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Frank A. Pintar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thor dummy chest deflection response in oblique and lateral far side sled tests
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, John R Humm, Hans W Hauschild, Yuvaraj Purushothaman, Frank A. PintarAbstract:Objective: The focus of this study is side impact. Though occupant injury assessment and protection in nearside impacts has received considerable attention and safety standards have been promulgated, field studies show that a majority of far-side occupant injuries are focused on the head and thorax. The 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) has been used in oblique and lateral far-side impact sled tests, and regional body accelerations and forces and moments recorded by load cells have been previously reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chestband-based deflection responses from these tests. Methods: The 3-point belt-restrained 50th percentile male THOR dummy was seated upright in a buck consisting of a rigid flat seat, simulated center console, dashboard, far-side side door structure, and armrest. It was designed to conduct pure lateral and oblique impacts. The center console, dashboard, simulated door structure, and armrest were covered with energy-absorbing materials. A center-mounted airbag was mounted to the right side of the seat. Two 59-gage chestbands were routed on the circumference of the thorax, with the upper and lower chestbands at the level of the third and sixth ribs, respectively, following the rib geometry. Oblique and pure lateral far-side impact tests with and without airbags were conducted at 8.3 m/s. Maximum chest Deflections were computed by processing temporal contours using custom software and 3 methods: Procedures paralleling human cadaver studies, using the actual anchor point location and actual alignment of the InfraRed Telescoping Rods for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) in the dummy on each aspect-that is, right or left,-and using the same anchor location of the internal sensor but determining the location of the peak chest deflection on the contour confined to the aspect of the sensor; these were termed the SD, ID, and TD metrics, respectively. Results: All deformation contours at the upper and lower thorax levels and associated peak Deflections are given for all tests. Briefly, the ID metrics were the lowest in magnitude for both pure lateral and oblique modes, regardless of the presence or absence of an airbag. This was followed by the TD metric, and the SD metric produced the greatest Deflections. Conclusion: The chestbands provide a unique opportunity to compute peak Deflections that parallel current IR-TRACC-type Deflections and allow computation of peak Deflections independent of the initial point of attachment to the rib. The differing locations of the peak deflection vectors along the rib contours for different test conditions suggest that a priori attachment is less effective. Further, varying magnitudes of the differences between ID and TD metrics underscore the difficulty in extrapolating ID outputs under different conditions: Pure lateral versus oblique, airbag presence, and thoracic levels. Deflection measurements should, therefore, not be limited to an instrument that can only track from a fixed point. For improved predictions, these results suggest the need to investigate alternative techniques, such as optical methods to improve chest deflection measurements for far-side occupant injury assessment and mitigation.
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts. Language: en
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts.
Narayan Yoganandan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thor dummy chest deflection response in oblique and lateral far side sled tests
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, John R Humm, Hans W Hauschild, Yuvaraj Purushothaman, Frank A. PintarAbstract:Objective: The focus of this study is side impact. Though occupant injury assessment and protection in nearside impacts has received considerable attention and safety standards have been promulgated, field studies show that a majority of far-side occupant injuries are focused on the head and thorax. The 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) has been used in oblique and lateral far-side impact sled tests, and regional body accelerations and forces and moments recorded by load cells have been previously reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chestband-based deflection responses from these tests. Methods: The 3-point belt-restrained 50th percentile male THOR dummy was seated upright in a buck consisting of a rigid flat seat, simulated center console, dashboard, far-side side door structure, and armrest. It was designed to conduct pure lateral and oblique impacts. The center console, dashboard, simulated door structure, and armrest were covered with energy-absorbing materials. A center-mounted airbag was mounted to the right side of the seat. Two 59-gage chestbands were routed on the circumference of the thorax, with the upper and lower chestbands at the level of the third and sixth ribs, respectively, following the rib geometry. Oblique and pure lateral far-side impact tests with and without airbags were conducted at 8.3 m/s. Maximum chest Deflections were computed by processing temporal contours using custom software and 3 methods: Procedures paralleling human cadaver studies, using the actual anchor point location and actual alignment of the InfraRed Telescoping Rods for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) in the dummy on each aspect-that is, right or left,-and using the same anchor location of the internal sensor but determining the location of the peak chest deflection on the contour confined to the aspect of the sensor; these were termed the SD, ID, and TD metrics, respectively. Results: All deformation contours at the upper and lower thorax levels and associated peak Deflections are given for all tests. Briefly, the ID metrics were the lowest in magnitude for both pure lateral and oblique modes, regardless of the presence or absence of an airbag. This was followed by the TD metric, and the SD metric produced the greatest Deflections. Conclusion: The chestbands provide a unique opportunity to compute peak Deflections that parallel current IR-TRACC-type Deflections and allow computation of peak Deflections independent of the initial point of attachment to the rib. The differing locations of the peak deflection vectors along the rib contours for different test conditions suggest that a priori attachment is less effective. Further, varying magnitudes of the differences between ID and TD metrics underscore the difficulty in extrapolating ID outputs under different conditions: Pure lateral versus oblique, airbag presence, and thoracic levels. Deflection measurements should, therefore, not be limited to an instrument that can only track from a fixed point. For improved predictions, these results suggest the need to investigate alternative techniques, such as optical methods to improve chest deflection measurements for far-side occupant injury assessment and mitigation.
