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Nicola La Porta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cold tolerance in Cypress cupressus sempervirens l a physiological and molecular study
Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2011Co-Authors: Paolo Baldi, Leandra Pedron, Ari M. Hietala, Nicola La PortaAbstract:Twenty Cypress accessions were tested for freezing tolerance. After freezing to −15°C, differences among Cypress accessions were tested by measuring electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll fluorescence. Based on these data, Cypress accessions showing contrasting freezing tolerance were subjected to transcript profiling of candidate genes upon the development of cold hardening, with the ultimate goal of providing a scientific basis for selecting/breeding Cypress genotypes with higher tolerance to low temperature. Nine different Cypress genes were selected: a heat shock protein, a putative chaperonin, a chlorophyll-binding protein, a serine/threonine protein kinase, a putative exonuclease, a dehydrin, and three senescence-associated proteins. Transcript levels of these genes were profiled during cold hardening under controlled conditions using real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. While the genes showed regulation patterns common to both Cypress accessions, in the case of chaperonin, exonuclease, and some senescence-associated proteins, clonal differences in gene regulation were found. The potential relationship of these differences with cold tolerance is discussed.
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genotype specific regulation of cold responsive genes in Cypress cupressus sempervirens l
Gene, 2009Co-Authors: Leandra Pedron, Ari M. Hietala, Paolo Baldi, Nicola La PortaAbstract:article i nfo Cold acclimation in plants involves a very complex molecular response, with the regulation of many different genes and metabolic pathways. In this work fifteen Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) genes putatively regulated during cold exposure were isolated and their expression was studied in five Cypress genotypes, along 15 days of treatment at 3 °C. Treated samples of shoots were collected from four year old Cypress seedlings and a subtractive hybridization approach (PCR-Select) was performed after mRNA extraction. Fifteen genes were selected according to sequence similarities after a GenBank search and their expression was studied using Real-time PCR. Among these genes, five (ELIP, aquaporin, dehydrin and two cold-induced proteins) and four (oleosin, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, oxidoreductase and rubisco activase) resulted respectively up- and down-regulated by the treatment in all tested genotypes. Finally, three genes (metal- binding protein, nodulin-like protein and beta-amylase) showed remarkable different pattern among genotypes. A consistent relationship was found between the cold regulation of the genes studied and their putative function, suggesting the existence of different cold response pathways in Cypress. The possible roles of the low temperature-regulated sequences and of the individual expression differences during Cypress cold acclimation are proposed and discussed.
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genotype specific regulation of cold responsive genes in Cypress cupressus sempervirens l
Gene, 2009Co-Authors: Leandra Pedron, Ari M. Hietala, Paolo Baldi, Nicola La PortaAbstract:article i nfo Cold acclimation in plants involves a very complex molecular response, with the regulation of many different genes and metabolic pathways. In this work fifteen Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens) genes putatively regulated during cold exposure were isolated and their expression was studied in five Cypress genotypes, along 15 days of treatment at 3 °C. Treated samples of shoots were collected from four year old Cypress seedlings and a subtractive hybridization approach (PCR-Select) was performed after mRNA extraction. Fifteen genes were selected according to sequence similarities after a GenBank search and their expression was studied using Real-time PCR. Among these genes, five (ELIP, aquaporin, dehydrin and two cold-induced proteins) and four (oleosin, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein, oxidoreductase and rubisco activase) resulted respectively up- and down-regulated by the treatment in all tested genotypes. Finally, three genes (metal- binding protein, nodulin-like protein and beta-amylase) showed remarkable different pattern among genotypes. A consistent relationship was found between the cold regulation of the genes studied and their putative function, suggesting the existence of different cold response pathways in Cypress. The possible roles of the low temperature-regulated sequences and of the individual expression differences during Cypress cold acclimation are proposed and discussed.
