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Ulrike Strecker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic differentiation and reproductive isolation in a Cyprinodon fish species flock from Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico.
Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2006Co-Authors: Ulrike StreckerAbstract:The Cyprinodon species flock from Laguna Chichancanab, aged 8000 years, provides another potential case of sympatric speciation. The flock consists of seven morphologically distinct species, each within partially different trophic niches, and a group of specimens which cannot unequivocally be assigned to one of these species. Genetic analyses, based on mtDNA and five microsatellite loci, revealed significant genetic differentiation of one species, C. maya, from other members of the species flock, providing strong evidence for reproductive isolation. For the remaining members of the flock significant genetic structuring was detected, with some evidence of gene flow with the most abundant species C. beltrani. These analyses suggest that speciation proceeds with ongoing hybridisation, and further suggest that the morphologically unidentifiable specimens found in the lake are probably hybrids. I propose that in the Cyprinodon species flock besides disruptive selection sexual selection plays an important part in achieving and maintaining reproductive isolation.
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Characterization and cross‐species amplification of microsatellite loci in a Cyprinodon species flock
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2006Co-Authors: Ulrike StreckerAbstract:In this study, two new microsatellite loci from a library of Cyprinodon beltrani from Laguna Chichancanab, Mexico, were characterized. Additionally, cross-species amplification with primer pairs developed for other Cyprinodon species was performed. The 11 markers show moderate to high levels of polymorphism (two to 33 alleles) in six species of the Cyprinodon flock from Laguna Chichancanab and in their sister species Cyprinodon artifrons. These loci were characterized for population genetic study to detect gene flow between the different endemic pupfish species.
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description of a new species from laguna chichancanab yucatan mexico Cyprinodon suavium pisces Cyprinodontidae
Hydrobiologia, 2005Co-Authors: Ulrike StreckerAbstract:Cyprinodon suavium is a new species that belongs to the endemic species flock from Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan, Mexico, which is proposed to have evolved by sympatric speciation in the lake during the last 8000 years. C. suaviumis distinguished from all other known Cyprinodon species by a flattened and concave inter- and postorbital skull roof and a terminal mouth with distinctive thickened lips. The short gut length and dietary items found in the gut indicate that C. suavium is one of the carnivorous members of the flock.
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Cyprinodon esconditus a new pupfish from laguna chichancanab yucatan mexico Cyprinodontidae
Cybium, 2002Co-Authors: Ulrike StreckerAbstract:Cyprinodon esconditus est une espece nouvelle qui fait partie de l'ensemble Cyprinodon de la Laguna Chichancanab, Yucatan, Mexique. L'ensemble se compose de six especes. On suppose que ces especes ont evolue en sympatrie depuis 8,000 ans. Cyprinodon esconditus ressemble aux autres especes de cet ensemble pour les caracteres meristiques, la morphologie generale et la coloration. Les yeux sont plus petits et les longueurs predorsales et prepelviennes plus courtes. Le nombre de dents sur le premaxillaire differe de celui des autres especes: il est plus grand que chez C. beltrani, C. maya, C. verecundus et C. labiosus mais plus petit que chez C. simus.
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genetic divergence and speciation in an extremely young species flock in mexico formed by the genus Cyprinodon Cyprinodontidae teleostei
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 1996Co-Authors: Ulrike Strecker, Christian Meyer, Christian Sturmbauer, Horst WilkensAbstract:The lake Laguna Chichancanab contains one of the evolutionarily youngest species flocks known, composed of five endemic species of the genus Cyprinodon. The presumed sister species Cyprinodon artifrons still exists in marine coastal habitats. Sequences of the mitochondrial control region were obtained for C. artifrons (genes of 17 individuals sequenced) and for all five endemic species (genes of 32 individuals sequenced). While nine different haplotypes were found in C. artifrons, only a single haplotype was shared with the species from the laguna. Four additional haplotypes were found among the endemics. These four were most closely related to that single haplotype shared with C. artifrons. The deprivation in haplotypes among the endemics points to a small founder population or to bottlenecking. The distribution pattern of overlapping haplotypes in four of the five species suggests incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization among them. Complete reproductive isolation is only assumed for one species, C. maya, in which a single and unique haplotype was found.