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts. Language: en
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts.
Christian Hirt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of egm2008 in europe using accurate astrogeodetic vertical Deflections and omission error estimates from srtm dtm2006 0 residual terrain model data
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010Co-Authors: Christian Hirt, Urs Marti, Beat Burki, Will FeatherstoneAbstract:[1] We assess the new EGM2008 Earth gravitational model using a set of 1056 astrogeodetic vertical Deflections over parts of continental Europe. Our astrogeodetic vertical deflection data set originates from zenith camera observations performed during 1983–2008. This set, which is completely independent from EGM2008, covers, e.g., Switzerland, Germany, Portugal and Greece, and samples a variety of topography – level terrain, medium elevated and rugged Alpine areas. We describe how EGM2008 is used to compute vertical Deflections according to Helmert's (surface) definition. Particular attention is paid to estimating the EGM2008 signal omission error from residual terrain model (RTM) data. The RTM data is obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation model and the DTM2006.0 high degree spherical harmonic reference surface. The comparisons between the astrogeodetic and EGM2008 vertical Deflections show an agreement of about 3 arc seconds (root mean square, RMS). Adding omission error estimates from RTM to EGM2008 significantly reduces the discrepancies from the complete European set of astrogeodetic Deflections to 1 arc second (RMS). Depending on the region, the RMS errors vary between 0.4 and 1.5 arc seconds. These values not only reflect EGM2008 commission errors, but also short-scale mass-density anomalies not modelled from the RTM data. Given (1) formally stated EGM2008 commission error estimates of about 0.6–0.8 arc seconds for vertical Deflections, and (2) that short-scale mass-density anomalies may affect vertical Deflections by about 1 arc second, the agreement between EGM2008 and our astrogeodetic deflection data set is very good. Further focus is placed on the investigation of the high-degree spectral bands of EGM2008. As a general conclusion, EGM2008 – enhanced by RTM data – is capable of predicting Helmert vertical Deflections at the 1 arc second accuracy level over Europe.
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prediction of vertical Deflections from high degree spherical harmonic synthesis and residual terrain model data
Journal of Geodesy, 2010Co-Authors: Christian HirtAbstract:This study demonstrates that in mountainous areas the use of residual terrain model (RTM) data significantly improves the accuracy of vertical Deflections obtained from high-degree spherical harmonic synthesis. The new Earth gravitational model EGM2008 is used to compute vertical Deflections up to a spherical harmonic degree of 2,160. RTM data can be constructed as difference between high-resolution Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data and the terrain model DTM2006.0 (a spherical harmonic terrain model that complements EGM2008) providing the long-wavelength reference surface. Because these RTM elevations imply most of the gravity field signal beyond spherical harmonic degree of 2,160, they can be used to augment EGM2008 vertical deflection predictions in the very high spherical harmonic degrees. In two mountainous test areas—the German and the Swiss Alps—the combined use of EGM2008 and RTM data was successfully tested at 223 stations with high-precision astrogeodetic vertical Deflections from recent zenith camera observations (accuracy of about 0.1 arc seconds) available. The comparison of EGM2008 vertical Deflections with the ground-truth astrogeodetic observations shows root mean square (RMS) values (from differences) of 3.5 arc seconds for ξ and 3.2 arc seconds for η, respectively. Using a combination of EGM2008 and RTM data for the prediction of vertical Deflections considerably reduces the RMS values to the level of 0.8 arc seconds for both vertical deflection components, which is a significant improvement of about 75%. Density anomalies of the real topography with respect to the residual model topography are one factor limiting the accuracy of the approach. The proposed technique for vertical deflection predictions is based on three publicly available data sets: (1) EGM2008, (2) DTM2006.0 and (3) SRTM elevation data. This allows replication of the approach for improving the accuracy of EGM2008 vertical deflection predictions in regions with a rough topography or for improved validation of EGM2008 and future high-degree spherical harmonic models by means of independent ground truth data.