A. Motta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical and biological characterization of sapinopyridione, a phytotoxic 3,3,6-trisubstituted-2,4-pyridione produced by Sphaeropsis sapinea, a toxigenic pathogen of native and exotic conifers, and its derivatives
Elsevier Science Limited:Oxford Fulfillment Center PO Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom:011 44 1865 843000 011 44 1865 843699 EMAIL: as, 2006Co-Authors: A. Evidente, M. Fiore, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, A. MottaAbstract:A phytotoxic trisubstituted 2,4-pyridione, named sapinopyridione (I), was isolated from the culture filtrates of Sphaeropsis sapinea, a fungal pathogen of conifers occurring world-wide. Three strains were isolated from two Cypress species. Strain D-55 isolated from Cupressus sempervirens resulted high producer of sapinopyridione (12.3 mg l-1), whereas strain D-54 isolated from the same Cypress species was low producer (1.1 mg l-1); strain D-50 isolated from C. macrocarpa was intermediate producer (5.4 mg l-1). Sapinopyridione was characterized by spectroscopic and chem. methods, as the 6-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-1-oxa-5-azaspiro[2.5]oct-6-ene-4,8-dione. The structure was supported by the prepn. of three key derivs., whose phytotoxic and antimycotic activities were also tested on host plants and on three Seiridium species, virulent fungal agents of Cypress canker disease. Some structure-activity relationships were identified for both phytotoxicity and antifungal activities. These activities appear related to the presence of both pyridione and oxiran rings. Also the carbonyl group of the side chain seems to play a role into impart activity
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Sphaeropsidins B and C, phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes from Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila
1997Co-Authors: A. Evidente, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, O. Fierro, F. Giordano, A. MottaAbstract:Two phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes, named sphaeropsidins B and C, were isolated from two phytopathogenic fungi causing canker diseases of Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.): Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila, S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi produced both phytotoxins, whereas D. mutila produced sphaeropsidins C and A, the latter also being reported as the main phytotoxin of S. sapinea f. s. cupressi. Characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods, sphaeropsidin B proved to be a known fungal metabolite for the first time isolated from S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi, while sphaeropsidin C is a new tricyclic acid pimarane diterpene produced by both fungi. Assayed on severed twigs of Cypress and oak, sphaeropsidins B and C caused dieback on C. macrocarpa, browning and necrosis on C. sempervirens and yellowing on C. arizonica, necrosis on Quercus cerri and Q. ilex, and browning and necrosis on Q. robur. When injected into cortical tissues of Cypress and oak seedlings mentioned above, they caused on the former dark brown discolouration, browning of internal tissues and browning, and brown-blackish spots or necrotic lesions on the latter. On non-host plants like tomato and oat, sphaeropsidins B an C caused necrosis on cuttings and brown discolouration or stewing on the stem. In the antimicrobial assay, both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of seven test fungi
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Sphaeropsidins B and C, phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes from Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. Cupressi and Diplodia mutila
'Elsevier BV', 1997Co-Authors: A. Evidente, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, O. Fierro, F. Giordano, A. MottaAbstract:Two phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes, named sphaeropsidins B and C, were isolated from two phytopathogenic fungi causing canker diseases of Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.): Sphaeropsis sapinea f, sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila. S. sapinea f sp. cupressi produced both phytotoxins, whereas D. mutila produced sphaeropsidins C and A, the latter also being reported as the main phytotoxin of S. sapinea f. s. cupressi. Characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods, sphaeropsidin B proved to be a known fungal metabolite for the first time isolated from S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi, while sphaeropsidin C is a new tricyclic acid pimarane diterpene produced by both fungi. Assayed on severed twigs of Cypress and oak, sphaeropsidins B and C caused dieback on C. macrocarpa, browning and necrosis on C. sempervirens and yellowing on C. arizonica, necrosis on Quercus cerri and e. ilex, and browning and necrosis on Q, robur. When injected into cortical tissues of Cypress and oak seedlings mentioned above, they caused on the former dark brown discolouration, browning of internal tissues and browning, and brown-blackish spots or necrotic lesions on the latter. On non-host plants like tomato and oat, sphaeropsidins B an C caused necrosis on cuttings and brown discolouration or stewing on the stem. In the antimicrobial assay, both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of seven test fungi. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
A. Evidente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chemical and biological characterization of sapinopyridione, a phytotoxic 3,3,6-trisubstituted-2,4-pyridione produced by Sphaeropsis sapinea, a toxigenic pathogen of native and exotic conifers, and its derivatives
Elsevier Science Limited:Oxford Fulfillment Center PO Box 800 Kidlington Oxford OX5 1DX United Kingdom:011 44 1865 843000 011 44 1865 843699 EMAIL: as, 2006Co-Authors: A. Evidente, M. Fiore, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, A. MottaAbstract:A phytotoxic trisubstituted 2,4-pyridione, named sapinopyridione (I), was isolated from the culture filtrates of Sphaeropsis sapinea, a fungal pathogen of conifers occurring world-wide. Three strains were isolated from two Cypress species. Strain D-55 isolated from Cupressus sempervirens resulted high producer of sapinopyridione (12.3 mg l-1), whereas strain D-54 isolated from the same Cypress species was low producer (1.1 mg l-1); strain D-50 isolated from C. macrocarpa was intermediate producer (5.4 mg l-1). Sapinopyridione was characterized by spectroscopic and chem. methods, as the 6-methyl-2-(2-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-1-oxa-5-azaspiro[2.5]oct-6-ene-4,8-dione. The structure was supported by the prepn. of three key derivs., whose phytotoxic and antimycotic activities were also tested on host plants and on three Seiridium species, virulent fungal agents of Cypress canker disease. Some structure-activity relationships were identified for both phytotoxicity and antifungal activities. These activities appear related to the presence of both pyridione and oxiran rings. Also the carbonyl group of the side chain seems to play a role into impart activity