Kevin V. Brix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of temperature acclimation on thermal tolerance, hypoxia tolerance and aerobic scope in two subspecies of sheepshead minnow; Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A Molecular & integrative physiology, 2019Co-Authors: Ellen H. Jung, Kevin V. Brix, Colin J. BraunerAbstract:Abstract The freshwater teleost Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Cvh) diverged from its euryhaline relative Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv) ~150 kya and these subspecies are physiologically distinct in their osmoregulatory capabilities. Cvv inhabits intertidal estuaries and saltwater marshes along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast, where they experience a broad temperature range from −1.9 to 43 °C and frequent bouts of hypoxia. In contrast, Cvh lives in several lakes in central Florida, where temperature is more stable (12–31 °C) and hypoxia is uncommon. To assess whether relaxed selective pressure on Cvh has resulted in reduced temperature and hypoxia tolerance, a comparative study on the effects of acclimation to 25, 30 and 35 °C on critical thermal tolerance (CTMax), hypoxia tolerance, and aerobic scope was performed. The CTMax was similar between subspecies and positively correlated with acclimation temperature. Neither subspecies, however, could survive at 38 °C for a prolonged period of time. In general, Cvv displayed greater hypoxia tolerance and aerobic scope relative to Cvh over the range of acclimation temperatures. Routine metabolic rate was significantly lower while maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope were significantly higher in Cvv, but only in fish acclimated to 30 °C. Overall, the different responses of Cvh to relaxed selective pressure suggest these traits are weakly linked physiologically in these fishes.
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comparative evaluation of na uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus lacepede and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi carr Cyprinodontiformes teleostei evaluation of nhe function in high and low na freshwater
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:Abstract The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus ( Cvv ), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥ 2mM Na + and a freshwater population ( Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh ) osmoregulates at ≥ 0.1mM Na + . We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na + uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na + concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na + uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na + uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 ( Cvv only) and nhe-3 ( Cvv and Cvh ). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv , but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh . Simultaneous measurement of Na + and T amm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na + acclimated fish. In Cvh , CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na + acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na + fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na + uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na + , while reducing Na + uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na + acclimated Cvh . This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na + uptake in Cvv and Cvh .
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Comparative evaluation of Na(+) uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacepede) and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Carr) (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei): Evaluation of NHE function in high and low Na(+) freshwater.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A Molecular & integrative physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:Abstract The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus ( Cvv ), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥ 2mM Na + and a freshwater population ( Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh ) osmoregulates at ≥ 0.1mM Na + . We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na + uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na + concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na + uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na + uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 ( Cvv only) and nhe-3 ( Cvv and Cvh ). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv , but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh . Simultaneous measurement of Na + and T amm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na + acclimated fish. In Cvh , CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na + acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na + fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na + uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na + , while reducing Na + uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na + acclimated Cvh . This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na + uptake in Cvv and Cvh .
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Comparative evaluation of Na+ uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacepede) and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Carr) (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei): Evaluation of NHE function in high and low Na+ freshwater Part A Molecular & integrative phys
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥2mM Na+ and a freshwater population (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh) osmoregulates at ≥0.1mM Na+. We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na+ uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na+ concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na+ uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na+ uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 (Cvv only) and nhe-3 (Cvv and Cvh). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv, but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh. Simultaneous measurement of Na+ and Tamm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na+ acclimated fish. In Cvh, CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na+ acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na+ fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na+ uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na+, while reducing Na+ uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na+ acclimated Cvh. This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na+ uptake in Cvv and Cvh.