John R Humm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thor dummy chest deflection response in oblique and lateral far side sled tests
Traffic Injury Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, John R Humm, Hans W Hauschild, Yuvaraj Purushothaman, Frank A. PintarAbstract:Objective: The focus of this study is side impact. Though occupant injury assessment and protection in nearside impacts has received considerable attention and safety standards have been promulgated, field studies show that a majority of far-side occupant injuries are focused on the head and thorax. The 50th percentile male Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) has been used in oblique and lateral far-side impact sled tests, and regional body accelerations and forces and moments recorded by load cells have been previously reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the chestband-based deflection responses from these tests. Methods: The 3-point belt-restrained 50th percentile male THOR dummy was seated upright in a buck consisting of a rigid flat seat, simulated center console, dashboard, far-side side door structure, and armrest. It was designed to conduct pure lateral and oblique impacts. The center console, dashboard, simulated door structure, and armrest were covered with energy-absorbing materials. A center-mounted airbag was mounted to the right side of the seat. Two 59-gage chestbands were routed on the circumference of the thorax, with the upper and lower chestbands at the level of the third and sixth ribs, respectively, following the rib geometry. Oblique and pure lateral far-side impact tests with and without airbags were conducted at 8.3 m/s. Maximum chest Deflections were computed by processing temporal contours using custom software and 3 methods: Procedures paralleling human cadaver studies, using the actual anchor point location and actual alignment of the InfraRed Telescoping Rods for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) in the dummy on each aspect-that is, right or left,-and using the same anchor location of the internal sensor but determining the location of the peak chest deflection on the contour confined to the aspect of the sensor; these were termed the SD, ID, and TD metrics, respectively. Results: All deformation contours at the upper and lower thorax levels and associated peak Deflections are given for all tests. Briefly, the ID metrics were the lowest in magnitude for both pure lateral and oblique modes, regardless of the presence or absence of an airbag. This was followed by the TD metric, and the SD metric produced the greatest Deflections. Conclusion: The chestbands provide a unique opportunity to compute peak Deflections that parallel current IR-TRACC-type Deflections and allow computation of peak Deflections independent of the initial point of attachment to the rib. The differing locations of the peak deflection vectors along the rib contours for different test conditions suggest that a priori attachment is less effective. Further, varying magnitudes of the differences between ID and TD metrics underscore the difficulty in extrapolating ID outputs under different conditions: Pure lateral versus oblique, airbag presence, and thoracic levels. Deflection measurements should, therefore, not be limited to an instrument that can only track from a fixed point. For improved predictions, these results suggest the need to investigate alternative techniques, such as optical methods to improve chest deflection measurements for far-side occupant injury assessment and mitigation.
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts. Language: en
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts.
Mike W J Arun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts. Language: en
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oblique lateral impact biofidelity deflection corridors from post mortem human surrogates
Stapp car crash journal, 2013Co-Authors: Narayan Yoganandan, Mike W J Arun, John R Humm, Frank A. PintarAbstract:The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from load cells attached to the load-wall plates. The thorax and abdomen regions were instrumented with chestbands, and deflection contours were obtained. Biomechanical responses were processed using the impulse-momentum normalization method and scaled to the mid-size male mass, 76-kg. The individual effective masses of the thorax and abdomen were used to determine the scale factors in each sled test, thus using the response from each experiment. The maximum Deflections and their times of attainments were obtained, and mean and plus minus one standard deviation corridors were derived. Test-by-test thorax and abdomen force-time histories are given. Deflection-time histories for each specimen for the two body regions and corridors are presented. The mean maximum Deflections for the thorax and abdomen body regions were 68.41 ± 16.1 and 68.98 ± 12.69 mm, respectively. Deflections were greater in oblique than pure lateral loading tests for both body regions, indicating the increased sensitivity of oblique side impact vector to the human response. The mean and one standard deviation responses of the thorax and abdomen serve as biofidelity corridors under oblique loading. Because modern instrumentation techniques can accommodate deflection sensors in the thorax and abdomen in devices such as WorldSID, and computer finite element models are flexible enough to extract regional and local deformation fields, the present data can be used to evaluate dummy biofidelity and validate and verify numerical models. They can be used to advance injury assessment reference values in oblique impacts.
