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Patrick J Kehoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deflation and depression is there an empirical link
The American Economic Review, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew Atkeson, Patrick J KehoeAbstract:Are Deflation and depression empirically linked? No, concludes a broad historical study of inflation and real output growth rates. Deflation and depression do seem to have been linked during the 1930s. But in the rest of the data for 17 countries and more than 100 years, there is virtually no evidence of such a link.
Andrew Atkeson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deflation and depression is there an empirical link
The American Economic Review, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew Atkeson, Patrick J KehoeAbstract:Are Deflation and depression empirically linked? No, concludes a broad historical study of inflation and real output growth rates. Deflation and depression do seem to have been linked during the 1930s. But in the rest of the data for 17 countries and more than 100 years, there is virtually no evidence of such a link.
Simon J Armitage - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deflation in the dustiest place on earth the bodele depression chad
Geomorphology, 2009Co-Authors: Charlie S Bristow, Nicholas Drake, Simon J ArmitageAbstract:The Bodele Depression in Chad is the largest single source of dust on Earth because of a combination of strong near surface winds and a large reservoir of readily eroded and easily entrained, low density sediment. During the Holocene and Late Pleistocene, the Bodele Depression was host to a great lake–palaeolake Megachad–that is now completely desiccated leaving the lake bed sediments exposed to Deflation. Deflation in the Bodele Depression is revealed in erosional remnants of lake bed deposits exposed as yardangs on the lake floor. Erosional remnants indicate that locally up to 4 m of sediment has been removed by Deflation. Optically-stimulated luminescence dating shows that this occurred in less than 2400 years, giving a rate of Deflation of at least 1.6 mm yr− 1. A range of other geomorphological features indicate that in some areas rates of Deflation may be greater than or equal to 10 mm yr− 1. Deflation appears to be greatest in an arc around the northeastern margins of the lake basin where the diatomite deposits have been removed and revealed an underlying network of distributary channels preserved as gravel capped ridges. The ridges, which are part of an inverted topography, are interpreted as deltaic distributary channels from an inland delta similar to the Okavango Delta. Examples of barchan dunes exist that were flooded by the palaeolake and which have now been exhumed from beneath layers of diatomite. The distribution of extensive Deflation around the northeasterly, upwind end of the Bodele Depression probably results from a combination of large wind velocities, an upwind source of abrasive sand, and thinner diatomite deposits around the lake margin. Satellite image analysis shows that outcropping diatomite covers 24,049 km2 of the Bodele Depression. Furthermore, the area from which diatomite has been removed by Deflation is around 14,000 km2. Combining this information with the ages and rates of Deflation mentioned above indicates that some 61,000 km3 of diatomite has been eroded from the Bodele Depression during the past 1000 years.
Mamoru Takeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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excitatory mechanism of Deflationary slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors in the rat lung
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2002Co-Authors: Shigeji Matsumoto, Takeshi Tanimoto, Chikako Saiki, Mizuho Ikeda, Toshimi Nishikawa, Shinki Yoshida, Mamoru TakedaAbstract:The excitatory responses of Deflationary slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor (SAR) activity to lung Deflation ranging from approximately −15 to −25 cm of H 2 O for approximately 5 s were examined before and after administration of flecainide, a Na + channel blocker, and K + channel blockers, such as 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA). The experiments were performed in anesthetized, artificially ventilated rats after unilateral vagotomy. The Deflationary SARs increased their activity during lung Deflation and its effect became more pronounced by increasing the degree of negative pressure. During lung Deflation the average values for the Deflationary SAR adaptation index (AI) were below 40%. Intravenous administration of veratridine (50 μg/kg), an Na + channel opener, stimulated Deflationary SAR activity: one maintained excitatory activity mainly during Deflation and the other receptors showed a tonic discharge during both Deflation and inflation. Despite the difference in Deflationary SAR firing patterns after veratridine administration, flecainide treatment (6.0 mg/kg) blocked veratridine-induced Deflationary SAR stimulation and also caused strong inhibition of the excitatory responses of Deflationary SARs to lung Deflation. Under these conditions, the average values for Deflationary SAR AI were over 90%. The responses of Deflationary SARs and Deflationary SAR AI to lung Deflation were not significantly altered by pretreatment with either 4-AP (0.7 and 2.0 mg/kg) or TEA (2.0 and 6.0 mg/kg). These results suggest that the excitatory effect of lung Deflation on Deflationary SAR activity is mediated by the activation of flecainide-sensitive Na + channels on the nerve terminals of Deflationary SARs.