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Comparative characterization of Na+ transport in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi: a model species complex for studying teleost invasion of freshwater
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Martin GrosellAbstract:The euryhaline fish Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus is capable of tolerating ambient salinities ranging from 0.3 to 160 PSU, but is incapable of long-term survival in freshwater (
Martin Grosell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparative evaluation of na uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus lacepede and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi carr Cyprinodontiformes teleostei evaluation of nhe function in high and low na freshwater
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:Abstract The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus ( Cvv ), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥ 2mM Na + and a freshwater population ( Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh ) osmoregulates at ≥ 0.1mM Na + . We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na + uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na + concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na + uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na + uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 ( Cvv only) and nhe-3 ( Cvv and Cvh ). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv , but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh . Simultaneous measurement of Na + and T amm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na + acclimated fish. In Cvh , CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na + acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na + fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na + uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na + , while reducing Na + uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na + acclimated Cvh . This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na + uptake in Cvv and Cvh .
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Comparative evaluation of Na(+) uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacepede) and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Carr) (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei): Evaluation of NHE function in high and low Na(+) freshwater.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A Molecular & integrative physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:Abstract The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus ( Cvv ), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥ 2mM Na + and a freshwater population ( Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh ) osmoregulates at ≥ 0.1mM Na + . We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na + uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na + concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na + uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na + uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 ( Cvv only) and nhe-3 ( Cvv and Cvh ). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv , but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh . Simultaneous measurement of Na + and T amm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na + acclimated fish. In Cvh , CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na + acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na + fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na + uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na + , while reducing Na + uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na + acclimated Cvh . This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na + uptake in Cvv and Cvh .
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Comparative evaluation of Na+ uptake in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Lacepede) and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi (Carr) (Cyprinodontiformes, Teleostei): Evaluation of NHE function in high and low Na+ freshwater Part A Molecular & integrative phys
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 2015Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Andrew J. Esbaugh, Edward M. Mager, Martin GrosellAbstract:The euryhaline pupfish, Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus (Cvv), can successfully osmoregulate in ≥2mM Na+ and a freshwater population (Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi; Cvh) osmoregulates at ≥0.1mM Na+. We previously demonstrated that Cvv relies on an apical NKCC and NHE in the gill for Na+ uptake in high (7mM) and intermediate (2mM) Na+ concentrations, while Cvh relies only on NHE for Na+ uptake. This study investigated whether differential NHE isoform use explains differences in Na+ uptake kinetics between these two populations. We further studied whether Cvh uses a NHE-Rh metabolon or carbonic anhydrase (CA) to overcome thermodynamic challenges of NHE function in dilute freshwater. Transfer to more dilute freshwater resulted in upregulation of nhe-2 (Cvv only) and nhe-3 (Cvv and Cvh). Relative expression of nhe-3 compared to nhe-2 was 2-fold higher in Cvv, but 200-fold higher in Cvh suggesting that nhe-3 expression is an important freshwater adaptation for Cvh. Simultaneous measurement of Na+ and Tamm flux under various conditions provided no support for a NHE-Rh metabolon in either population. Carbonic anhydrase activity in Cvv was comparable in 7 and 2mM Na+ acclimated fish. In Cvh, CA activity increased by 75% in 0.1mM Na+ acclimated fish compared to 7mM Na+ fish. Ethoxzolamide had variable effects, stimulating and reducing Na+ uptake in Cvv acclimated to 7 and 2mM Na+, while reducing Na+ uptake in 7 and 0.1mM Na+ acclimated Cvh. This suggests that CA plays important, but different roles in regulating Na+ uptake in Cvv and Cvh.
