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John C Little - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting diffused bubble oxygen transfer rate using the discrete bubble model
Water Research, 2002Co-Authors: Daniel Frank Mcginnis, John C LittleAbstract:A discrete-bubble model that predicts the rate of oxygen transfer in diffused-bubble systems is evaluated. Key inputs are the applied gas flow rate and the initial bubble size distribution. The model accounts for changes in the volume of individual bubbles due to transfer of oxygen and nitrogen (and hence changing partial pressure), variation in hydrostatic pressure, and changes in temperature. The bubble-rise velocity and mass-transfer coefficient, both known functions of the bubble diameter, are continually adjusted. The model is applied to predict the results of diffused-bubble oxygen transfer tests conducted in a 14-m Deep Tank at three air flow rates. All of the test data are predicted to within 15%. The range of bubble diameters (0.2-2 mm) spans the region of greatest variation in rise velocity and mass-transfer coefficient. For simplicity, the Sauter-mean diameter is used rather than the full bubble size distribution without loss of accuracy. The model should prove useful in the design and optimization of hypolimnetic oxygenation systems, as well as other diffused-bubble applications.
Daniel Frank Mcginnis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predicting diffused bubble oxygen transfer rate using the discrete bubble model
Water Research, 2002Co-Authors: Daniel Frank Mcginnis, John C LittleAbstract:A discrete-bubble model that predicts the rate of oxygen transfer in diffused-bubble systems is evaluated. Key inputs are the applied gas flow rate and the initial bubble size distribution. The model accounts for changes in the volume of individual bubbles due to transfer of oxygen and nitrogen (and hence changing partial pressure), variation in hydrostatic pressure, and changes in temperature. The bubble-rise velocity and mass-transfer coefficient, both known functions of the bubble diameter, are continually adjusted. The model is applied to predict the results of diffused-bubble oxygen transfer tests conducted in a 14-m Deep Tank at three air flow rates. All of the test data are predicted to within 15%. The range of bubble diameters (0.2-2 mm) spans the region of greatest variation in rise velocity and mass-transfer coefficient. For simplicity, the Sauter-mean diameter is used rather than the full bubble size distribution without loss of accuracy. The model should prove useful in the design and optimization of hypolimnetic oxygenation systems, as well as other diffused-bubble applications.
Brill Richard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential for electropositive metal to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Bouyoucos Ian, Bushnell Peter, Brill RichardAbstract:Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m Deep Tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed
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Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Bouyoucos Ian, Bushnell Peter, Brill RichardAbstract:Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m Deep Tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed. El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturión Atlántico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13–003 Resumen Las poblaciones del esturión atlántico ( Acipenser oxyrhynchus ) han sido declaradas como en peligro o amenazadas bajo el Acta de Especies en Peligro de los Estados Unidos. Las medidas efectivas para repeler a los esturiones de los instrumentos de pesca serían benéficas para los peces y los pescadores ya que podrían reducir la mortalidad asociada a la pesca y la necesidad de los cierres temporales y de área de pesquerías específicas. Algunos peces chondrosteos (p. ej.: esturiones y peces espátula) pueden detectar gradientes débiles de campos eléctricos (posiblemente tan bajos como 5 μV cm −1 ) debido a grupos de electroreceptores (ámpulas de Lorenzini) en su hocico y opérculos. Los campos eléctricos débiles, como aquellos producidos por metales electropositivos (comúnmente mezcla de elementos lantánidos), podrían entonces ser usados potencialmente como un disuasivo. Para probar esta idea, filmamos las respuestas conductuales de esturiones juveniles (31 – 43 cm de largo) a metales electropositivos (principalmente una mezcla de los elementos lantánidos neodimio y praseodimio) tanto en la presencia como en la ausencia de estímulos de alimento. Las pruebas se realizaron en un tanque de ≈ 2.5 metros de diámetro x 0.3 m de profundidad, y las conductas de los peces se filmaron con una cámara digital de video colocada sobre el tanque. Las filmaciones después se digitaron (sistema de coordenadas x, y), se calculó la distancia entre los peces y el metal electropositivo y se resumió la información al compilar las distribuciones de la frecuencia con contenedores de 5 cm. Los esturiones juveniles mostraron clara evitación del metal electropositivo pero sólo cuando el alimento estaba presente. Basándonos en nuestros resultados, concluimos que los metales electropositivos, u otras fuentes de campos eléctricos débiles, puede ser usada eventualmente para reducir las interacciones del esturión atlántico con los instrumentos de pesca, pero es necesario llevar a cabo más investigaciones.Peer Reviewedhttp://Deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102646/1/cobi12200.pd