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Effects of ouabain and flecainide on CO2-induced slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptor inhibition in the rabbit
Life Sciences, 1999Co-Authors: Shigeji Matsumoto, Takeshi Tanimoto, Chikako Saiki, Toshiaki Takahashi, Mamoru TakedaAbstract:Abstract The inhibitory effect of CO 2 on slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (SARs) was examined before and after administration of ouabain, a Na + 7z.sbnd;K + ATPase inhibitor, and flecainide, a Na + channel blocker. The experiments were performed in anesthetized, artificially ventilated rabbits after vagus nerve section. CO 2 inhalation (maximal tracheal CO 2 concentration ranging from 9.2 % to 10.4 %) for about 60 sec decreased the receptor activity during both inflation and Deflation. The magnitude of decreased SAR activity during Deflation was greater than that seen during inflation. Administration of ouabain (25 μg/kg) initially stimulated SAR activities during inflation and Deflation, and after 20 min, the SAR response was still kept excitatory in both inflation and Deflation phases. Under these conditions, CO 2 inhalation inhibited SAR activities during inflation and Deflation. Flecainide treatment (3 mg/kg) that abolished veratridine (30 μg/kg)-induced SAR excitation had no significant effect on the inhibitory responses of SAR activity to CO 2 . These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of CO 2 , occurs when ouabain results in intracellular Na + concentration ([Na + ] i ) increases in the SAR endings, and that CO 2 -induced SAR inhibition may not be related to the reduction of influx of Na + through voltage-gated Na + channels.
Charlie S Bristow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Deflation in the dustiest place on earth the bodele depression chad
Geomorphology, 2009Co-Authors: Charlie S Bristow, Nicholas Drake, Simon J ArmitageAbstract:The Bodele Depression in Chad is the largest single source of dust on Earth because of a combination of strong near surface winds and a large reservoir of readily eroded and easily entrained, low density sediment. During the Holocene and Late Pleistocene, the Bodele Depression was host to a great lake–palaeolake Megachad–that is now completely desiccated leaving the lake bed sediments exposed to Deflation. Deflation in the Bodele Depression is revealed in erosional remnants of lake bed deposits exposed as yardangs on the lake floor. Erosional remnants indicate that locally up to 4 m of sediment has been removed by Deflation. Optically-stimulated luminescence dating shows that this occurred in less than 2400 years, giving a rate of Deflation of at least 1.6 mm yr− 1. A range of other geomorphological features indicate that in some areas rates of Deflation may be greater than or equal to 10 mm yr− 1. Deflation appears to be greatest in an arc around the northeastern margins of the lake basin where the diatomite deposits have been removed and revealed an underlying network of distributary channels preserved as gravel capped ridges. The ridges, which are part of an inverted topography, are interpreted as deltaic distributary channels from an inland delta similar to the Okavango Delta. Examples of barchan dunes exist that were flooded by the palaeolake and which have now been exhumed from beneath layers of diatomite. The distribution of extensive Deflation around the northeasterly, upwind end of the Bodele Depression probably results from a combination of large wind velocities, an upwind source of abrasive sand, and thinner diatomite deposits around the lake margin. Satellite image analysis shows that outcropping diatomite covers 24,049 km2 of the Bodele Depression. Furthermore, the area from which diatomite has been removed by Deflation is around 14,000 km2. Combining this information with the ages and rates of Deflation mentioned above indicates that some 61,000 km3 of diatomite has been eroded from the Bodele Depression during the past 1000 years.