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Comparative characterization of Na+ transport in Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus and Cyprinodon variegatus hubbsi: a model species complex for studying teleost invasion of freshwater
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Kevin V. Brix, Martin GrosellAbstract:The euryhaline fish Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus is capable of tolerating ambient salinities ranging from 0.3 to 160 PSU, but is incapable of long-term survival in freshwater (
Craig A. Stockwell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of Potential Impacts of Exotic Species on Populations of a Threatened Species, White Sands Pupfish, Cyprinodon tularosa
Biological Invasions, 2006Co-Authors: David L. Rogowski, Craig A. StockwellAbstract:The potential impact of introduced species on rare taxa is of particular concern to conservation biologists. We evaluate the impacts of western mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) and virile crayfish ( Orconectes virilis ) on experimental populations of a threatened species, the White Sands pupfish ( Cyprinodon tularosa ). Forty experimental pupfish populations were exposed to one of four treatments; (a) 1 crayfish, (b) 4 crayfish, (c) 5 adult mosquitofish and (d) control. Pupfish population size and biomass was monitored over the duration of one breeding season. A repeated measure multiple analysis of covariance revealed a significant effect of treatments on response variables (population size and biomass) ( P
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Specificity of the Monogenean Gyrodactylus tularosae Kritsky and Stockwell, 2005, to Its Natural Host, the White Sands Pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa Miller and Echelle 1975)
Comparative Parasitology, 2006Co-Authors: Daniel S. Moen, Craig A. StockwellAbstract:We examined host specificity of a recently described parasite (Gyrodactylus tularosae Kritsky and Stockwell, 2005) to its natural host, the White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa Miller and Echelle, 1975), compared with a closely related congener, the sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus). In each of 8 replicates, 1 uninfected C. tularosa and 1 uninfected C. variegatus were exposed to 3 C. tularosa infected with G. tularosae over a 4-d exposure trial. Focal fish were subsequently isolated for 5 d to evaluate infection persistence. Experiment-wide fluke infection prevalence was 100% for C. tularosa throughout the experiment. Prevalence on C. variegatus increased to 100% by d 3 of exposure but declined in isolation to 50% on the last day of the experiment. Fluke intensity was significantly higher for C. tularosa than C. variegatus throughout the experiment. Following isolation, parasite intensity declined for both species. These data suggest that G. tularosae prefers its native host, C. tularosa, but it may be able to use C. variegatus as a transient host.
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NEW SPECIES OF GYRODACTYLUS (MONOGENOIDEA, GYRODACTYLIDAE) FROM THE WHITE SANDS PUPFISH, Cyprinodon TULAROSA, IN NEW MEXICO
The Southwestern Naturalist, 2005Co-Authors: Delane C. Kritsky, Craig A. StockwellAbstract:Abstract A new species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenoidea, Gyrodactylidae) is described from the skin of the White Sands pupfish, Cyprinodon tularosa Miller and Echelle, 1975 (Cyprinodontiformes, Cyprinodontidae) from Salt Creek, White Sands Missile Range, Tularosa Basin, New Mexico. The new species is compared with the 6 species of Gyrodactylidae known to parasitize pupfish in the southern United States.
Amy R. Mccune - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differences in Cell Proliferation and Craniofacial Phenotype of Closely Related Species in the Pupfish Genus Cyprinodon.
The Journal of heredity, 2019Co-Authors: Ezra S. Lencer, Amy R. MccuneAbstract:Understanding the genetic basis for phenotypic differences is fundamental to the study of macroevolutionary patterns of biological diversity. While technological advances in DNA sequencing have made researching genetic variation in wild taxa routine, fully understanding how these variants affect phenotype requires taking the next step to investigate how genetic changes alter cell and tissue interactions that ultimately produce phenotypes. In this article, we investigate a role for cell proliferation as a developmental source of craniofacial diversity in a radiation of 3 species of Cyprinodon from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Patterns of cell proliferation in the heads of hatching-age fish differ among species of Cyprinodon, and correlate with differences in allometric growth rate among the jaws of 3 distinct species. Regional patterns of cell proliferation in the head are complex, resulting in an unintuitive result in which lower levels of cell proliferation in the posterior head region are associated with the development of relatively larger jaws in one species. We combine these data with previously published morphological and genomic data to show how studying the mechanisms generating phenotype at the cellular and tissue levels of biological organization can help mechanistically link genomic studies with classic morphological studies.
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An embryonic staging series up to hatching for Cyprinodon variegatus: An emerging fish model for developmental, evolutionary, and ecological research.