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Sphaeropsidin F, a new pimarane diterpene produced in vitro by the Cypress pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi
2003Co-Authors: A. Evidente, Sparapano L, Bruno G., Andolfi A., Motta A.Abstract:A new pimarane diterpene was isolated from liquid cultures of Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi, a plant pathogenic fungus causing a form of canker disease of Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). The metabolite, characterized by spectroscopic methods, was named sphaeropsidin F. When assayed on test plants sphaeropsidin F caused less severe symptoms that those of sphaeropsidin A, which is the main toxin produced by this fungus. A solution of sphaeropsidin F (0.1 mg mL–1) tested on severed Cypress twigs caused yellowing of the apical leaves of C. sempervirens twigs, whereas C. macrocarpa and C. arizonica were not affected. This shows that the three Cypress species had a different grade of sensitivity to the action of the toxin. As already demonstrated for rings B and C, the modification of the A ring strongly reduced the biological activity of the molecule
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Sphaeropsidins B and C, phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes from Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila
1997Co-Authors: A. Evidente, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, O. Fierro, F. Giordano, A. MottaAbstract:Two phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes, named sphaeropsidins B and C, were isolated from two phytopathogenic fungi causing canker diseases of Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.): Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila, S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi produced both phytotoxins, whereas D. mutila produced sphaeropsidins C and A, the latter also being reported as the main phytotoxin of S. sapinea f. s. cupressi. Characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods, sphaeropsidin B proved to be a known fungal metabolite for the first time isolated from S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi, while sphaeropsidin C is a new tricyclic acid pimarane diterpene produced by both fungi. Assayed on severed twigs of Cypress and oak, sphaeropsidins B and C caused dieback on C. macrocarpa, browning and necrosis on C. sempervirens and yellowing on C. arizonica, necrosis on Quercus cerri and Q. ilex, and browning and necrosis on Q. robur. When injected into cortical tissues of Cypress and oak seedlings mentioned above, they caused on the former dark brown discolouration, browning of internal tissues and browning, and brown-blackish spots or necrotic lesions on the latter. On non-host plants like tomato and oat, sphaeropsidins B an C caused necrosis on cuttings and brown discolouration or stewing on the stem. In the antimicrobial assay, both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of seven test fungi
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Sphaeropsidins B and C, phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes from Sphaeropsis sapinea f. sp. Cupressi and Diplodia mutila
'Elsevier BV', 1997Co-Authors: A. Evidente, G. Bruno, L. Sparapano, O. Fierro, F. Giordano, A. MottaAbstract:Two phytotoxic pimarane diterpenes, named sphaeropsidins B and C, were isolated from two phytopathogenic fungi causing canker diseases of Italian Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.): Sphaeropsis sapinea f, sp. cupressi and Diplodia mutila. S. sapinea f sp. cupressi produced both phytotoxins, whereas D. mutila produced sphaeropsidins C and A, the latter also being reported as the main phytotoxin of S. sapinea f. s. cupressi. Characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods, sphaeropsidin B proved to be a known fungal metabolite for the first time isolated from S. sapinea f. sp. cupressi, while sphaeropsidin C is a new tricyclic acid pimarane diterpene produced by both fungi. Assayed on severed twigs of Cypress and oak, sphaeropsidins B and C caused dieback on C. macrocarpa, browning and necrosis on C. sempervirens and yellowing on C. arizonica, necrosis on Quercus cerri and e. ilex, and browning and necrosis on Q, robur. When injected into cortical tissues of Cypress and oak seedlings mentioned above, they caused on the former dark brown discolouration, browning of internal tissues and browning, and brown-blackish spots or necrotic lesions on the latter. On non-host plants like tomato and oat, sphaeropsidins B an C caused necrosis on cuttings and brown discolouration or stewing on the stem. In the antimicrobial assay, both compounds showed an inhibitory effect on mycelial growth of seven test fungi. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd
Akio Inoue - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relationships of stem surface area to other stem dimensions for japanese cedar cryptomeria japonica d don and japanese Cypress chamaecyparis obtusa endl trees
Journal of Forest Research, 2004Co-Authors: Akio InoueAbstract:I investigated the relationships between stem surface area outside bark and other stem dimensions for Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Japanese Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) trees. The stem dimensions used here were the basal area and the product of diameter at breast height (dbh) and total tree height. The regression equation of the stem surface area s against basal area g was s = 184.216 g for the cedar trees and s = 156.878 g for the Cypress trees. The slope of the equation was significantly different between the two species. For the same dbh, the cedar trees tended to have a higher total tree height than the Cypress trees. The cedar trees also had a larger surface area of relative stem form than the Cypress trees. These results indicated that the difference in the slope was produced by the differences in both the stem slenderness and tapering between the two species. On the other hand, the regression equation between the stem surface area and the product of dbh and total tree height dh was s = 1.937 dh for the cedar trees and s = 1.921 dh for the Cypress trees, whereas no significant difference in the slope was found. The obtained slopes for the cedar and Cypress trees seemed to be in accord with that for other coniferous species reported in earlier studies, suggesting that the variation in the slope among coniferous species would be small. The estimation from the basal area would provide a simpler means for estimating the stem surface area and would be useful in obtaining an approximation of the surface area. By contrast, the estimation from the product of dbh and total tree height would provide a more accurate and precise estimate as well as a wider applicable range, i.e., a parameter for physiological growth models. In conclusion, it could not be judged which regression equation examined in the present study was superior to the other, and thus it was important to select an appropriate equation depending both on the purpose and on the time and labor available.
