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T Tatlioglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitochondrial genome variation in Allium ampeloprasum and its wild relatives
Euphytica, 2004Co-Authors: T Engelke, E. Agbicodo, T TatliogluAbstract:Limitation in mitochondrial genome diversity of leek, revealed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses with mitochondrial gene probes, prevent a Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system in elite populations. However, mitochondrial genome diversity was detected in Allium ampeloprasum L. wild accession and landraces, as well as in pearl onion. Within this plant material, nine mitotypes were distinguished and could be used in order to broaden the genetic basis of leek. A chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is usable as a marker for the sterility inducing Cytoplasms (S_1) in chives ( Allium schoenoprasum L.) and in onion ( Allium cepa L.) for (S) and (T) Cytoplasm. This chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration is also present in the subgenus Allium , revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, only a faint amplicon was observed in a few accessions investigated herein, suggesting that this fragment might be present to a lesser level in mitochondrial DNA, as a sublimon.
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the fertility restorer genes x and t alter the transcripts of a novel mitochondrial gene implicated in cms1 in chives allium schoenoprasum l
Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 2004Co-Authors: T Engelke, T TatliogluAbstract:A chimeric mitochondrial gene configuration, mainly derived from sequences associated with the essential genes atp 9 and atp 6, was isolated from the sterility-inducing Cytoplasm of the CMS1 system in chives ( Allium schoenoprasum L.). This sequence is not found in four other Cytoplasm types from chives; however, two copies are present in the mitochondrial DNA of CMS1-inducing Cytoplasm, whose 5′-sequences are homologous to those of the atp 9 gene. We provide evidence to show that one of the two CMS1-specific copies is actively transcribed, and two transcripts which terminate at the same position but differ in their 5′initiation sites were localized using the RACE technique. These transcripts of 942 and 961 nt, respectively, were confirmed to be the major products of this gene in CMS1 plants by Northern hybridization. However, smaller transcripts were found to accumulate in plants in which fertility had been restored. Restoration of fertility was induced either by the gene X, or the gene T at high temperatures. In (S1) X. genotypes a transcript with an estimated size of 440 nt was detected in all tissues examined. An additional hybridization signal with an estimated size of ~850 nt is expressed in temperature-sensitive plants [(S1) xxT.], and the intensity of a minor 350-nt transcript is enhanced. These latter alterations, conditioned by the gene T, occur independently of the growth temperature, but are limited to the flowers; they were not observed in leaves. The CMS1 transcripts are edited at seven positions and contain an ORF with a maximum coding capacity of 780 nt (containing the start codon derived from the atp 9 gene in-frame). Use of the third in-frame start codon would result in the synthesis of a protein of a size very close to that of a previously described CMS1-specific protein, which has an apparent molecular weight of 18 kDa. The coding sequence that begins at this third in-frame start codon is also present in the sterility-inducing Cytoplasms (S) and (T) in the onion, and absent in (N) Cytoplasm.
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molecular analysis of Cytoplasmic male sterility in chives allium schoenoprasum l
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1993Co-Authors: H Potz, T TatliogluAbstract:The mitochondria of chive plants with normal N or male-sterile S Cytoplasms have been examined by restriction fragment analysis and Southern hybridizations of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and in organello protein biosynthesis. Restriction fragment patterns of the mtDNA differed extensively between N-and S-Cytoplasms. The percentage of fragments with different mobility varied between 44–48% depending on the restriction enzyme used. In contrast to mtDNA, the restriction fragment patterns of the chloropolast DNA from N- and S-Cytoplasms were identical. The organization of the analyzed mitochondrial genes coxII, coxIII, nad1 and nad3 was different in N- and S-Cytoplasms. Comparison of mitochondrial proteins analyzed by in organello translation revealed an 18-kDa protein present only in S-Cytoplasm. The restorer gene X suppressed the synthesis of that protein in S-Cytoplasm. Thus, the 18-kDa protein seems to be associated with the Cytoplasmic male-sterile phenotype.
G. Michaelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from five morphologically distinct Beta vulgaris cultivars: sugar beet, fodder beet, beet root, foliage beet, and Swiss chard
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1990Co-Authors: W. Ecke, G. MichaelisAbstract:Two Cytoplasms, N and S, are used in the breeding of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris var. altissima . These Cytoplasms can be distinguished by their mitochondrial DNA. In an attempt to detect new Cytoplasms, we compared the restriction profiles of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from five different cultivars of Beta vulgaris . All restriction patterns of chloroplast DNA were identical. With the exception of sugar beet with S-Cytoplasm, all cultivars studied showed the same restriction profile of mitochondrial DNA, indicating that these cultivars all contain the N-Cytoplasm. These results are discussed with regard to the large morphological differences of the cultivars and the Cytoplasmic variability found in natural populations of the wild beet, Beta maritima .