Journal of morphology, 2018Co-Authors: Ezra S. Lencer, Amy R. MccuneAbstract:Using multiple taxa to research development is necessary for making general conclusions about developmental patterns and mechanisms. We present a staging series for Cyprinodon variegatus as a basis for further study of the developmental biology of fishes in the genus Cyprinodon and for comparative work on teleost fishes beyond the standard models. Cyprinodon are small, euryhaline fishes, widely distributed in fresh, brackish, and hypersaline waters of southern and eastern North America. Cyprinodontids are closely related to fundulids, providing a comparative reference point to the embryological model, Fundulus heteroclitus. Ecologists and evolutionary biologists commonly study Cyprinodon, and we have been using Cyprinodon to study skull variation and its genetic basis among closely related species. We divided embryonic development of C. variegatus into 34 morphologically identifiable stages. We reference our staging series to that already defined for a related model species, Oryzias latipes (medaka) that is studied by a large community of researchers. We provide a description of the early chondrogenesis and ossification of skull and caudal fin bones during the latter stages of embryonic development. We show that Cyprinodon are tractable for studying development. Eggs can be obtained easily from breeding pairs and our study provides a staging system to facilitate future developmental studies.
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The Cyprinodon variegatus genome reveals gene expression changes underlying differences in skull morphology among closely related species
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Ezra S. Lencer, Richard Harrison, Wesley C. Warren, Amy R. MccuneAbstract:Background Understanding the genetic and developmental origins of phenotypic novelty is central to the study of biological diversity. In this study we identify modifications to the expression of genes at four developmental stages that may underlie jaw morphological differences among three closely related species of pupfish (genus Cyprinodon ) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Pupfishes on San Salvador Island are trophically differentiated and include two endemic species that have evolved jaw morphologies unlike that of any other species in the genus Cyprinodon . Results We find that gene expression differs significantly across recently diverged species of pupfish. Genes such as Bmp4 and calmodulin, previously implicated in jaw diversification in African cichlid fishes and Galapagos finches, were not found to be differentially expressed among species of pupfish. Instead we find multiple growth factors and cytokine/chemokine genes to be differentially expressed among these pupfish taxa. These include both genes and pathways known to affect craniofacial development, such as Wnt signaling, as well as novel genes and pathways not previously implicated in craniofacial development. These data highlight both shared and potentially unique sources of jaw diversity in pupfish and those identified in other evolutionary model systems such as Galapagos finches and African cichlids. Conclusions We identify modifications to the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling, Igf signaling, and the inflammation response as promising avenues for future research. Our project provides insight into the magnitude of gene expression changes contributing to the evolution of morphological novelties, such as jaw structure, in recently diverged pupfish species.
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the Cyprinodon variegatus genome reveals gene expression changes underlying differences in skull morphology among closely related species
BMC Genomics, 2017Co-Authors: Ezra S. Lencer, Wesley C. Warren, Richard G Harrison, Amy R. MccuneAbstract:Understanding the genetic and developmental origins of phenotypic novelty is central to the study of biological diversity. In this study we identify modifications to the expression of genes at four developmental stages that may underlie jaw morphological differences among three closely related species of pupfish (genus Cyprinodon) from San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Pupfishes on San Salvador Island are trophically differentiated and include two endemic species that have evolved jaw morphologies unlike that of any other species in the genus Cyprinodon. We find that gene expression differs significantly across recently diverged species of pupfish. Genes such as Bmp4 and calmodulin, previously implicated in jaw diversification in African cichlid fishes and Galapagos finches, were not found to be differentially expressed among species of pupfish. Instead we find multiple growth factors and cytokine/chemokine genes to be differentially expressed among these pupfish taxa. These include both genes and pathways known to affect craniofacial development, such as Wnt signaling, as well as novel genes and pathways not previously implicated in craniofacial development. These data highlight both shared and potentially unique sources of jaw diversity in pupfish and those identified in other evolutionary model systems such as Galapagos finches and African cichlids. We identify modifications to the expression of genes involved in Wnt signaling, Igf signaling, and the inflammation response as promising avenues for future research. Our project provides insight into the magnitude of gene expression changes contributing to the evolution of morphological novelties, such as jaw structure, in recently diverged pupfish species.