Bouyoucos Ian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Potential for electropositive metal to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Bouyoucos Ian, Bushnell Peter, Brill RichardAbstract:Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m Deep Tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed
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Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear
'Wiley', 2014Co-Authors: Bouyoucos Ian, Bushnell Peter, Brill RichardAbstract:Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery‐associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Μv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31–43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter × 0.3 m Deep Tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5‐cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed. El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturión Atlántico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13–003 Resumen Las poblaciones del esturión atlántico ( Acipenser oxyrhynchus ) han sido declaradas como en peligro o amenazadas bajo el Acta de Especies en Peligro de los Estados Unidos. Las medidas efectivas para repeler a los esturiones de los instrumentos de pesca serían benéficas para los peces y los pescadores ya que podrían reducir la mortalidad asociada a la pesca y la necesidad de los cierres temporales y de área de pesquerías específicas. Algunos peces chondrosteos (p. ej.: esturiones y peces espátula) pueden detectar gradientes débiles de campos eléctricos (posiblemente tan bajos como 5 μV cm −1 ) debido a grupos de electroreceptores (ámpulas de Lorenzini) en su hocico y opérculos. Los campos eléctricos débiles, como aquellos producidos por metales electropositivos (comúnmente mezcla de elementos lantánidos), podrían entonces ser usados potencialmente como un disuasivo. Para probar esta idea, filmamos las respuestas conductuales de esturiones juveniles (31 – 43 cm de largo) a metales electropositivos (principalmente una mezcla de los elementos lantánidos neodimio y praseodimio) tanto en la presencia como en la ausencia de estímulos de alimento. Las pruebas se realizaron en un tanque de ≈ 2.5 metros de diámetro x 0.3 m de profundidad, y las conductas de los peces se filmaron con una cámara digital de video colocada sobre el tanque. Las filmaciones después se digitaron (sistema de coordenadas x, y), se calculó la distancia entre los peces y el metal electropositivo y se resumió la información al compilar las distribuciones de la frecuencia con contenedores de 5 cm. Los esturiones juveniles mostraron clara evitación del metal electropositivo pero sólo cuando el alimento estaba presente. Basándonos en nuestros resultados, concluimos que los metales electropositivos, u otras fuentes de campos eléctricos débiles, puede ser usada eventualmente para reducir las interacciones del esturión atlántico con los instrumentos de pesca, pero es necesario llevar a cabo más investigaciones.Peer Reviewedhttp://Deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/102646/1/cobi12200.pd
A M Nosov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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growth and biosynthetic characteristics of ginseng panax japonicus var repens Deep Tank cell culture in bioreactors
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 2006Co-Authors: E V Demidova, O V Reshetnyak, A V Oreshnikov, A M NosovAbstract:The aim of the work was to study the growth characteristics of cultured cells of Panax japonicus var. repens, an endemic plant of the Primorski Krai of Russia, grown in laboratory bioreactors and to determine the content of basic ginsenosides under these conditions. An increase of the inoculum size of the culture produced higher biomass accumulation and economic coefficient but slightly reduced the specific growth rate. An increase in the auxin concentration in a medium by adding 2,4-D practically did not affect growth characteristics of the culture but significantly reduced the size of cell aggregates. In all treatments tested, all major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rd, Rf, Rg1, and Re) were found in the culture. The total ginsenoside content was 2–3% per biomass dry weight. Meantime, ginsenosides of the Rg-series with protopanaxatriol as aglycone prevailed (70% of the total ginsenoside content). The culture conditions considerably affected the ratio of individual ginsenosides. In 2,4-D-containing medium, the preferential synthesis of Re ginsenoside was observed while both Rg1 and Re were synthesized in other treatments.