Patil V Jagannath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of types of sterile Cytoplasm on the resistance to sorghum shoot fly atherigona soccata
Plant Breeding, 2012Co-Authors: Umakanth V Akula, Padmaja G Poluru, Ashok Kumar Jangam, Patil V JagannathAbstract:With 2 figures and 3 tables Abstract Shoot fly Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is one of the most important insect pests affecting sorghum during early stages of crop growth. Commercial production of hybrid seed in sorghums relies on a single source of male sterility (A1) resulting in restricted nuclear genetic diversity of male-sterile (A) as well as restorer (R) lines. Alternative Cytoplasms should be exploited to avoid insect pest outbreaks that might be related to the use of single source of Cytoplasm. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify the non-milo Cytoplasms that are less susceptible to shoot fly. Four isogenic lines in four male-sterile backgrounds, viz. A1, A2, A3 and A4, and their corresponding maintainer (B lines) lines were studied using a fishmeal technique across rainy and postrainy seasons of 2006–07. The A4 Cytoplasm was found to be least susceptible to shoot fly as it was comparatively less preferred for oviposition and had lower deadheart formation across seasons than the other Cytoplasms tested and thus can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids.
W. Ecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from five morphologically distinct Beta vulgaris cultivars: sugar beet, fodder beet, beet root, foliage beet, and Swiss chard
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1990Co-Authors: W. Ecke, G. MichaelisAbstract:Two Cytoplasms, N and S, are used in the breeding of sugar beet, Beta vulgaris var. altissima . These Cytoplasms can be distinguished by their mitochondrial DNA. In an attempt to detect new Cytoplasms, we compared the restriction profiles of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from five different cultivars of Beta vulgaris . All restriction patterns of chloroplast DNA were identical. With the exception of sugar beet with S-Cytoplasm, all cultivars studied showed the same restriction profile of mitochondrial DNA, indicating that these cultivars all contain the N-Cytoplasm. These results are discussed with regard to the large morphological differences of the cultivars and the Cytoplasmic variability found in natural populations of the wild beet, Beta maritima .
Wolfgang Friedt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The CMS-associated 16 kDa protein encoded by orfH522 in the PET1 Cytoplasm is also present in other male-sterile Cytoplasms of sunflower.
Plant Molecular Biology, 1996Co-Authors: Renate Horn, Joachim E. G. Hustedt, Andreas Horstmeyer, Josef Hahnen, Klaus Zetsche, Wolfgang FriedtAbstract:In sunflower plants carrying the PET1 Cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) is associated with a new open reading frame (orfH522) in the 3′-flanking region of the atpA gene and an additional 16 kDa protein. Twenty-seven male-sterile Cytoplasms of different origin were studied for the expression of the 16 kDa protein. In addition to the PET1 Cytoplasm nine other male-sterile Cytoplasms express the CMS-associated protein. These CMS sources originate from different interspecific crosses, from spontaneously occurring male-sterile plants in wild sunflower and from induced mutagenesis. Polyclonal antisera were raised against fusion proteins which contain 421 bp of the 3′-coding region of orfH522 to verify by immunological methods the identity of the protein in the other CMS Cytoplasms. The anti-ORFH522 antiserum showed a positive reaction in the immunoblot with all CMS Cytoplasms expressing the 16 kDa protein. Investigations of the mitochondrial DNA demonstrated that all ten CMS Cytoplasms which express the 16 kDa protein have the same organization at the atpA locus. OrfH522 is located in the 3′-flanking region of the atpA gene. Transcript analyses using atpA and orfH522 as probes gave the same transcript pattern for the investigated CMS Cytoplasms, just as for PET1. The MAX1 Cytoplasm has an orfH522-related sequence but does not synthesize the 16 kDa protein. Using the sodium carbonate treatment the 16 kDa protein proved to be membrane-bound. Computer analyses predict that the hydrophobic N-terminal region of ORFH522 may form a transmembrane helix functioning as membrane anchor.
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Molecular analysis of the cms-inducing MAX1 Cytoplasm in sunflower.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1994Co-Authors: Volker Hahn, Wolfgang FriedtAbstract:DNA from different male sterility-inducing sunflower Cytoplasms was investigated in order to determine whether the Cytoplasmic male sterility-inducing insertion of the PET1 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is present in other Cytoplasms. In one of these Cytoplasms (MAX1) the mtDNA shows 93% sequence homology to the orfH522 of the PET1 mtDNA, which is probably responsible for Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in the latter Cytoplasm. In contrast to the situation in the PET1 mitochondrial genome, no transcription of the orfH522-related sequence could be detected in lines with the MAX1 Cytoplasm. The organization of the MAX1 mtDNA and the mtDNA of a fertile line is shown to be widely different. In the study described here, homology to the mtDNA insertion was also detected in a fertile Helianthus maximiliani population, whereas DNA of four other H. maximiliani populations showed no hybridization signals.
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Molecular Analysis of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus)
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 1993Co-Authors: R. Horn, Volker Hahn, Wolfgang FriedtAbstract:ABSTRACTThe most thoroughly investigated CMS type in sunflower is the PETI (or Leclercq) Cytoplasm. The organization of the mtDNA of male sterile (PETI Cytoplasm) and fertile lines differs only by an 11 kb inversion and a 5 kb insertion. Due to this insertion a new open reading frame. orfH522, is created in the 3'-flanking region of the atpA gene. The presence and transcription of the orfH522 correlates with the CMS phenotype. A homology to the 5 kb insertion could also he detected in another male sterile Cytoplasm in sunflower, MAXI, and in one population of H. maximiliani (MAX30). However, in the MAXI Cytoplasm the homologous region is not localized in the 3'-flanking region of the atpA gene. Sequence analysis of this region revealed that there exists a homology of about 90% to. both, the orfH522 and the orfH873.The mitochondrially encoded in organello translation products of male sterile, contrary to fertile lines, show an additional 16 kD polypeptide. In the other investigated male sterile Cytoplasms ...