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relationships of stem surface area to other stem dimensions for japanese cedar cryptomeria japonica d don and japanese Cypress chamaecyparis obtusa endl trees
Journal of Forest Research, 2004Co-Authors: Akio InoueAbstract:I investigated the relationships between stem surface area outside bark and other stem dimensions for Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and Japanese Cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) trees. The stem dimensions used here were the basal area and the product of diameter at breast height (dbh) and total tree height. The regression equation of the stem surface area s against basal area g was s = 184.216 g for the cedar trees and s = 156.878 g for the Cypress trees. The slope of the equation was significantly different between the two species. For the same dbh, the cedar trees tended to have a higher total tree height than the Cypress trees. The cedar trees also had a larger surface area of relative stem form than the Cypress trees. These results indicated that the difference in the slope was produced by the differences in both the stem slenderness and tapering between the two species. On the other hand, the regression equation between the stem surface area and the product of dbh and total tree height dh was s = 1.937 dh for the cedar trees and s = 1.921 dh for the Cypress trees, whereas no significant difference in the slope was found. The obtained slopes for the cedar and Cypress trees seemed to be in accord with that for other coniferous species reported in earlier studies, suggesting that the variation in the slope among coniferous species would be small. The estimation from the basal area would provide a simpler means for estimating the stem surface area and would be useful in obtaining an approximation of the surface area. By contrast, the estimation from the product of dbh and total tree height would provide a more accurate and precise estimate as well as a wider applicable range, i.e., a parameter for physiological growth models. In conclusion, it could not be judged which regression equation examined in the present study was superior to the other, and thus it was important to select an appropriate equation depending both on the purpose and on the time and labor available.
Thomas G Ciravolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sensitivity of water tupelo nyssa aquatica and bald Cypress taxodium distichum seedlings to manganese enrichment under water saturated conditions
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Kenneth W Mcleod, Thomas G CiravoloAbstract:In anaerobic soils of wetlands, Mn is highly available to plants because of the decreasing redox potential and pH of flooded soil. When growing adjacent to each another in wetland forests, water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica L.) had 10 times greater leaf manganese concentration than bald Cypress (Taxodium distichum [L.] Richard). This interspecific difference was examined over a range of manganese-enriched soil conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Water tupelo and bald Cypress seedlings were grown in fertilized potting soil enriched with 0, 40, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 mg Mn/L of soil and kept at saturated to slightly flooded conditions. Leaf Mn concentration was greater in water tupelo than bald Cypress for all but the highest Mn addition treatment. Growth of water tupelo seedlings was adversely affected in treatments greater than 160 mg Mn/L. Total biomass of water tupelo in the highest Mn treatment was less than 50% of the control. At low levels of added Mn, bald Cypress was able to restrict uptake of Mn at the roots with resulting low leaf Mn concentrations. Once that root restriction was exceeded, Mn concentration in bald Cypress leaves increased greatly with treatment; that is, the highest treatment was 40 times greater than control (4,603 vs 100 microg/g, respectively), but biomass of bald Cypress was unaffected by manganese additions. Bald Cypress, a tree that does not naturally accumulate manganese, does so under manganese-enriched conditions and without biomass reduction in contrast to water tupelo, which is severely affected by higher soil Mn concentrations. Thus, bald Cypress would be less affected by increased manganese availability in swamps receiving acidic inputs such as acid mine drainage, acid rain, or oxidization of pyritic soils.
