The Experts below are selected from a list of 2052162 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kie Funakoshi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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apatite coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:Abstract A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2 powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1 h at 37 °C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition.
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Apatite-coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1h at 37°C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Takashi Nonami - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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apatite coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:Abstract A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2 powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1 h at 37 °C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition.
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Apatite-coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1h at 37°C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Hiroyuki Hase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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apatite coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:Abstract A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2 powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1 h at 37 °C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition.
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Apatite-coated titanium dioxide photocatalyst for air purification
Catalysis Today, 2004Co-Authors: Takashi Nonami, Hiroyuki Hase, Kie FunakoshiAbstract:A multifunctional composite material, titanium dioxide covered with apatite, has been developed for application in air purification and as an antimicrobial, antifungal, and antifouling coating. This composite can absorb and decompose bacteria and various other materials. TiO2powder was soaked in a simulated physiological solution containing phosphate ions for periods of about 1h at 37°C. The composite material has the following characteristics: (1) the apatite adsorbs contaminants even without exposure to light; (2) material adsorbed by the apatite is decomposed by the titanium dioxide photocatalyst on exposure to light; (3) the apatite is used as an inert spacer, allowing blending of the material with resins, organic coatings, and other organic materials; (4) though the photocatalyst requires some time to fully decompose organic materials, capture of contaminants by the apatite ensures complete decomposition. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Nico Eisenhauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Decomposer diversity and identity influence plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning.
Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Peter B. Reich, Forest IsbellAbstract:Plant productivity and other ecosystem functions often increase with plant diversity at a local scale. Alongside various plant-centered explanations for this pattern, there is accumulating evidence that multi-trophic interactions shape this relationship. Here, we investigated for the first time if plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning are mediated or driven by Decomposer animal diversity and identity using a double-diversity microcosm experiment. We show that many ecosystem processes and ecosystem multifunctionality (herbaceous shoot biomass production, litter removal, and N uptake) were affected by both plant and Decomposer diversity, with ecosystem process rates often being maximal at intermediate to high plant and Decomposer diversity and minimal at both low plant and Decomposer diversity. Decomposers relaxed interspecific plant competition by enlarging chemical (increased N uptake and surface-litter decomposition) and spatial (increasing deep-root biomass) habitat space and by promoting plant complementarity. Anecic earthworms and isopods functioned as key Decomposers; although Decomposer diversity effects did not solely rely on these two Decomposer species, positive plant net biodiversity and complementarity effects only occurred in the absence of isopods and the presence of anecic earthworms. Using a structural equation model, we explained 76% of the variance in plant complementarity, identified direct and indirect effect paths, and showed that the presence of key Decomposers accounted for approximately three-quarters of the explained variance. We conclude that Decomposer animals have been underappreciated as contributing agents of plant diversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Elevated Decomposer performance at high plant diversity found in previous experiments likely positively feeds back to plant performance, thus contributing to the positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning.
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Decomposer diversity and identity influence plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning
Ecology, 2012Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Peter B. Reich, Forest IsbellAbstract:Plant productivity and other ecosystem functions often increase with plant diversity at a local scale. Alongside various plant-centered explanations for this pattern, there is accumulating evidence that multi-trophic interactions shape this relationship. Here, we investigated for the first time if plant diversity effects on ecosystem functioning are mediated or driven by Decomposer animal diversity and identity using a double-diversity microcosm experiment. We show that many ecosystem processes and ecosystem multifunctionality (herbaceous shoot biomass production, litter removal, and N uptake) were affected by both plant and Decomposer diversity, with ecosystem process rates often being maximal at intermediate to high plant and Decomposer diversity and minimal at both low plant and Decomposer diversity. Decomposers relaxed interspecific plant competition by enlarging chemical (increased N uptake and surface-litter decomposition) and spatial (increasing deep-root biomass) habitat space and by promoting pla...
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inconsistent impacts of Decomposer diversity on the stability of aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions
Oecologia, 2011Co-Authors: Nico Eisenhauer, Martin SchadlerAbstract:The intensive discussion on the importance of biodiversity for the stability of essential processes in ecosystems has prompted a multitude of studies since the middle of the last century. Nevertheless, research has been extremely biased by focusing on the producer level, while studies on the impacts of Decomposer diversity on the stability of ecosystem functions are lacking. Here, we investigate the impacts of Decomposer diversity on the stability (reliability) of three important aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions: primary productivity (shoot and root biomass), litter decomposition, and herbivore infestation. For this, we analyzed the results of three laboratory experiments manipulating Decomposer diversity (1–3 species) in comparison to Decomposer-free treatments in terms of variability of the measured variables. Decomposer diversity often significantly but inconsistently affected the stability of all aboveground and belowground ecosystem functions investigated in the present study. While primary productivity was mainly destabilized, litter decomposition and aphid infestation were essentially stabilized by increasing Decomposer diversity. However, impacts of Decomposer diversity varied between plant community and fertility treatments. There was no general effect of the presence of Decomposers on stability and no trend toward weaker effects in fertilized communities and legume communities. This indicates that impacts of Decomposers are based on more than effects on nutrient availability. Although inconsistent impacts complicate the estimation of consequences of belowground diversity loss, underpinning mechanisms of the observed patterns are discussed. Impacts of Decomposer diversity on the stability of essential ecosystem functions differed between plant communities of varying composition and fertility, implicating that human-induced changes of biodiversity and land-use management might have unpredictable effects on the processes mankind relies on. This study therefore points to the necessity of also considering soil feedback mechanisms in order to gain a comprehensive and holistic understanding of the impacts of current global change phenomena on the stability of essential ecosystem functions.
Mengbo Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weakly-Supervised Learning of a Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Yanqing Feng, Lunwen Wang, Mengbo ZhangAbstract:Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) trained on the pixel-wise annotated images have dramatically improved the state-of-the-art in semantic segmentation. However, due to the high cost of labeling training data, its application has great limitation. In this paper, we propose a DCNNs model for generating the pixel-level labels using the image-level annotation. The model consists of an encoder-decoder, a feature Decomposer, and a multi-label classifier. The encoder extracts the deep convolutional feature maps of the input image. The feature Decomposer can decompose the convolutional feature extracted by the encoder into feature components of different semantics. The Decomposer is based on the orthogonal non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) technology. The function of the decoder is to map the feature components of different semantics to the input resolution images. The decoder uses the position index of maximum pooling provided by the corresponding encoder to perform non-linear up-sampling, which eliminates the learning requirement of up-sampling. Since the image reconstruction is conducted according to the semantic categories, image regions of different semantics are restored to different images. Then, the regions of different semantics can be segmented through the posted-processing algorithms. The experimental results on open data set show that the proposed model outperforms some recently developed methods.
