±1.6 mm and 17.3±1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles (Fig.1). Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2o of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone-cuts in the coronal and axial planes (Fig.2). Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6±2.1o. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p<0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone-cut of the distal femur than articular surface-reference. Conclusions CA-reference bone-cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone-cut for reproducing FEA in OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles.
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Comparison between Cylindrical Axis-reference and articular surface-reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty.
Knee surgery sports traumatology arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients. The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from pre-operative CT were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4 ± 1.6 and 17.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles. Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2° of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone cuts in the coronal and axial planes. Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6 ± 2.1°. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p < 0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone cut of the distal femur than articular surface reference. CA-reference bone cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone cut for reproducing FEA in Japanese OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles. In clinical practice, the CA-reference bone cut represents a good technical option for kinematically aligned TKA in the Japanese population.
Yasunori Suda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison between Cylindrical Axis reference and articular surface reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion–extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients.
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Comparison between Cylindrical Axis-reference and articular surface-reference femoral bone cut for total knee arthroplasty.
Knee surgery sports traumatology arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 2016Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Tomoki Sassa, Kengo Harato, Yasunori SudaAbstract:Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compared the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone cut and articular surface-reference bone cuts in reproducing the FEA for Japanese osteoarthritis patients. The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from pre-operative CT were reconstructed into three-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4 ± 1.6 and 17.3 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles. Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2° of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone cuts in the coronal and axial planes. Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6 ± 2.1°. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p < 0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone cut of the distal femur than articular surface reference. CA-reference bone cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone cut for reproducing FEA in Japanese OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles. In clinical practice, the CA-reference bone cut represents a good technical option for kinematically aligned TKA in the Japanese population.
Shu Kobayashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty reduces knee adduction moment more than mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty
Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Shu Kobayashi, Takeo Nagura, Kengo HaratoAbstract:Purpose Knee adduction moment (KAM) has been recognized as a good clinical surrogate for medial tibiofemoral joint loading and is associated with implant durability after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to examine the effects of joint line obliquity in kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA) on KAM during gait. Methods The study enrolled 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent Cylindrical Axis reference KA-TKA and a matched group of 21 knees from 18 patients who underwent mechanically aligned (MA)-TKA as controls. Gait analyses were performed the day before TKA and at an overall mean of 2.6 years postoperatively. First peak KAM and variables associated with frontal knee kinetics were determined and compared between groups. Results In KA-TKA, the proximal tibia was resected with 3.4° ± 1.5° of varus in relation to the mechanical Axis, and the final femorotibial shaft Axis was 176.7° ± 3.8° with KA-TKA and 174.4° ± 3.0° with MA-TKA. KAM was significantly smaller with KA-TKA than with MA-TKA ( p
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Orthopaedic Proceedings, 2018Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:PurposeReproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study asse...
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feasibility of Cylindrical Axis reference planning for femoral bone cut in total knee arthroplasty
Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-british Volume, 2017Co-Authors: Yasuo Niki, Katsuya Nagai, Kengo Harato, T Sakae, Shu KobayashiAbstract:Purpose Reproducing a functional flexion-extension Axis (FEA) of the femur is key to achieving successful collateral ligament balance and joint line in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study assessed the feasibility of Cylindrical Axis (CA)-reference bone-cut and articular surface-reference bone-cut to reproduce FEA in Japanese osteoarthritis patients. Methods The study enrolled 122 knees from 86 patients who underwent primary TKA due to grade III or IV osteoarthritis. Data from preoperative CT were reconstructed into 3-dimensional (3D) models using 3D-planning software. Cylindrical radii of the condyles were measured, and femoral bone-cut angles relative to anatomical landmarks were determined in the coronal and axial reference planes based on CA-reference and articular surface-reference methods. Results Mean Cylindrical radii for medial and lateral femoral condyles were 17.4±1.6 mm and 17.3±1.4 mm, respectively. Of the 122 knees, 46 exhibited >1 mm of difference between condyles (Fig.1). Fifty-three and 22 knees exhibited >2o of angular difference between CA-reference and articular surface-reference bone-cuts in the coronal and axial planes (Fig.2). Mean angle of the CA and surgical epicondylar Axis in 3D space was 4.6±2.1o. As practical parameters for TKA, the angle between CA and IM rod was significantly larger than that between the distal articular surface line and IM rod in the coronal plane (p<0.0001), indicating that CA-reference involves a smaller valgus bone-cut of the distal femur than articular surface-reference. Conclusions CA-reference bone-cut of the femur is preferable to articular surface-reference bone-cut for reproducing FEA in OA patients, in whom more than one-third of knees exhibited asymmetry of radii between medial and lateral condyles.
